Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2019-01-23T11:49:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Josieni Pereira de Barros.pdf: 1175399 bytes, checksum: b1b307c03889b30b3cd67f95cd45fc77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-23T11:49:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Josieni Pereira de Barros.pdf: 1175399 bytes, checksum: b1b307c03889b30b3cd67f95cd45fc77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-20 / A presente tese propõe-se a apresentar a tributação ambiental, pautada na extrafiscalidade, como uma fundamental política pública de fomento ao desenvolvimento sustentável, de modo a estimular outros atores não estatais na cooperação para a gestão da sustentabilidade. Pretende-se, com esta abordagem, demonstrar a possibilidade de atuação da política fiscal ambiental e a instituição de ecotributos como uma ação global e local para a implementação de pontuais Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), especialmente os objetivos 11 e 12. Para atingir tal propósito, demonstrou-se a participação dos atores subnacionais como mecanismo da governança ambiental global. A pesquisa analisou o efeito dessa participação na solução de problemas comuns, crescentes na era globalizada e no mundo pós-moderno, onde os conceitos tradicionais do direito internacional são insuficientes para a tratativa dos problemas líquidos que permeiam a atualidade. Verificou-se essa mudança de paradigma pelo viés da tributação ambiental e da cooperação internacional local, estabelecendo a criação de ecotributos como instrumento essencial para fomento da produção, do consumo e das cidades sustentáveis. / The present thesis aims to present environmental taxation, based on extrafiscality, as a fundamental public policy to promote sustainable development, in order to stimulate other non-state actors to cooperate towards sustainable management. This approach sets out to demonstrate the viability of environmental fiscal policy and the creation of greentaxes as global and local action to implement specific Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), especially goals 11 and 12. To this end, this study establishes the participation of subnational actors as a mechanism for global environmental governance. The study examined the effect of this participation in solving common problems, increased in the globalized era and in the postmodern world, where traditional concepts of international law have proved insufficient to deal with liquid problems. This change of paradigm was observed through environmental taxation and local international cooperation, establishing the creation of greentaxes as a fundamental instrument to promote production, consumption and sustainable cities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Nieves Barreira.pdf: 969684 bytes, checksum: b8dd4e09391c1fe39324724a887eafb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-08 / This dissertation aims to demonstrate that the Republic Constitution protects the value ecologically balanced environment, understood as the balance between being and environment, depending on natural selection, as a condition to healthy living. For the realization of constitutional values, the Highest Law imposes to political entities the duty to grant preferential treatment to products and services, and their development and delivery processes, as the environmental impact they cause to the environment. The tribute is an outstanding instrument to the protection of ecologically balanced environment, providing the environmental and tributaries principles of the Constitution that delimit the scope of environmental taxation, creating an environmental tax constitutional subsystem. Thus, political entities shall provide differential tax treatment through selectivity, progressivity and tax benefits, to products and services and their development and provision processes, according to the intensity of the environmental impact to the environment that they cause, demonstrated by a study of environmental impact, affecting the behavior of the market to develop in a sustainable way and granting to the property its social function. They must also collect taxes whose incidence allows the protection of ecologically balanced environment / A presente dissertação tem por fim demonstrar que a Constituição da República protege o valor meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, assim entendido como a relação equilibrada entre o ser e o meio, em função da seleção natural, como condição à vida saudável. Para a realização do valor constitucional, a Lei Maior impõe aos entes políticos o dever de conceder tratamento diferenciado a produtos e serviços e a seus processos de elaboração e prestação, conforme o impacto ambiental que ocasionam ao meio ambiente. O tributo é instrumento de destaque à proteção do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, dispondo a Constituição de princípios ambientais e tributários que delimitam o âmbito da tributação ambiental, formando um subsistema constitucional tributário ambiental. Nesse passo, os entes políticos têm o dever de conferir tratamento tributário diferenciado, através de seletividade, progressividade e benefícios fiscais, aos produtos e serviços e seus processos de elaboração e prestação, na intensidade do impacto ambiental que ocasionem ao meio ambiente, demonstrado por estudo de impacto ambiental, condicionando o comportamento do mercado a se desenvolver de maneira sustentável e outorgando à propriedade a sua função social. Também é dever instituir tributos cuja regra matriz de incidência permite a proteção do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado

Les politiques environnementales, notamment celles recourant aux instruments fiscaux, ont pris une place de plus en plus importante dans un grand nombre de pays durant les trois dernières décennies. Tous les pays de l’OCDE ont introduit des taxes liées à l'environnement et un nombre croissant d'entre eux procèdent à une réforme dite "verte" de leur fiscalité. L’utilisation de la taxe comme un instrument pour la politique environnementale a suscité un large débat parmi les chercheurs sur ses impacts sur la croissance économique, mais sans parvenir à un consensus sur la nature de ces effets. Certains trouvent un effet négatif, alors que d’autres montrent un impact positif. Deux points ont attiré notre attention sur ce sujet. Premièrement, les études empiriques qui vérifient la validité de ces résultats sont très rares. Deuxièmement, la majorité des modèles théoriques qui ont étudié l’effet de la fiscalité environnementale sur la croissance économique supposent que le gouvernement finance ses dépenses uniquement par les taxes et que le budget d’État est équilibré à chaque période, évitant ainsi tout fardeau associé au remboursement de la dette publique. Par conséquent, cette thèse a pour objectif d’abord d’explorer empiriquement la nature de la relation entre la fiscalité environnementale et la croissance économique, et si cette relation est sensible au niveau d'autres variables dans l'économie. Ensuite, nous examinons les canaux par lesquels cette taxe peut affecter la croissance économique, et si l'existence et le niveau de la dette publique peuvent modifier cet effet. / Environmental policies, especially those using fiscal instruments, have become more and more important in a large number of countries over the last three decades. All OECD countries have introduced environmentally related taxes, and a growing number of them are carrying out a so-called "green" reform of their taxation. The use of the tax as an instrument for environmental policy has sparked wide debate among researchers on its impacts on economic growth, but without reaching consensus on the nature of these effects. Some find a negative effect; while others show a positive impact. Two points raised our attention on this subject. First, the empirical studies that verify the validity of these results are very rare. Second, the majority of theoretical models that have studied the effect of environmental taxation on economic growth assume that the government finances its expenditures solely through taxes and that the state budget is balanced each period, thus avoiding any burden associated to repayment of public debt. Therefore, this thesis aims firstly to explore empirically the nature of the relationship between environmental taxation and economic growth, and whether this relationship is sensitive to the level of other variables in the economy. We examine then the channels through which this tax can affect economic growth, and whether the existence and level of public debt can modify this effect.

O presente trabalho debate a construção do federalismo fiscal norteado pelo ideal da solidariedade, e de que forma a legislação do ICMS Ecológico fluminense pode se inserir nesse tema. Através da comparação entre legislações estaduais e da análise dos efeitos econômicos das leis do Estado do Rio de Janeiro sobre os seus Municípios, será discutido de que forma a cooperação e a competição atuam nesta forma de partilha de receita tributária, reforçando a autonomia das municipalidades para a construção de políticas ambientais próprias. / The present essay discusses the construction of fiscal federalism guided by the ideal of solidarity, and how the law of the Eco-ICMS of Rio de Janeiro State focuses the subject theme. By comparing state laws and analyzing the economic effects of the law of the State of Rio de Janeiro on its municipalities, it will discuss how cooperation and competition work in this form of sharing-in tax revenues, strengthening the autonomy of municipalities to build their own environmental policies.

O presente trabalho debate a construção do federalismo fiscal norteado pelo ideal da solidariedade, e de que forma a legislação do ICMS Ecológico fluminense pode se inserir nesse tema. Através da comparação entre legislações estaduais e da análise dos efeitos econômicos das leis do Estado do Rio de Janeiro sobre os seus Municípios, será discutido de que forma a cooperação e a competição atuam nesta forma de partilha de receita tributária, reforçando a autonomia das municipalidades para a construção de políticas ambientais próprias. / The present essay discusses the construction of fiscal federalism guided by the ideal of solidarity, and how the law of the Eco-ICMS of Rio de Janeiro State focuses the subject theme. By comparing state laws and analyzing the economic effects of the law of the State of Rio de Janeiro on its municipalities, it will discuss how cooperation and competition work in this form of sharing-in tax revenues, strengthening the autonomy of municipalities to build their own environmental policies.

The thesis evaluates the current state of environmental taxation based on CO2 emissions and determines the impact on a company ABC, s r.o. The initial section, Literature Review, discusses environmental economics and environmental policy concepts and introduces taxation procedures of road tax in Czech Republic and Ireland. The main body describes operation of the chosen company and shows real tax calculations according to the tax law of the Czech Republic and Ireland. Finally, it is discussed the potential impact on the chosen business.

Cette thèse développe l’analyse d’une politique économique environnementale appliquée dans le cadre d’une économie ouverte et dans celui d’une économie fermée. Elle étudie les effets sur le bien-être et l’environnement des réglementations volontaire et obligatoire tenant compte de l’hétérogénéité des agents économiques et des pays. Elle s’intéresse en particulier aux différents types d’éco-étiquetages en autarcie (Chapitre 1) et après ouverture au commerce international (Chapitre 2); aux programmes d’apport d’information à plusieurs niveaux (Chapitre 3); et aux taxes sur les émissions et marchés publics écologiques (Chapitre 4). L’analyse montre que non seulement le gouvernement mais également les éco-consommateurs peuvent inciter même les producteurs éco-indifférents à se décider pour l’agir respectueux de l’environnement. Les instruments de politique environnementale induisent auto-sélection et polarisation dans les marchés desservis par des entreprises hétérogènes en termes de productivité. Je démontre que des instruments volontaires peuvent avoir des résultats positifs sur le bien-être et l’environnement. En fonction d’hypothèses précises, ils peuvent également être plus efficaces que des approches obligatoires. Le modèle montre également que quand il y a ouverture au commerce international, la politique écologique a un effet supplémentaire sur le bien-être et sur l’environnement, dépendamment du type de politique et des consciences environnementales des différents pays commerciaux. / This thesis develops an applied environmental economic policy analysis in closed and open economy frameworks. It investigates welfare and environmental outcomes of voluntary and mandatory regulation allowing for heterogeneity across economic agents and countries. Particularly, it focuses on voluntary eco-labels of different types in autarky (Chapter 1) and upon opening to international trade (Chapter 2); multi-tier information provision programmes (Chapter 3); and emission taxes and green public procurement (Chapter 4). The analysis shows that not only the government but also eco-concerned consumers can incentivise even eco-indifferent producers to act more environmentally-friendly. Environmental policy instruments induce self-selection and polarisation in the markets served by firms heterogeneous in their productivity. I demonstrate that voluntary instruments can lead to positive welfare and environmental outcomes. Under particular assumptions, they also can be more efficient than mandatory approaches. The model also shows that upon opening to international trade eco-policy yields additional welfare and environmental effects conditionally on the type of the policy and the environmental awareness difference across trading countries.