A atuação do setor produtivo no cenário ambiental e a crescente preocupação com o meio ambiente acarretam uma pressão, dos diferentes atores sociais, que recai sobre o setor produtivo em geral. Existem também as novas pressões comercial/ ambiental dos países chamados ecosensíveis. Neste cenário, as empresas veem-se cada vez mais obrigadas, pelos mecanismos legais ou pela pressão social, a adaptarem-se aos novos padrões de comportamento, adotando políticas e planejamento empresarial ambientalmente corretos. Em decorrência de todos os avanços da ciência e tecnologia na mitigação e prevenção dos passivos ambientais, as mudanças no setor produtivo não tardaram a acontecer. Obviamente, o processo de adequação às normas e legislação ambiental ainda não está presente em 100% das indústrias brasileiras. Ao contrário, verifica-se, sobretudo nas empresas de pequeno e médio portes, um distanciamento na introdução de medidas de adequação ambiental em seus processos produtivos. Atualmente, percebe-se uma tendência das grandes empresas em associar seus produtos a uma imagem institucional de respeito ao meio ambiente. Essa preocupação exige novas atitudes em razão das consequências que a atividade econômica tem sobre o meio natural. Na esteira de tal processo, a implantação dos sistemas de gestão ambiental se revela como uma ferramenta para minimizar os efeitos negativos da indústria. Este trabalho objetiva identificar os fatores que determinam as mudanças de paradigma das indústrias, em geral, e mais especificamente, no setor de perfumaria e cosméticos da indústria paulista. O setor de perfumaria e cosméticos foi escolhido por representar um ramo crescente da indústria química, que investe em tecnologias e busca firmar, através de algumas grandes corporações, uma imagem ambientalmente aceita no cenário nacional e internacional. Outro fator que justifica essa escolha é o seu crescimento econômico verificado nas duas últimas décadas, apresentando dados consideráveis na geração de empregos diretos e indiretos, na balança comercial brasileira, além de sua extensa cadeia de fornecedores. / The performance of the productive sector in environmental scenario and the growing concern for the environment cause a pressure of different social actors, which falls on the productive sector in general. There are also new pressures on trade/ environment of the countries called \"ecosensíveis\". In this scenario, companies have increasingly seen themselves obliged, either by legal mechanisms, or by social pressure, adapt to new patterns of behavior, policies and adopting environmentally friendly business planning. Because of all the advances in science and technology in the mitigation and prevention of environmental changes in the manufacturing sector did not take long to happen. Obviously, the process of regulatory compliance and environmental legislation is not yet present in 100% of Brazilian industries, on the contrary, there is, especially small and medium-sized gap in an introduction of environmental adequacy in their production processes. Currently, we can see a trend of large companies to link their products to the institutional image of respect for the environment. This concern requires new attitudes because of the impact that economic activity has on the natural environment. Following this process, the implementation of environmental management systems is revealed as a tool to minimize the negative effects of industry. Focusing on this issue, this paper aims to identify the factors that determine the paradigm shifts of the industries in general, but more specifically in the sector of perfumery and cosmetics industry in São Paulo.The Perfumes and Cosmetics sector was chosen because it represents a growing sector of the chemical industry, which invests in technology and seeks to establish some large corporations through a imaging environmentally accepted in national and international scene. Another factor that justifies this choice is its economic growth seen in the last two decades, with considerable data to generate direct and indirect jobs in the Brazilian trade balance, in addition to its extensive supply chain.

Le présent travail de recherche a pour objet de concevoir, de développer et d'expérimenter un outil de mesure de la performance des systèmes de management environnemental (SME) des entreprises. S'il existe déjà différents outils de mesure de cette dernière, ceux-ci différent selon les contingences des entreprises (l'environnement de ces dernières étant par nature différent), sont difficilement (voire pas du tout) transposables d'une entreprise à l'autre et interdisent toute comparaison interentreprises (voire inter-sites au sein d'une même entreprise) des SME mis en oeuvre. L'apport de la démarche de modélisation et d'ingénierie proposée réside ainsi dans la formalisation d'une méthode de mesure de la performance des SME reposant sur l'amélioration de la mesure dela conformité règlementaire des entreprises. De la méthode découle un outil opérationnel ayant vocation à être utilisé par l'ensemble des entreprises, ce, quelle que soit leur forme (centralisée ou décentralisée sur de nombreux sites), leur branche d'activité, le nombre de salariés, etc. Cet outil propose de mesurer la performance du SME au travers de ses principales dimensions, notamment, la maîtrise de la conformité règlementaire, normative et interne, l'analyse environnementale et enfin l'élaboration d'un plan d'actions correctives et proactives ainsi que le suivi de sa mise en oeuvre, ce dans une perspective d'amélioration continue. L'originalité de cette démarche réside dans la prise en compte des interrelations existant entre ces différentes dimensions en vue d'enrichir les systèmes classiques de mesure de la performance. / The current research aims to conceive, develop and experiment a tool to measure performance in environmental management systems (EMS). Although different tools already exist, they differ from one company to another depending on contingencies (their environment being different), are difficult (and sometimes impossible) to apply from one firm to another and prevent from making inter-firms (or inter-sites within the same company) comparisons between different EMS. The contribution of the modelling and engineering approach developed in this thesis lies in the formalisation of a new method of measurement of performance in EMS based on the improvement of the measure of regulatory compliance in companies.This specific method leads to the introduction of an operational tool aiming to be used by all companies, whatever their structures (centralised or decentralised over different sites), their activity, their amount of employees, etc. This tool offers to measure the EMS performance, in a continuous perspective of improvement, through its key dimensions, and in particular through, the mastering of regulatory (normative and internal) compliance, the environmental analysis and the elaboration of a planning for proactive andcorrective actions as well as the follow-up of its implementation. Overall, the novelty of this approach results from the particular emphasise put on interrelations existing between those different dimensions in order to enhance standard systems of performance measurement.

Increasing environmental awareness and an acceptance of accountability by the public and by businesses internationally and locally, could motivate organisations to adopt Environmental Management as part of their operations. The new direction the tourism and related industries are obliged to follow, in accordance with new government initiatives, will require responsibility in terms of the environment, management of the impacts these activities have on the environment and a commitment to the philosophy of sustainable development. Even though international standards and benchmarks for Environmental Management exist for the hotel industry, standards and guidelines do not yet exist for the South African environment. Furthermore, guidelines for an Environmental Management System in accordance with ISO 14001 have not yet been drafted for this industry, either internationally or locally. The aim of this study is to compile a guideline document for the implementation of Operational Environmental Management in accordance with the requirements of an ISO 14001 Environmental Management System. Three South African hotels, belonging to a local group of hotels but with international exposure, were researched as case studies to establish the impacts hotels may have on the environment. Literature on Environmental Management was studied to extract the requirements for Environmental Management, and combined with the requirements for the establishment of an Environmental Management System as prescribed by ISO 14001. The research confirmed that hotel activities, facilities and services impact on the environment. Environmental Management procedures previously documented for hotels have not been incorporated into an ISO 14001 Environmental Management System. The study successfully combined Environmental Management procedures for the environmental impacts identified for hotel activities, facilities and services with the procedures of establishing an ISO 14001 Environmental Management System. In summary, hotels have activities, facilities and services that impact significantly on the environment, but these significant impacts are site-specific. Detailed site-specific assessments should be undertaken when implementing this guideline for specific hotels, to establish the significance of each of the environmental impacts in relation to the site that is studied. Further studies should adapt this guideline document to the different accommodation types offered in the hospitality industry to ensure that an ISO 14000 Environmental Management System can be implemented at each of these accommodation types. / Dissertation (ML(Landscape Architecture))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Architecture / unrestricted

The main goal of the diploma thesis is to specify the main benefits of the implementation of the Enviromental Management System and to find out other information about the already implemented EMS. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part is clarified the term Environmental Management System, its history and standards for the EMS. In the practical part the questionary is presented as the method of the obtaining data from the concrete organisations. At the same time the answers of the respondents are analysed. The end of the thesis also includes the comparison of the study with the analoguous studies from the past.

There is extensive research about environmental management system present today. Mainly focused on the private sector and research about how environmental management system within the public sector has not been conducted in the same extent. To contribute with increased knowledge in this area we have conducted a case study about Stockholm county and its work with environmental management system. The study shows amongst other things that environmental management system could lead to positive effect on the environmental work. Though it does not automatically lead to a well preformed environmental work, the content of the environmental management system is what seems to most important.

This work considers with environmental aspects and impacts of manufacture in SLB spol. s r.o. (spol. s r.o. means Ltd) company. Output of this work can be used for starting environmental management system in this company. It contains abstract of base legal demands which refers to SLB spol. s r.o. and short declaration of their fulfilling. In the end of the work there are drafts to antipollution measures.

This report is written as a thesis for a degree of master. In this report you can read about increasing demands from customers that want their suppliers to be certified by some type of standard, like ISO 9001 and ISO 14001. ISO 9001 is a standard of requirements for implementing a quality management system within an organisation and is built on seven main principles which the organization need to fulfil. ISO 14001 is a standard of requirements for implementing an environmental management system and is like ISO 9001 built on seven main principles. Implementation and the work with the standards are based of the PDCA-cycle. The thesis is made together with AGES Kulltorp AB, a company based in Kulltorp, Värnamo. They supply diecasted and machined products in aluminium and has realised that they are in need to get certified by ISO 14001 and needs an effectivization of their quality management system according to ISO 9001. To be able to implement a standard of this kind, it requires an involved, determined management team and an acceptance that work will be time and resource consuming. The organizations shall also be able to accept changes and the employees must be motivated and empowered to simplify the implementation. This report determines most of the theories from academic work by the practical work of updating the whole management system at AGES Kulltorp to fulfil all the requirements of ISO 9001 and ISO 14001. This report will also state what type of documents and routines that is required for the quality and environmental management system. The report will also describe how AGES Kulltorp made their journey against effectivisation of ISO 9001 and certification of ISO 14001. The survey that were performed at AGES Kulltorp expose most of the internal obstacles that the company must work with to be able to fully implement the management system to the organization.

There are many reasons why smaller businesses should have an environmental management system, but also many difficulties, such as limitations in the time and resources available, and the size of the environmental impacts. How can a small business providing intellectual services make environmental improvements by creating and implementing an environmental management system (EMS)? This report is a case study on how to create an EMS. It was carried out with the management consultancy Radical Sports Management (RSM), a UK registered company based in Chamonix, France. Background studies on EMS, international standards of certifications of EMS, green procurement and carbon offsetting were carried out. With this background knowledge an EMS was developed in association with the company on site in Chamonix, France, and by correspondence. The environmental management system itself included An environmental policy A baseline assessment where the activities were divided into different areas, and their environmental aspects were scored from 1-5 on significance, potential and manageability to separate the more relevant aspects from the not so relevant. The process revealed that the most important environmental aspects were linked to production and handling of waste, transport and development of sports equipment. An investigation of the concerned legislation in France (which handles waste and chemicals) A research of how to decrease the environmental impact of relevant aspects An action plan where the chosen solutions to the environmental problems and the environmental targets were listed together with the methods to implement these and make them functional A monitoring document where the management can rate the progress of the different actions An auditing document to aid in the evaluation of the EMS Recommendations of how to make continuous improvements The following conclusions were made during this project: A small actor is dependent on its partners, suppliers, and other actors around it. It can make a difference by influencing its partners by providing information to open their eyes to existing possibilities and supporting them when they choose to take steps towards environmental solutions. The input from both management and employees is vital to have an organic EMS that evolves with the company. Establishing responsibilities at all levels of the enterprise is an effective method to reach a higher level of involvement, but it is also important that there is a feedback in the system, and lines of communications that are in function. The level of detail, the number and size of improvements to be made, the cost of the improvements and the documentation of the EMS must be kept at a level where it feels manageable to the company. Environmental Management Systems Tove Fritzell For a company such as RSM, that doesn’t have any large costs of material, energy and handling emissions and waste, the primary benefits of the EMS will be competitive advantage, attracting new customers and markets; and improved image towards public, regulators, investors and lenders, which make communication, marketing and advertising essential. Quantification of activities associated to environmental is important to perform a good baseline assessment, achieve better target formulations, monitoring and reviews of environmental performance.

There has been an increased awareness of the current problems regarding the environmental changes in the world. Companies are acknowledging these problems more and more to try and prevent the heavy pollution humans contribute. The metal industry is one of the highest emitters in the world because its manufacturing, production, and processing require substantial amounts of energy. While the pressure of addressing environmental issues has been on the bigger companies in history, the smaller ones are being caught up in the same pressure from customers and partners. Because of the raised awareness of the environmental impact, even the smaller companies, which are low on environmental impact alone but substantial when defined as a whole market, are more often required to implement an environmental management system. However, the limitations of resources are different for smaller companies. There is no structured way to work towards a certification in ISO 14001 with the barriers that might limit them. This study has its focus on gathering information in a qualitative mean to interpret and generalize the reality of smaller companies in the metal industry. By doing so, the main goal is to investigate the barriers that appear for the management when implementing an EMS according to ISO 14001 and identify the potential procedures taken to reach the end goal of certification. The results of this study are that companies don’t face the barrier of economic resources and the true barrier is the interpretation of costs. The implementation of a certified EMS is a long-term investment and generates money through continuous improvements and creates a business opportunity by opening a new market to customers with ISO 14001 requirements. Knowledge was a barrier and the change in ISO 14001 being more compatible with previous quality certification ISO 9001 helped the implementation.

Legal aspects of EMAS in the Czech Republic Abstract This diploma thesis is focused on "Legal aspects of EMAS in the Czech Republic". The aim of this diploma thesis is to characterize EMAS, analyse its legal aspects, both at the EU level and in the Czech Republic, and based on a study of relevant legislation and other sources comprehensively evaluate the legal aspects of EMAS in the Czech Republic afterwards. For purposes of introduction of the topic the introductory part is dedicated to environmental protection instruments in general while voluntary instruments, which include EMAS, are presented in more detail, and the second part is dedicated to environmental management systems. The third part of the diploma thesis analyses the key legislation of EMAS at the EU level, both its development and de lege lata regulation, and its other legal and other contexts, including an analysis of the legal context of EMAS in selected European countries. That three parts simultaneously comprise the characteristics of EMAS. Fourth part of the diploma thesis is dedicated to the legal aspects of EMAS in the Czech Republic, in the first place in the form of analysis of these aspects in a similar structure as in the case of legal aspects contained in the third part and my evaluation of these aspects afterwards. The diploma...