nÃo hà / O objetivo desse estudo à investigar como os preceitos legais de sustentabilidade ambiental sÃo incorporados à estrutura e prÃticas institucionais da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, tomando seu Centro de Tecnologia como estudo de caso. Constam, no desenvolvimento do trabalho, dados sobre a existÃncia de uma PolÃtica Ambiental e de um Plano de Gerenciamento de ResÃduos na UFC, alÃm da descriÃÃo da geraÃÃo, gerenciamento e destinaÃÃo dos resÃduos laboratoriais do CT â UFC. O trabalho contempla, ainda, a descriÃÃo dos componentes ambientais constantes nos Projetos PolÃticos PedagÃgicos (PPPâs) dos cursos de graduaÃÃo do CT â UFC. Como procedimentos metodolÃgicos utilizamos a anÃlise de documentos oficiais da instituiÃÃo, a aplicaÃÃo de formulÃrios nos laboratÃrios do CT-UFC e entrevista. O trabalho foi realizado entre os meses de fevereiro de 2012 e janeiro de 2014. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a UFC se encontra, ainda, no patamar de concepÃÃo e implantaÃÃo de polÃticas e programas ambientais. / Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate how the legal precepts of environmental sustainability are incorporated into the institutional structure and practices of the Federal University of CearÃ, taking its Technology Center as a case study. Listed in the development of work there are data on the existence of an Environmental Policy and a Waste Management Plan in the UFC, beyond the description of the generation, management and disposal of laboratory waste of the TC - UFC. The work also includes a description of the environmental components listed in Political Pedagogical Projects (PPPs) of undergraduate courses of TC - UFC. The methodological procedures involved analysis of official documents of the institution, application of forms in the laboratories of TC - UFC and interviews. The study was conducted between the months of February 2012 and January 2014. The research results indicate that the UFC is currently at a level of design and implementation of environmental policies and programs

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-02-22T21:30:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Fernando Rodrigues Pinto.pdf: 1161647 bytes, checksum: 3d06b04d5495e820cae1a590d3e7d7ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T21:30:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Fernando Rodrigues Pinto.pdf: 1161647 bytes, checksum: 3d06b04d5495e820cae1a590d3e7d7ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-30 / The automotive industry is known to develop methodologies and practices that, subsequent, they are adopted by companies of other sectors. The growing concern about environmental preservation has encouraged vehicle manufactures to extend environmental practices to their suppliers, among them the Environmental Management System. Such mobilization suggests that companies would be in the right way to achieve high level of Industrial Ecology. This research objective is to analyze Industrial Ecology in the Brazilian automotive sector, through the compliance with the Environmental Management System requirements. Specifically aims: to identify types of Industrial Ecology and its variables; to assess the use of Industrial Ecology resources and compliance for each Environmental Management System requirement and; to verify the relation of Environmental Management System with the evolutive levels of Industrial Ecology. The method adopted to reach this objective was a survey in companies of Brazilian automotive sector. The results have shown signs that companies are at initial level in the evolutive scale of Industrial Ecology. The main contribution of this research consists in developing a relation model of constructs, Environmental Management System and types of Industrial Ecology that can measure the contributions and relations of the respective constructs for companies inside and outside the automotive sector. / A indústria automotiva é conhecida por desenvolver metodologias que, posteriormente, são adotadas por empresas de outros setores. A crescente preocupação com a preservação do meio ambiente tem estimulado as grandes montadoras a disseminar, para seus fornecedores, a importância da adoção de práticas ambientais, entre elas o Sistema de Gestão Ambiental. Tal mobilização sugere que as empresas estejam no caminho certo para alcançar um elevado nível de Ecologia Industrial. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar a Ecologia Industrial no setor automotivo brasileiro, por meio do atendimento aos requisitos do Sistema de Gestão Ambiental. Em específico visa: identificar os tipos de Ecologia Industrial e suas variáveis; avaliar a utilização de recursos da Ecologia Industrial e o atendimento a cada requisito de Sistema de Gestão Ambiental e; verificar a relação entre Sistema de Gestão Ambiental com os níveis evolutivos de Ecologia Industrial. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada para alcançar esse objetivo foi a survey em empresas do setor automotivo brasileiro, com certificação ISO 14001. Os resultados apontaram indícios de que as empresas estão posicionadas no estágio inicial da escala evolutiva da Ecologia Industrial. A principal contribuição dessa pesquisa reside na elaboração do modelo das relações dos constructos, Sistema de Gestão Ambiental e tipos de Ecologia Industrial que podem medir as contribuições e as relações dos respectivos constructos, para empresas certificadas ISO 14001 do setor automotivo ou mesmo fora dele.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to propose an environmental management system for a Winery within the perspective of ISO 14001, as a situational diagnosis made in the company from November 2008 to May 2009. This is a case study, which used a qualitative approach. The media used were literature and field research. This work was characterized as descriptive and explanatory. The data for the study, were collected through primary sources (unstructured interview, questionnaire for the company s technical director, on-site observation) and secondary (company s legal documents and publications relevant to research). In order to confirm and validate the information provided, the researchers recorded photographic observations in the environment of the organization during the 2009 harvest and construction of flow charts of the processes of wine. The data collected and analized were showed scope for improvement through implementation of an environmental management system. It is based on a set of actions related to production processes of the organization and health management, safety and environmental protection. The study further demonstrates the importance of environmental management it s presented, a survey of environmental aspects and impacts provokated by the activities of the winery and actions that the company has been adopting for the beneficts of the environment. After this diagnosis, it was suggested an environmental policy with goals and targets for the winery. It is understood that the first step to implement a environmental management system in the company s awareness of the Executive Department of the importance of environmental issues. This proposed model is extended to other industries in the wine sector / Este estudo objetivou propor um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental para uma vinícola sob a ótica da ISO 14001, a partir do diagnóstico situacional realizado na empresa no período de novembro de 2008 a maio de 2009. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, que utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa. Os meios de investigação utilizados foram a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa de campo. Com relação aos fins, este trabalho foi caracterizado como descritivo e explicativo. Quanto aos dados para a realização do estudo, estes foram coletados através de fontes primárias (entrevista não-estruturada; questionário aplicado para o diretor técnico da empresa; observação in loco) e secundárias (documentos legais da empresa e diversas publicações pertinentes à pesquisa). Visando a confirmação e validação das informações fornecidas, foram realizados registros fotográficos, observações no ambiente da organização durante a safra 2009 e construção de fluxogramas dos processos da Vinícola. Os dados coletados e analisados demonstraram possibilidades de melhorias mediante implantação de um sistema de gestão ambiental na organização. O Sistema proposto constitui-se num conjunto de ações relacionadas aos processos de produção da organização e gestão dos assuntos de saúde, segurança e proteção ambiental. O estudo, além de demonstrar a importância da gestão ambiental, apresentou o levantamento dos aspectos e impactos ambientais provocados pelas atividades da Vinícola e ações que a empresa já vem adotando em prol do meio ambiente. Após a realização deste diagnóstico, foi sugerida uma política ambiental, com objetivos e metas ambientais para Vinícola. Entende-se que o passo inicial para implantação de um sistema de gestão ambiental na empresa é a sensibilização do Conselho Administrativo para a importância das questões ambientais. Este modelo proposto é extensivo a outras indústrias do setor vitivinícola.

This Thesis focuses on the current issues of environmental protection in industrial enterprises and it presents options and approaches to environmental protection, including the effect on competitiveness. The intention is to summarise problems and justify benefits for the company in terms of continually increasing efficiency and competitiveness. The Thesis is the inspiration for manufacturing enterprises and shows the way how to actively contribute to environmental protection. The conclusions lead to the integration of environmental knowledge and principles of environmental protection into the company strategy.

This thesis focuses on the analysis of environmental audit instruments in economic terms. It is primarily aimed at assessing the effectiveness of this tool for entrepreneurs. The first stage of work is focused on the concept and definition of environmental audit and its history. This study then reports an analysis of benefits and costs of the environmental management system which is a prerequisite for setting auditing ISO 14001 and EMAS. The practical part of this thesis contains two case studies of specific examples of audits based on ISO certification.

The diploma thesis provides proposal to implementation of environmental management system according to ISO 14001 into the Diafrikt Compponents s.r.o. subject of business of this firm is production of metal-ceramic friction materials. There were analyzed a performance of requirements ISO 14001 standards and the diploma thesis proposes the process of implementation of these requirements into the management system. The basic processes and documents as environmental policy, targets and target values were defined. Based on this analysis, the company takes an integrated view of their access to anvironmental care and the suggestions and guidance of the continual improvement of its environmental profile was provided.

O crescimento da atividade industrial, com a conseqüente geração de maior quantidade de poluentes, aliado ao aumento das exigências da sociedade por um ambiente adequado para a qualidade de vida impulsionam o desenvolvimento de novas formas de gestão em processos produtivos. Os organismos normalizadores criaram normas técnicas e estratégias de orientação às empresas visando o desenvolvimento de formas de gestão que procuram a melhoria contínua aliada à vertente ambiental. A norma certificável da Série ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 14000 - Gestão Ambiental, relacionada ao Sistema de Gestão Ambiental (SGA), é a ISO 14.001, aplicável a qualquer tipo e porte de organização. Neste contexto, há outras estratégias voltadas para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental de processos produtivos, sendo a Produção mais Limpa (P+L) uma das que possui maior reconhecimento mundial. Esta foi criada pela UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) e pode ser definida como uma estratégia ambiental preventiva aplicada a produtos, processos e serviços para minimizar os impactos sobre o meio ambiente. Contudo, as normas e as metodologias relacionadas a esses sistemas não apresentam procedimentos detalhados para a sua realização. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo é o levantamento e análise de métodos, ferramentas e procedimentos (denominados neste estudo como práticas) de SGA e P+L, para suprir a lacuna identificada, e indicar possibilidades de interação dessas estratégias. A metodologia foi baseada na revisão bibliográfica, principalmente a sistemática. A análise das práticas frente às etapas do SGA e da P+L foi feita a partir do cruzamento dos objetivos das etapas dos sistemas com os objetivos de cada prática. Os resultados obtidos envolvem a indicação de práticas para aplicação nas etapas propostas de P+L e do SGA e, a partir disso, a identificação de etapas comuns e complementares entre os sistemas. Foram levantadas 73 práticas, sendo 43 aplicadas e discutidas no estudo. A maioria das práticas foram classificadas nas etapas de levantamento de aspectos ambientais, monitoramento e medição e à melhoria ou medição do desempenho ambiental vinculados à implementação tanto de um sistema de gestão ambiental, quanto da estratégia de P+L. O estudo demonstrou que faltam práticas relacionadas às etapas iniciais de ambos os sistemas (fase inicial de planejamento), ligadas a requisitos legais, documentação e ações corretivas e de não conformidades para o SGA e para elaboração de cronograma de atividades, fluxogramas e implementação das medidas de P+L. As principais interações apontadas pelo estudo a partir das práticas levantadas foram: Levantamento de Aspectos ambientais do SGA com a etapa de Balanços de massa e energia de P+L; a etapa de Monitoramento e medição do SGA com a etapa de Avaliação técnica, ambiental e econômica de P+L; e as etapas de Auditoria interna e Avaliação de resultados do SGA com as etapas de Avaliação dos resultados e Plano de monitoramento e continuidade de P+L. Portanto, foi possível concluir que a aplicação de um dos sistemas poderia facilitar o andamento e implementação do outro e vice-versa, além de se complementarem para atingirem melhor gestão ambiental em processos, produtos ou serviços. Além disso, há a necessidade de maiores estudos para validação das interações apresentadas. / The growth of industrial activity, with consequent generation of higher amount of pollutants, coupled with increased demands from society for a suitable environment for quality of life motivated the development of new forms of management in production processes. The standardization organizations have established technical standards and strategies to guide companies seeking to develop ways of managing that pursue continuous improvement, coupled with the environmental aspects. The certifiable standard of the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 14000 series - Environmental Management, is ISO 14001, related to the Environmental Management System (EMS) and applicable to any type and size of organizations. In this context, there are other strategies for improving the environmental quality of production processes, and Cleaner Production (CP), is one of which that has greater worldwide recognition. This strategy was established by UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) and can be defined as a preventive environmental strategy applied to products, processes and services to minimize impacts on the environment. However, standards and methodologies related to these systems do not present detailed procedures for its implementation. Thus, the objective of the study is a survey and analysis of EMS and CP methods, tools and procedures (named in this study as practices) to fill the gap identified, and indicate possibilities for incorporating these strategies. The methodology was based on literature review, mainly of the systematic survey of practices. The analysis of practices compared to the EMS and CP steps was made relating the objective of these steps with the goals of each practice. The results involve the appointment of practices for implementing the steps proposed by CP and EMS and, the identification of common and complementary steps between systems. A total of 73 practices were raised and 43 were applied and discussed in the study. Most of the practices were classified in steps of environmental assessment, monitoring and measuring and improving or measuring the environmental performance linked to the implementation of both an environmental management system and the strategy of CP. The study showed that there is a lack of practices related to the initial phases of both systems (the early planning stages), relating to legal requirements, documentation and corrective actions, non-conformance to the EMS and to elaborate schedule of activities, flow and implementation of CP measures.The main possible interactions identified by the study were: Environmental aspects step of EMS with Mass and energy balances step of CP; Monitoring and measurement step of EMS with Technical, environmental and economic evaluation step of CP; and Internal audit and Outcome assessment steps of the EMS with Evaluation of results and Monitoring plan and continuity steps of CP. Thus, it is possible to conclude that implementing one of the systems could facilitate the progress and implementation of the other and vice versa, besides complementing to achieve better environmental management in processes, products or services. Moreover, there is a need for further studies to validate the interactions presented.

The thesis focuses on one particular organization and analyzes its options for introducing an integrated management system. The author takes a close look at the processes of that organization, and makes a list of all the important things that are related to the processes (including their limits and conditions) and that should be carefully considered when the directives and regulations of the organization are being made.

Håbohus AB är en kommunägd fastighetsverksamhet i Bålsta, detta examensarbete behandlar framtagandet av ett miljöledningssystem för dess verksamhet. Miljöledningssystemet är uppbyggt enligt standarden Svensk Miljöbas. Omvärlden, så som kunder och leverantörer, ställer allt högre krav på att företag och organisationer ska arbeta med miljöfrågor, samt att detta miljöarbete ska redovisas på ett tydligt sätt. Genom att utarbeta ett miljöledningssystem kan verksamheter minska sin miljöpåverkan och göra ekonomiska vinster. Håbohus strävar kontinuerligt efter att minimera sin negativa miljöpåverkan och genom att utforma och implementera ett miljöledningssystem får de ett användbart verktyg i detta arbete. Genom att använda sig av ett miljöledningssystem kan miljöarbetet läggas upp på ett strukturerat sätt. Ett miljöledningssystem ska innehåller en redovisning av hur verksamheten arbetar med sina miljöfrågor i nuläget, vilka mål och ambitioner som verksamheten har samt en handlingsplan som visar hur företaget ska arbeta för att nå sina miljömål. Ett krav i miljöstandarden är att verksamheten ständigt ska sträva mot förbättring av miljöarbetet. Miljöledningssystemet blir som benämningen antyder en vägledning för verksamheter som siktar mot en mer ekologiskt hållbar organisation. Detta system tydliggör och effektiviserar verksamhetens miljöarbete. Examensarbetet kommer även att kort beskriva två av det vanligast förekommande miljöledningssystemen i Sverige ISO 14001 och EMAS, för att sedan jämföra dessa med Svensk Miljöbas. Miljöledningssystemet enligt standarden Svensk Miljöbas var det system som valdes för Håbohus, detta eftersom standarden passar väl för ett mindre företag. Svensk Miljöbas är utformad så att den är enkel att komplettera för att nå ISO certifiering eller diplomering enligt EMAS om detta skulle önskas i framtiden. I detta arbete beskrivs främst hur ett miljöledningsystemenligt enligt Svensk miljöbas är uppbyggt samt en redogörelse över Håbohus nuvarande miljöarbete. Arbetet avslutas med en gapanalys samt övriga förbättringsförslag. Gapanalysen beskriver hur Håbohus ska fortsätta att arbeta med sitt miljöledningssystem för att i framtiden kunna bli diplomerade enligt Svensk Miljöbas. / Håbohus continually strives to minimize their negative environmental impact and through the creation and implementation of an environmental management system they receive a useful tool in this important work. By making use of an environmental management system, the environmental work will be organized in a structured way. An environmental management system includes, a description of how the business works with environmental issues at this time, further it is demonstrating the company’s environmental goals and aspirations of its operations, it also includes action plans showing how the company will work to achieve their goals and to continually improve its environmental performance. The environmental management system is a guide for businesses that are aiming towards a more sustainable organization. This system clarifies and rationalizes the environmental work at the company. This thesis will further describe two of the most common environmental management systems used in Sweden ISO 14001 and EMAS and then compare these two with the standard Svensk Miljöbas. The environmental management system according to the standard Svensk Miljöbas was the system that was developed for Håbohus, this because the standard is well suited for smaller companies. The standard Svensk Miljöbas can also be complemented in order to achieve ISO certification or to get an EMAS diploma if this would be desired in the future. This thesis mainly focus on describing how an environmental management system according to the standard Svensk Miljöbas is composed, and then follows a description of Håbohus current environmental management efforts. The work is then finalized by a gap analysis and further suggestions for improvements. The gap analysis is describing how Håbohus will continue to work with its environmental management system to eventually be able to be certified according to Svensk Miljöbas.

Som ett universitet som har erhållit bottenbetyg bland statliga myndigheter 2009 har KTH idag en vision om att bli ett av Europas ledande universitet inom miljö och hållbar utveckling. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka KTH:s energianvändning utifrån ett systemperspektiv med delsyftet att resultatet ska kunna användas som ett underlag med konkreta förbättringsförslag. För att uppnå detta har en energikartläggning av KTH:s skolor och nulägesbeskrivning utförts. Vidare har en intervjustudie genomförts för att erhålla en fördjupning i det energiarbete KTH och Akademiska Hus bedriver i dagsläget. Kartläggningen har påvisat minskning i energianvändningen i samtliga skolor, där ABE-skolan under 2015 visar en förbrukning på 3988 MWh vilket innebär en minskning på ca 30 % mot 2011 (5690 MWh). ICT-skolan uppvisar lägst minskning med ca 8 %. KTH:s skolors totala energianvändning kommandes från fastigheter uppgår till ca 188 GWh. Resultatet av examensarbetet visar på att KTH:s miljöarbete tidigare inte har legat på en tillfredsställande nivå samt att den befintliga hyresmodellen mellan KTH och Akademiska Hus inte skapar incitament för förbättringar i energifrågan från KTH:s sida. Vidare framkommer det att Akademiska Hus och KTH har haft olika ambitionsnivåer i energifrågan, samt att energirapporteringsverktyget som KTH har till sitt förfogande har tydliga förbättringspotentialer, där avskiljning av fastighets - och verksamhetsel är ett av dem. Detta skulle tillåta tydligare uppföljningar av uppsatta energimål inom KTH vilket idag inte är fallet. Några av de förbättringsförslag som slutsatsen landar i kan sammanfattas som: Tillskapa en motpart på KTH till energistrategrollen på AH, vilket skulle förenkla kommunikationen mellan parterna och lyfta fram energifrågan inom KTH. Starta en diskussion kring hyresmodellen och förbättra den så att incitament kan skapas främst för KTH.  Utveckla ett förbättrat energirapporteringsverktyg. / As a University that has been low rated amongst government agencies 2009, today KTH has a vision to become one of Europe’s leading universities in sustainable development. The aim with this paper is to investigate the energy consumption at KTH from a systems perspective. Another purpose is that the result could be used as a guideline for future work. The paper involves mapping of the energy consumption in the schools of KTH and a description of the current state regarding the energy work. Further, an interview survey has been performed in order to achieve a better understanding of how Akademiska Hus and KTH relates to the energy topic. The mapping shows that all schools shows a reduction in their energy consumptions, where ABE by the year 2015 has an energy consumption of 3988 MWh which is a decrease by 30 % compared to 2011 (5690 MWh). The lowest reduction is shown by ICT which counts to 8 %. The total energy consumption coming from facilities at KTH is counted to approx. 188 GWh. The result of this paper shows that the environmental work of KTH have not been on a satisfying level and that the current rental model between KTH and Akademiska Hus does not encourage progress in the energy topic at KTH. Further, it is proven that Akademiska Hus and KTH have different levels of ambition in the energy matter, and that the energy reporting tool that is provided to KTH has clear improvement potentials, where a distinction between property – and operation electric is one of them. This would allow clearer follow-ups of the energy goals in KTH, which is not the case today. A summary of improvement suggestions from the conclusions of the study are:   Create a counterpart at KTH to the energy strategist at AH that could facilitate the communication between the parties and highlight the energy issues at KTH.   Start a discussion concerning the rental model and improve it, to create incentives for energy savings mainly at the KTH side.   Develop and introduced an improved energy reporting tool.