Este trabalho aborda a questão do Planejamento e do Desenho Ambiental nos assentamentos rurais brasileiros, oriundos das lutas pela terra das classes populares de trabalhadores urbanos e rurais organizados. Apresenta conceitos de ambientais e analisa os efeitos negativos das ações do homem sobre o Planeta. Discute a questão metodológica para a abordagem de problemas ambientais. Apresenta o conceito de Bacia Hidrográfica em sua concepção geofísica e ambiental. Utiliza o método de estudo de casos, ao apresentar o Assentamento I do município de Sumaré SP e o assentamento Padre Josimo no município de Teodoro Sampaio SP assentamentos rurais paulistas originados nas ocupações dos de terra e sua relação com o MST Movimento dos Sem Terra. Procede a um levantamento dos recursos ambientais e paisagísticos dos assentamentos, e perfaz análise dos impactos ambientais ocorridos e em curso nestas áreas. Finalizando, discute os possíveis caminhos futuros que garantam em longo prazo, a sustentabilidade destas áreas com melhoria da qualidade de vida e justiça social aos moradores dos assentamentos e das comunidades relacionadas ao contexto político, social, geográfico e econômico regional, portanto contexto ambiental. Conclui com a apresentação de propostas que configurem um cenário futuro de conservação, recuperação e desenvolvimento sustentável para o Assentamento I e para o assentamento Padre Josimo, baseadas na análise dos impactos ambientais levantados. Apresenta o Convênio Estadual da Microbacia do Córrego Taquara Branca e Pinheirinho, no Assentamento I como uma iniciativa governamental desencadeadora de um processo de recuperação ambiental da paisagem regional, com enfoque em Educação Ambiental. Apresenta para o assentamento Padre Josimo os programas de atuação das ONGs em parceria com assentamentos rurais como uma possibilidade de engajamento nos projetos de conservação ambiental regional visando a Educação Ambiental e geração de renda. / This paper discuss the Environmental Planning and Design issue on the country land occupation at Brazil, originated by the land disputes of organized land and urban workers. It shows environmental concepts and analyze the negative outcomes of human acts on the Planet. It discusses the methodological issue to approach the environmental problems. It also presents the Hydrological Basin concept in its geophysical and ecosystem optic and its importance as an analytical unit to the environmental planning. By using a case study method, it presents the experience of the \"Assentamento /\" at the Sumaré municipality at the State of São Paulo, and the country land Padre Josimo at the Teodoro Sampaio municipality at the State of São Paulo the countries lands occupations made by landless workers, in that State supported by the Landless Workers Movement (MST). It proceeds with an inventory of environmental and landscape resources of these lands occupations, and performs an analysis of landscape and environment impacts caused by these occupations, both on the past and currently. Finally, it discusses the possible future ways to guarantee the long term sustainability of those areas with quality of live improvement and social equity to the land occupants of those areas and related regional communities, in the social, political, geographical, and economical context. It ends up with the proposal, presentation of alternatives that configure future scenarios of conservation, recuperation and sustainable development to the \"Assentamento /\" of Sumaré, and the country land Padre Josimo based on environmental impact analysis performed. It presents the State Microbasin Agreement of Córrego Taquara Branca and Pinheirinho, as a governmental initiative that makes possible a regional landscape and environmental recuperation process, focusing at Environmental Education. It also presents for the country land Padre Josimo the programs of Ongs for country land partners as an of engaging possibility at a regional environmental conservation project aiming Environmental Education and income generation.

The thesis focuses on different habitable spaces which have been designed to promote the existence of a number of South African butterfly species. The architecture responses to the context as well as to one of the largest insect groups, the order L e p i d o p t e r a. Following a sustainable approach, more ecological knowledge is at the core of the design. Instead of human functional needs driving the design, site components respond to the indigenous spatial character, climate, topography, soils, and vegetation as well as compatibility with the existing cultural context. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Architecture / unrestricted

Packed-bed digesters are an alternative to covered lagoon digesters for methane production and anaerobic treatment of dilute wastewaters such as dairy barn flush water. The physical media of packed-beds retain biofilms, often allowing increased treatment rates. Previous studies have evaluated several types of media for digestion of dilute wastewaters, but cost and media fouling have setback commercial development. A major operational cost has been effluent recirculation pumping. In the present effort, a novel approach to anaerobic digestion of flush dairy water was developed at pilot-scale: broken walnut shells were used as a low-cost packed-bed medium and effluent recirculation was replaced by reciprocation mixing to decrease pumping costs and the risk of media clogging. Three packed-bed digesters containing walnut shells as media were constructed at the on-campus dairy and studied for about six months. Over that time, several organic loading rates (OLRs), measured as both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile solids (VS) were applied to the new packed-bed digesters to allow modeling of methane production. The influence of temperature on methane production was also investigated. Additionally, the study measured solids accumulation in the walnut shell packed-bed as well as the effectiveness and durability of walnut shells as packing media. Finally, a simple economic analysis was developed from the methane model to predict the financial feasibility of packed-bed digesters at flush water dairies under similar OLR conditions. Three methane production models were developed from organic loading: saturation-type (following the form of the Monod equation), power and linear. The models were evaluated in terms of regression analysis and the linearity of experimental to predicted methane production. The best model was then chosen to develop the economic predictions. Economic predictions for packed-bed digesters were calculated as internal rate of return (IRR) using the methane models along with additional input variables. Comparisons of IRRs were made using electric retail rates of $0.10 to $0.20 per kilowatt-hour and capital cost subsidies from zero to 50%. Sludge accumulation in the packed-bed was measured via change in porosity, and walnut shell durability was measured as the change in mass of representative walnut shells over the course of the study. The linear-type model of methane production from volatile solids OLR best represented this data set. Digester temperature was not found to influence methane production in this study, likely due to the small daily average ambient temperature range experienced (14°C to 24°C) and the greater influence of organic loading. Porosity of the walnut shell packed-bed decreased from 0.70 at startup to 0.34±0.06 at the end of the six-month study, indicating considerable media fouling. Sludge accumulated in each digester from zero at startup to 281±46 liters at termination. Walnut shells in the packed-bed lost on average 31.4±6.3% mass during the study period which may be attributed to degradation of more readily bio-degradable cellulose and hemi-cellulose within the walnut shells. Given the predicted methane production and media life, at present, the economic outlook for packed-bed digesters at commercial dairies is quite dependent on utility electrical rates, available subsidies and future improvements to packed-bed digester technology. The predicted IRRs ranged from below 0% (at 0% capital subsidy and $0.10/kWh) up to 25% (at 50% capital subsidy and $0.20/kWh) at large dairies (3000 milking cows). Increases in organic loading were not shown to necessarily increase IRR, particularly at OLRs above 10 g/Lliquid-d (as COD or VS). Ultimately, to better assess the value of packed-bed digesters for flush dairies, additional study is needed on topics such as sludge accumulation prevention, long-term walnut shell degradation, dairy barn flush water mixing, and more detailed economic analysis.

Homes proclaim our social standing and reflect the trend of the times. This project seeks to explore and redefine the relationship between modern homes and modern women who strive for mobile life styles. Modernism and globalization have brought us a new way of living that could have never been imagined before— our workspace and homes are no longer limited to a specific unit but have extended to the entire globe. The physical changes compelled by modernity have also complemented the changing role of women. Since the beginning of the 20th century, modern women have expanded their lives outside of their homes and are playing a much more active role in society. This project is designed for the modern feminist nomads—young women with international background living away from their home country—who are passionate about what they do professionally and proud of the women they are. The project will allow these women to determine what home means to them, and also allow their artifacts and concept of home to travel with them and, through the process, shape who they are. This project is a series of 5 different scales of designs: the Z-Cases, the Z-Cubes, the Z-Units, the Z-Communities, and the Z-Global Business Model. This series of designs is developed to better aid the life on the move for the feminist nomads, by making traveling , moving, and adjusting to a new community a much easier process.

This research focusses on crime prevention on farms with Transvaal Sugar Limited as a selected study. The printed media, quantitative and qualitative research principles were used to gather data and to determine to what extend crime is experienced by the respondents. The primary aim of the quantitative research principles is to investigate the nature and extent of crime on the company`s agricultural sites. Existing crime prevention measures on the different agricultural sites are also evaluated and recommendations made where necessary. Interviews with various respondents brought to the fore interesting opinions related to crime based on the empirical-phenomenological method. The support farmers received from the SAPS is discussed in full. The value of the primary physical barriers or obstructions with regard to crime prevention were emphasised in this study. Without the support of conventional electronics, together with the inputs of the human factor, physical crime prevention measures will be of little value, especially on geographical far reached agricultural estates. Farm attacks as a separate phenomenon is part of this study and serves as a comprehensive discussion regarding media reports and previous research on this subject. The ADSC crime prevention model is developed as a result of this study with the aim of contributing to the prevention of crime on farms. Good interpersonal and loyal attitudes are identified as key factors on which the farmers must concentrate in order to prevent crime. / Criminology / D. Litt. et Phil.(Criminology)

Rooted deep in Germany's past is its modern socio-political grounding for environmental respect and sustainability. This translates into individual and collective action and extends equally to the economic and policy realm as it does to educational institutions. This thesis evaluates research conducted in Germany with a view to what best approaches are transferable to the United States liberal arts setting. Furthermore, exemplary American models of institutional sustainability and environmental education are explored and combined with those from abroad to produce a blueprint and action plan fitting for the American college and university.

This research focusses on crime prevention on farms with Transvaal Sugar Limited as a selected study. The printed media, quantitative and qualitative research principles were used to gather data and to determine to what extend crime is experienced by the respondents. The primary aim of the quantitative research principles is to investigate the nature and extent of crime on the company`s agricultural sites. Existing crime prevention measures on the different agricultural sites are also evaluated and recommendations made where necessary. Interviews with various respondents brought to the fore interesting opinions related to crime based on the empirical-phenomenological method. The support farmers received from the SAPS is discussed in full. The value of the primary physical barriers or obstructions with regard to crime prevention were emphasised in this study. Without the support of conventional electronics, together with the inputs of the human factor, physical crime prevention measures will be of little value, especially on geographical far reached agricultural estates. Farm attacks as a separate phenomenon is part of this study and serves as a comprehensive discussion regarding media reports and previous research on this subject. The ADSC crime prevention model is developed as a result of this study with the aim of contributing to the prevention of crime on farms. Good interpersonal and loyal attitudes are identified as key factors on which the farmers must concentrate in order to prevent crime. / Criminology and Security Science / D. Litt. et Phil.(Criminology)

The subject of my diploma thesis is the solution of the construction of the Hotel Karpaty located near the town of Valašské Klobouky. The thesis contains an accompanying technical report, solution of transport routes, including traffic situation, time and financial plan of construction, study of implementation of main technological stages, construction site project with division into individual stages, drawing part and construction site report, design of main working machines and mechanisms, time hotel construction plan, plan for securing material resources, including budget and staff needs chart, technological regulation of monolithic ceiling structures, control and test plan for monolithic ceiling structures, design and installation of Schüco aluminum windows, design of construction measures Hotel Karpaty according to LEED standard.

Diploma thesis deals with construction-technological project of prefabricated steel hall. I put emphasis on technological process of foundation structures. The time schedule of all processes, the cost estimation budget, the inspection and testing plan and the machine set designing are also contained. The building site equipment for excavation and rough superstructure and the coordination plan drawing with transportation roads is designed.

<p>Since the 1960’s, post industrial downtowns across North America and Europe have suffered economic and population losses. Downtown revitalization theory is now a major subject in urban geography. Although each city is unique and requires customized revitalization techniques, certain approaches have worked better than others. Hamilton, Ontario, is a city of roughly 520,000 located just outside the Greater Toronto Area. Its downtown has struggled since the 1970’s. In the last ten years, however, certain areas of downtown have shown signs of revitalization. Conversation about this change has largely focused on attracting creative industries. King Street, Hamilton’s most downtown street, has yet to experience significant improvement, but is surrounded by changing areas and expected to follow suit. This study looks at two theories of revitalization: the Creative Capital theory, and the Main Street approach. It also discusses commercial gentrification. City officials and business owners along King Street were interviewed about what they expect for King Street downtown. Business owners, this study found, are underutilized agents of revitalization in the area. They want and expect the area to improve, but have yet to make significant changes to their own establishments. More could be done to include incumbent business owners in King Street's revitalization processes in Hamilton, and to acknowledge them as agents of change within the commercial gentrification literature.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)