Darbe yra analizuojama poveikio aplinkai vertinimo procesą reglamentuojančios teisės aktų metodiniai aspektai, t.y. ar poįstatyminiai poveikio aplinkai vertinimo procesą reglamentuojantys dokumentai išsamiai numato visus poveikio aplinkai vertinimo proceso aspektus, ar gali būti vienareikšmiškai interpretuojami, yra aiškūs ir tikslūs. Problema - siekiant išvengti aplinkos apsaugos požiūriu nepalankių sprendimų, poveikio aplinkai vertinimo procesas turi būti tinkamai reglamentuotas bei turi būti parengti atitinkami metodiškai pagrįsti poveikio aplinkai vertinimo proceso dokumentai. Tyrimo objektas – Lietuvos Respublikos poveikio aplinkai vertinimo procesą reglamentuojančios teisinės bazės metodinė būklė. Tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti ir įvertinti ar pakankamai efektyviai yra parengta planuojamos ūkinės veiklos poveikio aplinkai vertinimo metodinę bazę. Iškeltam darbo tikslui ir uždaviniams įgyvendinti buvo naudojami anketavimo ir lyginamosios analizės metodai. / This work concentrates on the analysis of the methodical aspects of the legislation regulating the EIA process, i.e. whether the subordinate legislation regulating the EIA process comprehensively cover all the EIA process aspects, whether they can be unambiguously interpreted, whether they are clear and precise.

The aim of this research is to find out what environmental impact a wave power park has on the Swedish west coast by creating a consultation paper (”Samrådsunderlag”) for the Lysekilproject at Uppsala University. To highlight the complexity of the problem a system analytic approach was used and illustrated by a Causal Loop Diagram. The overall assessment of the Lysekilprojects wave power park at the Swedish west coast is that it will have a low impact on the environment. This is due to the relative small size of the wave power park and some technical solutions made with the environmental aspect in mind. Artificial reefs and a sanctuary for marine species are effects created by the wave power park and in the longer term the impact will give access to an untapped source of renewable energy, wave energy. Thus reducing the need of fossil fuels and making it possible to reach the Swedish national environmental goals. / Lysekilsprojektet

In order to make decisions to approve filling stations, an environmental impact assessment (EIA) needs to be conducted and evaluated by the competent authority. Although numerous filling stations have been authorised for operation, the quality of the EIA reports that form the basis for decision making has never been evaluated. The evaluation of the quality of EIA reports on filling station developments by means of an adapted Lee–Colley review package formed the basis of this research. The main conclusion was that the quality of the EIA reports for filling station developments, as reviewed by the adapted review package, is generally of a poor standard. This means that a decision to approve a new filling station is generally based on just enough information to the competent authority. The main deficiencies in the EIA reports related to site description, cumulative impacts and mitigation measures, while the environment description, identification of impacts, scoping of impacts, assessment of impact significance and emphasis (impacts) in the reports were of good quality. The results from the reviewed EIA’s correspond mostly with the literature on the review of EIA reports. / Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

In order to make decisions to approve filling stations, an environmental impact assessment (EIA) needs to be conducted and evaluated by the competent authority. Although numerous filling stations have been authorised for operation, the quality of the EIA reports that form the basis for decision making has never been evaluated. The evaluation of the quality of EIA reports on filling station developments by means of an adapted Lee–Colley review package formed the basis of this research. The main conclusion was that the quality of the EIA reports for filling station developments, as reviewed by the adapted review package, is generally of a poor standard. This means that a decision to approve a new filling station is generally based on just enough information to the competent authority. The main deficiencies in the EIA reports related to site description, cumulative impacts and mitigation measures, while the environment description, identification of impacts, scoping of impacts, assessment of impact significance and emphasis (impacts) in the reports were of good quality. The results from the reviewed EIA’s correspond mostly with the literature on the review of EIA reports. / Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Diss. Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2005.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

L’étude d’impact des projets d’ouvrages et de travaux a fait ses preuves en tant qu’outil de prévention des atteintes à l’environnement et qu’instrument d’information du public et de démocratie participative. Toutefois, l’expérience acquise dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre de la directive européenne EIE du 27 juin 1985 et de la Convention d’Espoo du 25 février 1991, a très tôt mis en évidence que, bien souvent, l’évaluation environnementale intervenait trop tardivement dans le processus décisionnel, à un stade où les possibilités de changements significatifs sont limitées, alors qu’il est possible de mettre en doute l'existence d'une autorisation administrative impartiale tenant pleinement compte d'une évaluation des incidences sur l'environnement et des observations du public dès lors que les instances politiques responsables se sont déjà clairement prononcées en faveur d’un projet. Il fallait aller plus loin, car c’est en fait au niveau des options stratégiques que les choix structurants, souvent irréversibles, sont effectués, autrement dit, au niveau de documents tels que les plans locaux d’urbanisme pour n’évoquer que les plus courants. C’est la raison pour laquelle ont été adoptés la directive ESE du 27 juin 2001 relative à l’évaluation de certains plans et programmes sur l’environnement, ainsi que le Protocole de Kiev de mai 2003 sur l’« évaluation stratégique environnementale », deux textes très ambitieux qui concernent un vaste pan de la prise de décision dans le secteur public. Aussi, ce n’est qu’après avoir pris soin de déterminer le champ de la procédure et les nombreuses difficultés que ce dernier soulève, qu’il sera ensuite possible d’apprécier de façon plus circonspecte les apports « stratégiques » de l’exigence, les dix années d’expérience française, et une transposition à tâtons, révélant à cet égard que le chemin pourrait encore être long à parcourir avant de satisfaire pleinement aux nouvelles sujétions européennes et onusiennes. / The Environmental Impact Assessment has proven itself as a tool for prevention of environmental damage and as a tool for public information and participatory democracy. However, experience gained in the implementation of the Directive EIA of 27 June 1985 and of the Espoo Convention of 25 February 1991, has quickly highlighted that in many cases, environmental assessment intervened too late in the decision making process, at a stage where the possibilities for significant changes are limited, so that it is possible to doubt the existence of an impartial administrative authorization taking full account of any impact assessment on the environment and public comments since the responsible political authorities have already decided clearly in favor of a project. You had to go further, because it is in fact at the level of strategic options that structural choices, often irreversible, are carried out, in other words at the level of documents such as town and country planning, to mention only the most current. That's why were adopted Directive SEA of 27 June 2001 on the assessment of certain plans and programs on the environment, as well as the Kiev Protocol of May 2003 on "Strategic Environmental Assessment", two very ambitious texts concerning a large pan of decision making in the public sector. It is also, only after having carefully determined the scope of the procedure and many difficulties it raises, it will then be possible to appreciate, in a more circumspect way, the "strategic" contributions or legal perspectives of the new requirement, the French ten years experience and a groping transposition, revealing in this regard that the path could still be long to go before full compliance with European and UN constraints.

A prática atual em planejamento urbano, bem como os elementos de sua política, não têm garantido a viabilidade ambiental das ações tomadas no processo de ocupação e modificação do território, limitando as ações propostas à mitigação de problemas que muitas vezes não atentam para suas raízes, e distanciando-se de uma abordagem pró-ativa de intervenção na realidade, ao aceitar as relações estabelecidas. A legislação brasileira têm atribuído ao planejamento local grande papel na definição destas ações, com grande parte desta responsabilidade atribuída aos municípios. O processo de gestão ambiental deve fornecer subsídios e avaliar a viabilidade de planos de desenvolvimento urbano, por serem estes guias de ações potencialmente impactantes. O presente trabalho parte da colocação de critérios ambientais a serem considerados no planejamento municipal, e da proposição da integração de instrumentos ambientais e urbanos visando atingir tais critérios. Em um segundo momento, analisa de que forma são ou não considerados critérios ambientais no estudo de caso do projeto de lei do plano diretor de São Carlos. Uma ilustração de como deveria ser balizado o planejamento municipal através de critérios e instrumentos ambientais é colocada no exemplo prático apresentado. Chega-se à conclusão de que podem existir grandes riscos ambientais às cidades pois não se garante a viabilidade ambiental através da implantação dos instrumentos colocados pelo estatuto da cidade, o que pôde ser observado no plano tido como estudo de caso, que em muito se assemelha a objetivos e propostas de outros planos diretores desenvolvidos para as cidades médias. / Urban planning and politics nowadays have not assured the environmental viability of occupation and transformation of territory process, limiting the proposals to problem mitigation, not attempting to its real causes, and not taking a pro-active approach in these interventions, accepting the existing relations. Brazilian laws give local planning an important role in the definition of these actions, with great part of this responsability lied on the cities. The environmental management process should provide information to the analysis of the viability of urban development plans, cause they are important guides to environmental impacts. The present work shows some environmental criteria to be considered in urban planning, and propose an articulation of environmental and urban planning instruments to reach these criteria. The case study analyses the environmental viability of the master city plan project to São Carlos city, attempting to these criteria and instruments. An illustration to environmental urban planning is shown in a project as an example. The conclusion shows that there are several environmental risks to cities because the existing laws and instruments do not guarantee environmental viability of cities. This could be analysed in the São Carlos master city plan, and can be recognized in other master city plans to medium cities.