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Miljöundervisning i Dharamsala / Enviromental education in DharamsalaÖsterberg, Maria January 2008 (has links)
<p>During the last years, enviromental issues has been higly topical and everyone is involved in the end. To raise children into citizents who cares abuot the enviroment, the education has to start in the early years of school. The purpose of the examination is to investigate how the eniviromental education looks in a village called Dharamsala in northern India.</p><p>Intervjues has ben done with three teachers working in different schools and one teacherstudent. I´ve also intervjued one tibetan munk whoes ben working as teacher and director. I´ve also studied a societyorgan that have a close realationship with most schools in the area. Observations has also ben used in the studie. The result did´t show any big difference between the schools enviromental education.</p><p>All schools that have ben studied is working with enviromental questions, in the lower classes they mix it in with other. Everyone in the studie thinks that it´s very important to work with enviroment in the school to rase responsebible citizens.</p> / <p>Ämnet miljö har under de senaste åren blivit högaktuellt och i slutändan lämnar det ingen oberörd. För att fostra barn till att bli miljömedvetna samhällsmedborgare måste undervisning ske från skolans start. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur man i den Indiska byn Dharamsala arbetar med miljöfrågor, främst inom skola men även i det övriga samhället. Intervjuer har genomförts med två lärare från olika skolor, samt en lärarstuderande. Jag har också intervjuat en tibetansk munk som i många år själv arbetat inom skolans värld. Ett samhällsorgan som har nära samarbete med skolorna vad gäller miljö har också undersökts. Observationer har också använts. Jag kan efter resultatet konstatera att inga stora skillnader mellan de olika skolornas miljöarbete finns.</p><p>Samtliga arbetar med miljö, inom de lägre åldrarna sker det ämnesintegrerat. De alla anser att det är mycket viktigt att jobba med miljö för att fostra ansvarskännande individer.</p>
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Återvinning vid Karlstads Universitet : En enkätstudie av studenters kunskap, attityder och beteenden kring källsorteringssystemet / Recycling at Karlstad University : a questionnaire study of students' knowledge, attitudes and behaviour around the waste separation systemGullström, Wictor January 2010 (has links)
Bakgrunden till undersökningen är att undersöka hur KAUs källsorteringssystem fungerar ur studenternas synvinkel. Genom analyser av vad teori säger om beteenden, vanor, attityder och kunskaper om källsortering från en enkätstudie på 1’200 av KAUs studenter, ska denna uppsats försöka besvara vad dessa studenter anser om och vilka kunskap de har av KAUs källsorteringssystem. För att ta reda på vad teori säger om detta har jag undersökt vad Naturvårdsverket säger om miljömässiga beteenden och hur de fungerar ihop med källsortering. Jag har även hur undersökt det kan kopplas ihop med nutidens livsstil så som vi lever i dagens konsumtionssamhälle. Syftet med denna uppsats är att försöka belysa och undersöka om miljömedvetenhet i vardagslivet finns bland dagens studenter på KAU. Resultatet kommer att framkomma via den undersökande enkätstudien . Huvudresultatet av denna undersökning är att många av dagens studenter vet om hur KAUs källsorteringssystem fungerar och flertalet anser att det är viktigt med källsortering. Det som många studenter idag anser om källsorteringssystemet är att det är bra att det finns i dagens utformning och att det fungerar relativt lätt, samt att källsorteringen som ingår i det vardagliga beteende är enkelt att hålla på med. Det verkar dock som om man källsorterar bättre när man har folk runt omkring sig än när man är hemma själv. / The background to the study is to investigate how source separation system works from the students' point of view. Through analysis of what the theory says about behaviors, habits, attitudes and knowledge of source separation from a questionnaire study on the Thimbles 1'200 students, this essay will attempt to answer what these students think about and what knowledge they have of source separation systems. To find out what the theory says about this, I investigated what the Naturvårdsverket says about environmental behaviors and how they work together with recycling. I have also examined how it can be paired with today's lifestyle so that we live in today's consumer society. The purpose of this essay is to try to illuminate and explore the environmental awareness in everyday life are among today's students at KAU. The result will be produced by the exploratory survey. The main result of this study is that many of today's students know how Thimbles source separation system works, and most believe it is important to source separation. What many students today believe the source separation system is that it is good to have in today's design and it works fairly easily, and sorting as part of the everyday behaviour is easy to get involved with. However, it seems that you sort source better when you have people around them than when you are home alone.
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Caricaturing buildings for effective visualizationRice, Grant G., III 12 April 2006 (has links)
The objective of my research is to identify and analyze the techniques of exaggeration,
simplification, and abstraction used by caricature and cartoon artists. I
apply these techniques to an expressive 3D modelling process which is used to create
building caricatures. This process minimizes the number of unimportant details and
increases the recognizability of the buildings. Additionally, the building caricature
process decreases the time spent modelling the buildings and reduces their overall file
sizes. The building caricature process has been used to create other building caricatures,
as well as interactive visualizations and 3D maps of the Texas A&M University
campus.
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Biosocial reciprocity in environmental communication: a study of giant panda conservation communication in ChinaYang, Liuqing 25 April 2007 (has links)
This study proposes biosocial reciprocity framework in environmental
communication, which suggests the interdependent relationships between mass media,
people's attitudes, and the physical environment. Biosocial reciprocity is applied to
analyze the mass media's possible roles in giant panda conservation in China. The mass
media's image construction of giant pandas is assessed through a content analysis of
People's Daily (1995 to 2004); the conservation awareness, activities, and environment
changes are assessed by a review of the country's giant panda conservation history and
policies. The result suggests active interrelations among the media, Chinese attitudes
toward wildlife, and the loss of wild panda population and habitat. The study urges that
to positively influence the natural world, much needs to be done to improve the Chinese
media's effectiveness in fostering grassroots environmental value and awareness.
Biosocial reciprocity provides a practical conceptual framework for this study to sort out
media-related linkages between the social and physical world of giant panda
conservation.
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Miljöundervisning i Dharamsala / Enviromental education in DharamsalaÖsterberg, Maria January 2008 (has links)
During the last years, enviromental issues has been higly topical and everyone is involved in the end. To raise children into citizents who cares abuot the enviroment, the education has to start in the early years of school. The purpose of the examination is to investigate how the eniviromental education looks in a village called Dharamsala in northern India. Intervjues has ben done with three teachers working in different schools and one teacherstudent. I´ve also intervjued one tibetan munk whoes ben working as teacher and director. I´ve also studied a societyorgan that have a close realationship with most schools in the area. Observations has also ben used in the studie. The result did´t show any big difference between the schools enviromental education. All schools that have ben studied is working with enviromental questions, in the lower classes they mix it in with other. Everyone in the studie thinks that it´s very important to work with enviroment in the school to rase responsebible citizens. / Ämnet miljö har under de senaste åren blivit högaktuellt och i slutändan lämnar det ingen oberörd. För att fostra barn till att bli miljömedvetna samhällsmedborgare måste undervisning ske från skolans start. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur man i den Indiska byn Dharamsala arbetar med miljöfrågor, främst inom skola men även i det övriga samhället. Intervjuer har genomförts med två lärare från olika skolor, samt en lärarstuderande. Jag har också intervjuat en tibetansk munk som i många år själv arbetat inom skolans värld. Ett samhällsorgan som har nära samarbete med skolorna vad gäller miljö har också undersökts. Observationer har också använts. Jag kan efter resultatet konstatera att inga stora skillnader mellan de olika skolornas miljöarbete finns. Samtliga arbetar med miljö, inom de lägre åldrarna sker det ämnesintegrerat. De alla anser att det är mycket viktigt att jobba med miljö för att fostra ansvarskännande individer.
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Meio ambiente no telejornalismo: efeitos de sentido sobre preservação no Nordeste Viver e PreservarSilva, Eutalita Bezerra da January 2016 (has links)
Este trabalho tem como temática central o discurso telejornalístico acerca da preservação ambiental. Buscou-se compreender a concepção sobre o assunto que emerge no discurso do programa de televisão Nordeste Viver e Preservar. Para isso, foram analisadas sequências discursivas colhidas em 39 reportagens veiculadas entre os anos de 2008 e 2015. O estudo aborda, ainda, a crise ambiental que incide sobre a sociedade contemporânea e as discussões que se colocam para uma convivência mais harmônica entre homem-natureza. Por desenvolver-se sobre a materialidade do texto verbal e imagético da televisão, ainda é feita uma incursão sobre esta mídia e sua potencialidade de informar sobre ecologia. O olhar do Jornalismo Ambiental, com seu caráter educativo, informativo e mobilizador, perpassa o trabalho. A operacionalização dos objetivos busca nas noções da Análise do Discurso de matriz francesa analisar as marcas discursivas que apontem para a concepção de preservação ambiental admitida pelo programa e em que Formações Discursivas esses dizeres estão inseridos. Também reflete sobre a postura admitida pelo Nordeste Viver e Preservar ao discutir a preservação ambiental. A investigação aponta que, para o programa, preservar está ligado a proteger aquilo que se conhece, pelo qual se tem empatia e cuja ação propiciará lucros ou evitará prejuízos. Também se percebe uma forte imbricação entre a preservação e a noção de beleza, de exotismo e a demarcação de personagens que constroem a narrativa da preservação. Estes têm um ato de bondade em relação ao ambiente. Admite-se a predominância de uma Formação Discursiva Conservacionista, na qual predominam dizeres relacionados à intervenção do homem na natureza como necessária à sua sobrevivência. Percebe-se também, embora com menos espaço, uma Formação Discursiva Preservacionista, que imputa ao homem a culpa pela crise atual, o que sugere a necessidade de impor restrições à sua interferência no ambiente. A investigação indica que, embora se intitule um programa sobre preservação, o discurso do Nordeste Viver e Preservar está mais alinhado a uma postura conservacionista. / This work has as its central theme the journalistic discourse on the environmental preservation. The analysis aims to perceive the subject of the discourse on the television program Nordeste Viver e Preservar. The work is based on the analysis of discoursive sequences drawn from 39 stories transmitted between 2008 and 2015. The study considers also the environmental crises that affects the contemporary society and the discussions that arise to enlighten a better and more harmonious cohabitation between men and nature. Because the work is developed on the materiality of the verbal text and imagery of television, we also focus on that medium and its potential to inform about ecology. The environmental journalism´s spirit, with its educational, informative and mobilizing character, pervades the discussion. The operationalization of this goals has its bases on the French discourse analysis, inquiring the discursive imprints that point to the conception of environmental preservation on the show and in what discursive formation are they enbedded. The position of the show Nordeste Viver e Preservar is also taken into account. This research shows that, for the program preserve is bound to protect what you know, what you have empathy and whose action will provide profits or avoid losses. We may notice a close relationship between the preservation and the notion of beauty, of exoticism and the clear demarcation of characters who build the narrative of preservation, as being individuals who practice acts of human kindness towards the environment. We may point to the preponderance of a Conservationist Discursive Formation, in which subject-matter to human intervention in nature as necessary for their survival are predominant, we may encounter likewise, although in less space, a Preservationist Discursive Formation, that blames on men the actual crises, what suggests the need of imposing restrictions on its environmental interference. The analysis indicates that, although the television show may evoque the concept of preservation by his name, Nordeste Viver e Preservar has a discourse that points towards a more conservationist position.
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Sub-bacias hidrográficas do Alto Jaguaribe (Tauá-CE): vulnerabilidades ante a incidência de degradação / desertificação / Sub-basins in the high Jaguaribe river in Taua town, CE: vulnerabilities before the incidence degradation / desertification.Pinheiro, Rosângela Maria Paixão January 2003 (has links)
PINHEIRO, Rosângela Maria Paixão. Sub-bacias hidrográficas do Alto Jaguaribe (Tauá-CE): vulnerabilidades ante a incidência de degradação / desertificação. 2003. 193 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Programa Regional em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Fortaleza-CE, 2003 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-04-19T13:37:47Z
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Previous issue date: 2003 / Since the origins of civilization, natural elements of river basins – water, soil, vegetation, among others – are used in human activities to meet man’s needs. Among them, water is such an important resource that its shortage can influence the development of a region and can cause socioeconomic problems, a problem existing in the semi-arid area of Brazil. The area of the present study – a high valley of Jaguaribe river basin – has a seasonal water unavailability caused by the low annual rainfall rates (550– 650 mm/year), high temperatures (25oC to 28oC) great evaporation rates (119 to 307 mm), which produce a water deficit. This area is also characterized by a the limited potential of other natural resources, among them - shallow soils (Lithic Nessolos, Luvissolos and Neossolos Flúvios) and complex open vegetable formation open (caatinga), which in drought periods are intensified. As a result, the population is subjected to the situation of socioeconomic poverty and environmental vulnerability, producing a susceptibility to desertification. In this context, the present work aims to develop a geoenvironmental analysis in sub river basins in Tauá Town, Ceará State, Brazil by characterizing and classifying those basins according to hydrodynamic conditions, expressing vulnerability scenarios in order to enable the sustainability of its natural resources. The methodology consisted of integrating the quantitative analysis of the drainage net with the qualitative approach in systemic perspective about the physical-environmental and socioeconomic components. We applied parameters and concepts based on HORTON (1945), STRAHLER (1952, among others mentioned by CHRISTOFOLETTI (1980);BERTALANFY (1932), BERTRAND (1972); cartographic bases of SUDENE/ASMIC (1967), SUDENE (1973) and WAVES (2001). In the results obtained concerning the hydrodynamic characteristics, the sub-basins of the brooks Carrapateiras and Catumbi presented more complex hierarchies (4th order), than the sub-basins of the brooks Cipó and Trici (3rd order). The analyses of the morphometric indexes enhances the characterization of the sub-basins in relation to the larger or smaller predisposition to erosion processes and other hydrological dynamics. Therefore, the parameters of shape index (Ff, Kc and “C”), made the author classify all the sub-basins with an irregular shape, favoring the proper time for formation of runoff. This dynamics was also expressed by the “Cmc” and “Eps” indexes – average length of canals and runoff. The first one evidenced in almost all the sub-basins, except for Catumbi, the search for the proper adjustment of the canals, through which the largest average length is to the canals of 1st order, with reduction of the average course for highest orders. In the second index, the sub-basins of Catumbi and Cipó – 0.86 km and 0.81 km respectively – presented indicators more pronounced to the erosion processes than the subbasins of Carrapateiras and Trici, with 0.78 km and 0.76 km, respectively. In the river and drainage densities – “Dr” “Dd” – the results for Cipó, Carrapateiras, Trici and Catumbi brooks, for each index, respectively, were: 0.1 c/km, 0.08 c/km, 0.14 c/km, 0.21 c/km and 0.61km/km2, 0.64 km/km2, 0.65 km/km2, 0.58 km/km2; indicating low frequency of canals and the low pattern of drainage per pattern area, representing a balance between runoff and infiltration. This dynamics was also analyzed in the set composed of average slope roughness coefficient – “D” “Rg” – which in the sub-basins of Carrapateiras and Trici expressed a better balance by the results – 8.09%, 5.10% and 5.17%; 3.31 for each index respectively; concerning the sub-basins of Catumbi and Cipó, respectively, with, 3.96%, 4.20% and 2.29%; 2.56%. The socio-environmental analysis evidenced unharmonious relationships, established in the areas covered by the sub river basins because of the economic structure and through soil use during approximately five (5) centuries of exploitation of natural resources. In the division of the river sub basins in geoenvironmental units and sub-units, there was a predominance, with relation to the smallest and largest geoenvironmental variation, respectively, of the sub-basins of Cipó brook (3 units and 5 sub-units) and Carrapateiras (5 units and 18 sub-units), and that also emphasize the more pronounced natural vulnerabilities. While the sub-basins of the brooks Trici and Catumbi (both with 4 units and 12 sub-units) stood out through the conditions of greater interaction and preservation of the physical-environmental components, resulting in lower natural vulnerabilities. In almost all of the sub-basins, we identified the relative occupation by the unit Z3 - areas partially dissected, except for the brook Catumbi, which is relatively occupied by the unit Z2 - flat to dissected areas. Evidencing that, as the geologicalgeomorphological time goes by, the sub-basins go through intense denudation process. The analyses conducted allowed the author to classify the river sub-basins into the following categories: high environmental vulnerability for Cipó brook; medium to high environmental vulnerability for Carrapateiras brook; medium environmental vulnerability for Trici brook, and medium to low environmental vulnerability for Catumbi brook. Therefore, we conclude that the environmental conditions in the river sub-basins express a group of phenomena with strong antagonism, between the hydrodynamic and physical-environmental balance for the semi-arid area, with the socioeconomic dynamics of the exploitation of natural resources. They are revealed through strong negative environmental changes, resulting in phenomena that stimulate the natural environmental vulnerabilities, and that are related to the degradation/desertification in the river sub-basins in the high Jaguaribe river in Tauá town, CE. / Desde os primórdios da civilização elementos naturais em bacias hidrográficas – água, solo, vegetação, entre outros – são utilizados em práticas humanas, suprindo suas necessidades. Entre estes, a água é um recurso tão importante, que sua escassez, pode influenciar o desenvolvimento de uma região e refletir-se em problemas sócio-econômicos, problemática presente na Região Semiárida do Brasil. A área do presente estudo, alto vale da bacia hidrográfica do Jaguaribe, convive sazonalmente com a indisponibilidade de água - decorrente dos baixos índices anuais de pluviometria (650 a 550 mm/a), e elevados índices de temperatura (250C a 280C) e evaporação (119 a 307 mm), que levam a déficits hídrico. Caracteriza-se também pela potencialidade limitada de outros recursos naturais, entre eles – solos rasos (Nessolos Líticos, Luvissolos e Neossolos Flúvios) e formação vegetal complexa aberta (caatinga), que em períodos de seca são intensificadas. Ficando, então, a população condicionada ao quadro de pobreza sócio-econômica e de vulnerabilidade ambiental, refletidos em suscetibilidade à desertificação. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho objetiva desenvolver análise geoambiental em sub-bacias hidrográficas no município de Tauá – CE; caracterizando e classificando-as diante das condições hidrodinâmicas, expressando cenários de vulnerabilidades, a fim de subsidiar a busca da sustentabilidade dos seus recursos naturais. A metodologia correspondeu a integração da análise quantitativa sobre a rede de drenagem, com abordagem qualitativa em perspectiva sistêmicas sobre as componentes físico-ambientais e sócioeconômicas. Foram aplicados parâmetros e concepções baseadas em HORTON (1945), STRAHLER (1952), entre outros citados por CHRISTOFOLETTI (1980); BERTALANFY (1932), BERTRAND (1972); bases cartográficas da SUDENE/ASMIC (1967), SUDENE (1973) e WAVES (2001). Nos resultados obtidos quanto as características hidrodinâmicas, as sub-bacias dos riachos Carrapateiras e Catumbi apresentaram hierarquias mais complexas (4a ordem), que as sub-bacias Cipó e Trici (3a ordem). As análises dos índices morfométricos potencializaram a caracterização das sub-bacias, quanto a maior ou menor pré-disposição aos processos erosivos e outras dinâmicas hidrológicas. Assim os parâmetros de índice de forma (Ff, Kc e “C”), levaram a autora a classificar, todas as sub-bacias com forma irregular; favorecendo o tempo adequado para formação do deflúvio. Dinâmica refletida também pelos índices “Cmc” e “Eps” – comprimento médio dos canais e escoamento superficial. O primeiro evidenciou em quase todas as sub-bacias, exceto Catumbi, a busca ao ajuste apropriado dos canais; através do qual, o comprimento médio maior está para os canis de 1a ordem, com redução do percurso médio para as ordens superiores. No segundo índice, as sub-bacias Catumbi e Cipó - 0,86 km e 0,81 km respectivamente – apresentaram indicativos mais acentuados aos processos erosivos, que as sub-bacias Carrapateiras e Trici, com 0,78 km e 0,76 km, respectivamente. Nas densidades de rios e de drenagem – “Dr” e “Dd” – os resultados para Cipó, Carrapateiras, Trici e Catumbi, em cada índice respectivamente foram: 0,1 c/km, 0,08 c/km, 0,14 c/km, 0,21 c/km e 0,61km/km2, 0,64 km/km2, 0,65 km/km2, 0,58 km/km2; indicando baixa freqüência de canais e baixo padrão de drenagem por área padrão, representando equilíbrio entre o escoamento superficial – infiltração. Dinâmica também analisada no conjunto declividade média e coeficiente de rugosidade -“D” e “Rg” – que nas sub-bacias Carrapateiras e Trici expressaram melhor equilíbrio, através dos resultados – 8,09%, 5,10% e 5,17; 3,31 para cada índice respectivamente; em relação as sub-bacias Catumbi e Cipó, respectivamente com, 3,96%, 4,20% e 2,29; 2,56. A análise sócio-ambiental evidenciou relações desarmônicas, estabelecidas nas áreas de abrangência das sub-bacias hidrográficas, pela estrutura econômica e modo de uso e ocupação do solo, ao longo de aproximadamente cinco (5) séculos de exploração dos recursos naturais. Na compartimentação das sub-bacias hidrográficas em unidades e sub-unidades geoambientais, resultou em destaque, quanto a menor e maior variação geoambiental respectivamente, para as sub-bacias Cipó (3 unidades e 5 sub-unidades) e Carrapateiras (5 unidades e 18 sub-unidades), e que também realçam as vulnerabilidades naturais mais acentuadas. Enquanto as sub-bacias dos riachos Trici e Catumbi (ambas com 4 unidades e 12 sub-unidades), destacaram-se pelas condições de maior interação e preservação das componentes físico-ambientais, refletindo em vulnerabilidades naturais menos intensas. Em quase todas as sub-bacias identificou-se a ocupação relativa pela unidade Z3 – áreas parcialmente dissecadas, exceto no riacho Catumbi, que está ocupada relativamente pela unidade Z2 – áreas aplainadas a pouco dissecadas. Evidenciando que ao longo do tempo geológico-geomorfológico, as sub-bacias são alvos de intensos processos de desnudação. As análises realizadas levaram a autora, a classificação das sub-bacias hidrográficas nas seguintes categorias: alta vulnerabilidade ambiental para Cipó; Média/alta vulnerabilidade ambiental em Carrapateiras; Média/média vulnerabilidade ambiental para Trici, e Média/baixa vulnerabilidade ambiental em Catumbi. Em face do exposto, conclui-se que as condições ambientais nas sub-bacias hidrográficas refletem um conjunto de fenômenos com forte antagonismo, entre o equilíbrio hidrodinâmico e físico-ambiental para a Região Semi-árida, com as dinâmicas sócio-econômicas de exploração dos recursos naturais. Revelando-se em intensas alterações ambientais negativas, decorrendo em fenômenos que aguçam as vulnerabilidades ambientais naturais, e que estão associados à degradação / desertificação nas sub-bacias hidrográficas no alto Jaguaribe no município de Tauá-CE.
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Efeito da salinidade induzida no desenvolvimento e crescimento inicial de Carnaúba(Copernicia prunifera(Miller) H.E.Moore): suporte e estratégias de restauração em áreas salinizadas / Effect of the induced salinity in the growth and initial development of Carnaúba(prunifera Copernicia (Miller) H.E. Moore): it has supported the strategies of restoration in salinisation areasHolanda, Samia Jainara Rocha January 2006 (has links)
HOLANDA, Samia Jainara Rocha. Efeito da salinidade induzida no desenvolvimento e crescimento inicial de Carnaúba(Copernicia prunifera(Miller) H.E.Moore): suporte e estratégias de restauração em áreas salinizadas. 2006. 63 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Fortaleza-CE, 2006 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-04-20T12:22:38Z
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Previous issue date: 2006 / Actually, several regions of earth face serious soil problems because of salinisation. A major part of these cases occurs in regions with an accentuated water deficiency and shallow soils. The damage caused by salinity may become even more critical by inadequate handling and insufficient draining. High soil salt concentration has been one of the factors with major influence on reduced growth rates and productivity in cultivated plants. The Carnauba (Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H.E.Moore) is able to produce under conditions of low precipitation and is an option for income of great importance for the population of the Brazilian semi-arid regions. In our study, we tried to assess the effect of salinity on growth and initial development of Carnauba plantlets destined at supporting restoration of areas of permanent conservation (APPs) that were deforested or suffer from salinisation as well as to promote extractivism as a source of income in this region. In the experiment, we applied a 5x1 factorial arrangement. The assay made use of 4 repetitions with 15 plantlets each in a random distribution. Salinities of 0, 25. 50, 75 and 100 mol.m-³ NaCl, corresponding to conductivities of 2.0, 4.6, 7.1, 9.6 and 12 dS.m-1, respectively, were evaluated in relation to the indexes of initial growth of Carnauba plantlets. The following variables were studied: leaf length (Cra); leaf width (Lra); root length (CRp), fresh weight (PMF); dry weight (PMS); aerial part – root ratio (PAR) and survival rate (TS). Salinity differentially affected each variable studied, with TS suffering a major impact. As to the salinities applied, plantlets demonstrated best results at 25 and 50 mol.m-³ NaCl, better even at 25 mol.m-³; here, the development of leaf width was best. Elevated salinities of 100 mol.m-³ or higher put at risk development and possibly survival of this plant, that thus turns out to be a glycophyte;production and/or replanting are not recommended for areas with these levels of soil salinity. / Atualmente várias regiões da terra enfrentam sérios problemas em seus solos por causa da salinização. Parte significativa desse problema ocorre em regiões onde a deficiência hídrica é acentuada e os solos são pouco profundos. Os prejuízos causados pela salinidade podem ser seriamente agravados pelo manejo inadequado da irrigação e pela drenagem insuficiente. Altas concentrações de sais no solo têm sido um dos fatores que mais têm concorrido para a redução do crescimento e produtividade das culturas. A Carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H.E.Moore), apresenta capacidade de produzir satisfatoriamente sob condições de baixa preciptação e é uma alternativa de renda de grande importância para a população do semi-árido brasileiro. Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o efeito da salinidade sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de Carnaúba para subsidiar a restauração de áreas de preservação permanente (APPs) que encontram-se desmatadas e ou salinizadas e a ampliação do extrativismo vegetal como fonte econômica da região. O experimento constou de um arranjo fatorial 5x1. O ensaio dispôs de 15 mudas com 4 repetições, sendo adotado o método de delineamento casualizado. Foram avaliados os efeitos de diferentes níveis de salinidade: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mol.m-3 de NaCl, correspondendo a condutividade elétrica inicial de: 2.0, 4.6, 7.1, 9.6, 12 dS.m1 sobre os índices de crescimento inicial das plântulas de Carnaúba. Foram estudadas as seguintes variáveis: comprimento da parte aérea (Cra); largura da parte aérea (Lra); comprimento da raiz principal (CRp); peso da matéria fresca (PMF); peso da matéria seca (PMS); razão parte aérea/raiz (PAR) e taxa de sobrevivência (TS). A salinidade afetou de forma diferenciada cada variável estudada, sendo a TS a mais afetada. Quanto aos níveis de salinidade aplicados, os melhores tratamentos para a produção de mudas foram os de 25 e 50 mol.m-3 de NaCl, em especial 25 mol.m-3, haja vista o melhor desenvolvimento da largura foliar neste nível de salinidade. Níveis elevados de salinidade como maior ou igual a 100 mol.m-3 de NaCl, comprometem o desenvolvimento e possivelmente a vida desta planta, apresentando assim comportamento de plantas glicófitas, não sendo aconselhável tentativas de produção e ou implantação de mudas em áreas que apresentem este nível de salinidade no solo.
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Água doce no Brasil: razões de uma nova política / Water candy in Brazil:reasons of a new politicsSilvestre, Maria Elisabeth Duarte January 2003 (has links)
SILVESTRE, Maria Elisabeth Duarte, Água doce no Brasil: razões de uma nova política. 2003. 132 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa Regional de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente - PRODEMA, Fortaleza-CE, 2003. / Submitted by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-05-17T19:49:14Z
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Previous issue date: 2003 / Brazil has new water legislation. This study examines why the 1934 Water Code became inadequate and the reasons that led to the National Water Resources Policy, according to the Law 9433 (January 8, 1997). It is motivated by a central question: does state intervention intend to assure water to actual and future generations, in the amounts and with the quality required for it various use? The primary principle is that society comprises individuals, groups and classes which have different, frequently opposed, interests; public policies, institutions and laws express and intervene in these conflicts. The environmental crisis and the sense of proposals aiming its solution must be considered in the context of the complex links between State, society, individuals and nature. Water policy constitutes a decisive intervention in the appropriation and use of a resource essential to life and production that is becoming scarce. Thus, it is a relevant element for appropriation of labor results and for power relations. The present study points out the historical character of water scarcity worldly and nationally, discuss the rationality of the society-nature relations and the evolution of Brazilian State commitment to the so-called natural resources, in particular, water resources. It intends to demonstrate that the politics of water appropriation and management are rationally designed and fulfill the reproduction necessities of the capitalist system. The Water Code matched the industrialization efforts of the Vargas period. The reflection on the basis of the 1997 Law shows its adaptation to capital needs, at the end of the XX century, and the contradictions that permeate such process. This Law assimilates the world hegemonic conception of State and environmental policies and is similar to diverse countries ongoing reforms, which invariantly tend to expand market. The new policy pretends to be democratic and decentralized, as well, as favor popular participation. In fact, it is a vigorous state intervention. The water legislation,simultaneously, alleviates the government from its constitutional duties and increases the possibilities of control over this vital resource. Despite the discourse of attending all Brazilians, the present Law is especially attentive to hegemonic interests, and it could become an important instrument for capitalistic expansion; it is to say, for the destruction of nature and, in particular, water. However, considering water as public goods, the Law allows resistence figths against water’s commercialization. / O Brasil tem uma nova legislação hídrica. Esse trabalho se propõe a entender o que tornou inadequado o Código de Águas de 1934 e as razões da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos conforme a Lei 9.433 de 8 de janeiro de 1997. Uma pergunta o motiva: trata-se de uma intervenção tendo em vista assegurar água à atual e às futuras gerações nas quantidades e qualidade exigidas? Parte do princípio que a sociedade é formada por indivíduos, grupos e classes sociais que têm interesses diferentes, frequentemente opostos e que as políticas públicas, instituições e leis expressam esses conflitos e neles intervêm. Para compreender a crise ambiental e as propostas que visam superá-la, é necessário situá-las na teia de relações que envolve Estado, sociedade, indivíduo e natureza. A política hídrica, decisiva intervenção do Estado na apropriação e uso de um recurso essencial à vida e à produção que tende a tornar-se escasso, interfere diretamente na apropriação dos frutos do trabalho e nas relações de poder. O presente trabalho assinala o caráter histórico da escassez da água no Brasil e no mundo, discute a racionalidade das relações com a natureza e a evolução da posição do Estado brasileiro frente aos recursos naturais e, em particular, hídricos. Procura mostrar que a apropriação e manejo dos mesmos são racionais no sentido de permitirem a reprodução social. O Código de Águas correspondeu ao esforço industrializante da Era Vargas. Os fundamentos da Lei 9.433 revelam sua adequação às necessidades atuais do capital, as contradições que o permeiam e traços marcantes do Estado e do ambientalismo mundialmente hegemônicos. A reforma brasileira assemelha-se a outras que estão sendo realizadas no mundo e que, invariavelmente, tendem a ampliar o espaço mercantil. A nova política pretende-se democrática e descentralizadora; configura-se, em princípio, como um espaço aberto à participação popular. Trata-se, porém, de uma vigorosa ação do Estado que o desobriga de responsabilidades que até então lhe eram imputadas e aumenta as possibilidades de controle sobre esse recurso. Sob a aparência de atender a todos e proteger os recursos hídricos, a Lei poderá constituir-se em um importante instrumento para a expansão do capital e a destruição da natureza. Apesar disso, ao colocar a água como bem de domínio público, contém abertura legal para as lutas de resistência contra sua mercantilização.
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Reducing the environmental impact of wind turbine bladesLiu, Pu January 2017 (has links)
Wind energy, one of the most promising sources of clean energy, has developed rapidly over the last two decades. Wind turbines (WT) are arguably clean during operation, offering minimal pollution and zero CO2 emissions, but significant amounts of energy are used and CO2 emitted during their manufacture, and, furthermore, the turbines are environmentally problematic at end-of-life (EoL), especially the blades. WT blades are mainly made with composite materials comprising thermosetting resin and glass fibre. They are lightweight and strong but problematic to recycle. Large volumes of waste will be generated when these WT blades are decommissioned and environmental concerns have been raised. The main aim of this study is to understand the environmental impact of wind turbine blades and to find solutions to reduce it. A quantitative method is adopted, first evaluating the WT blade waste inventory then calculating its environmental impact, and finally analysing the differences between all possible EoL options in terms of environmental and financial performance. The results firstly identify the global wind turbine blade waste inventory with detailed generation time and location which could help policy makers to gain an understanding of the size and severity of this problem. Secondly, the outputs indicate where most impact is generated and identify what to prioritise to reduce waste and reduce environmental impact, which is of value to blade manufacturers and other stakeholders. Moreover, this work highlights previous incorrect assumptions and provides findings to build on for future work. Thirdly, ‘optimal’ EoL options for the WT blade waste have been characterized: the current ‘optimal’ EoL option is life extension; mechanical recycling is the current ‘optimal’ recycling option; chemical recycling will be the ‘optimal’ option for the future. Future research is suggested as aiming to improve the performance of recycled fibre or to reduce the energy consumption of recycling processes.
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