Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-02-11T19:13:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciana Bigolin Martini - 2014.pdf: 2276799 bytes, checksum: 99e214cf772a97173cc4e67d3acb45a4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-02-11T19:14:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciana Bigolin Martini - 2014.pdf: 2276799 bytes, checksum: 99e214cf772a97173cc4e67d3acb45a4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-11T19:14:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciana Bigolin Martini - 2014.pdf: 2276799 bytes, checksum: 99e214cf772a97173cc4e67d3acb45a4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-25 / This research aims to analyze, observe, question, reread, environmental planning that involves the school community of the course of Buildings / PROEJA. When we have the opportunity to be part of this school community, who works with classes of youth and adults it is inevitable that questionings will come about what really will mediate this relation teacher – student. And how this community thinks the environmental impact. This study is focused on groups of the Integration Program of Vocational Education Mode in Basic Education for Youth and Adults - Technical PROEJA of Buildings. The methodology is based on qualitative research. The research was funded on three steps, namely documental research, on-site observation, organization and application of (structured and semi-structured) questionnaires. In general aspects, the results show that the official documents refer superficially about the relationship of building an ecological awareness, the regulations are fairly elastic leaving the criterion of efforts to build content and energy efficiency and minimize environmental impacts relating the world of work to acquire knowledge and environmental impact. Results suggest that the school community in relation to the environment has notions of environmental impact, but limited in the actions they perform, as a student, teacher or technical administrative The school has an important role in building new paradigms. / Esta pesquisa pretende analisar, observar, questionar o planejamento ambiental que envolve a comunidade escolar do curso de Edificações/PROEJA. Quando se tem a oportunidade de fazer parte desta comunidade escolar que trabalha com turmas de jovens e adultos é inevitável que venham questionamentos daquilo que realmente se vai mediar com esta relação professor - educando. E como esta comunidade pensa o impacto ambiental. Este estudo é focado em turmas do Programa de Integração da Educação Profissional à Educação Básica na Modalidade de Jovens e Adultos (PROEJA) Técnico em Edificações. A metodologia utilizada é baseada na pesquisa qualitativa. A pesquisa se fundamentou em três etapas, a saber: pesquisa documental; observação in loco, organização e aplicação de questionários (estruturados e semiestruturados). Nos aspectos gerais, os resultados demonstram que os documentos oficiais referem-se de forma superficial sobre a relação da construção de uma sensibilização ecológica, as normativas são bastante elásticas deixando a critério das gestões construírem o conteúdo e a eficiência energética e minimização dos impactos ambientais relacionando o mundo do trabalho a obtenção do conhecimento e impacto ambiental. Os resultados denotam que a comunidade escolar em relação ao ambiente, tem noções de impacto ambiental, mas com uma aplicação limitada nas ações que cada um desempenha, seja como aluno, professor ou técnico administrativo. A escola tem um papel preponderante nesta construção de novos paradigmas.

O Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico (ZEE) desenvolve-se como instrumento da Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente a partir da redemocratização política e social do país e a promulgação da Constituição de 1988, que assegura direitos e garantias fundamentais e estabelece deveres à sociedade e ao Estado, como a defesa do meio ambiente. As experiências de ZEE nos estados da Amazônia Legal e a implementação do Plano Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro contribuem para consolidar o conceito do instrumento e suas diretrizes metodológicas. No estado de São Paulo, a regulamentação do gerenciamento costeiro em 1998 definiu quatro setores, Litoral Norte, Baixada Santista, Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Iguape e Cananéia e Vale do Ribeira, e instituiu quatro instrumentos da política, ZEE, planos de ação e gestão, sistema de informações e monitoramento. No entanto, 20 anos depois, apenas dois ZEE foram instituídos por norma legal: o do Litoral Norte em 2004, revisado em 2017, e o da Baixada Santista em 2013. Soma-se a isso, o fato de não terem sido implementados os demais instrumentos do gerenciamento costeiro. Nos outros estados o quadro é diverso quanto à abrangência territorial e ao grau de implementação do ZEE. O objetivo principal da pesquisa foi apontar perspectivas para o ZEE no estado de São Paulo, a partir da análise dos principais avanços e desafios do ZEE no país e, em especial, na zona costeira paulista, tendo como estudo de caso, o ZEE do Litoral Norte. Pelo fato das diretrizes do ZEE interferirem nas relações sociais que se expressam no território, a pesquisa baseou-se na hipótese de que os avanços e desafios do instrumento são marcados por diversas territorialidades. Para tanto, procedeu-se à revisão bibliográfica para: destacar o momento em que a abordagem territorial da política ambiental se amplia e há o desenvolvimento do ZEE como um dos seus instrumentos; e para construir um panorama atual do ZEE no país com seus principais avanços e desafios. De forma complementar, realizou-se a pesquisa de campo para qualificar com dados primários as experiências de ZEE no país e do estudo de caso. Com base nessas análises, verificou-se que os avanços e desafios do zoneamento podem ser caracterizados como sendo de ordem político-institucional, legal e metodológica e estão relacionados a oito questões. A análise dos avanços e desafios do ZEE no Litoral Norte paulista partiu dessas questões, evidenciando as territorialidades influentes. / The Ecologic Economic Zoning (EEZ) is developed as an instrument of the National Environmental Policy at the time of political and social democracy return and the Constitution promulgation in 1988. EEZ experiences in the states defined as Legal Amazonia and the National Coastal Management Policy implementation consolidate the instrument\'s concept and methodological guidelines. In the State of São Paulo, the coastal management policy regulation in 1998 defined four sections, Litoral Norte, Baixada Santista, Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Iguape e Cananeia and Vale do Ribeira, and four policy\'s instruments, EEZ, action and management plans, information system and monitoring. However, almost 20 years later, only two EEZs were established by law: the Litoral Norte EEZ in 2004, reviewed in 2017, and the Baixada Santista EEZ in 2013. In addition, the other coastal management instruments were not implemented since then. In other states, the EEZ experiences show different territorial coverage and degrees of implementation. The main objective of the research was to point out perspectives for the EEZ in the state of São Paulo, based on the analysis of the main advances and challenges of the EEZ in the country and, especially, in the coastal zone of São Paulo. The Litoral Norte EEZ was chosen for the case study. Because the ZEE guidelines interfere in the social relations that are expressed in the territory, the research was based on the hypothesis that the advances and challenges of the instrument are marked by diverse territorialities. The bibliography review was carried out to: highlight the moment when the territorial approach to environmental policy expands and there is the development of the EEZ as one of its instruments; and to build a current panorama of the EEZ in Brazil with its main advances and challenges. The field survey was conducted to qualify with primary data the experiences of EEZs in the country and the case study. Based on these analyzes, it was verified that the EEZ advances and challenges can be characterized as being of political-institutional, legal and methodological order and are related to eight questions. The analysis of the advances and challenges of the EEZ in the case study started from these issues, highlighting the territorialities influence.

The understanding of environmental change and how it is influenced by innovation processes and advances in science and technology is multifaceted given the inherent uncertainty of the pace and direction of technology change, but also given the limits to anticipate future environmental effects of new technology. The doctoral thesis is organised in two parts. The covering essay constitutes the first part and is aimed at introducing the scope of the research; outlining theoretical perspectives and central concepts and positioning the research to other research studies. Reprints of the six papers included in the thesis comprise the second part of the thesis. The first aim of this doctoral thesis is to contribute to an increased understanding of the conditions for environmental policy and planning through innovation, science policy and technological change. Particular attention is paid to the institutional frameworks for policy processes, public-private interactive policy and strategic planning with futures studies. The second aim is to explore and analyse approaches applied for assessing the output, impact and structure of science in the area of strategic environmental research. This includes an examination of research assessment criteria and an analysis of knowledge networks in strategic environmental research, characterised by socio-economic expectations of generating innovations that benefit the environment through the industrial application of science. Four types of environmental planning are studied using a combined qualitative and quantitative research approach. These are corporate environmental planning, public environmental planning, strategic long-term planning, and strategic science planning targeting advances in science and technology to attain environmental objectives. The findings of the study show that institutional frameworks of science and technology policy affecting environmental planning are found in organisational forms, such as science parks, but also in institutions understood as values and norms of the science system. With an increased focus on assessment of research as well as future technology, the findings of the study also contributes by examining approaches applied for assessing the output, structure and impact of research, using bibliometrics and social network analysis in the area of strategic environmental research. / QC 20101027

Environmental Planning theory tells us that continued improvement in environmental outcomes will require new approaches that are voluntary; behavior change will come from within organizations, not imposed from outside. The concept of sustainability fits in this new phase of environmental planning and policy. In order for organizations to be successful in achieving sustainability goals, they must create an organizational context that produces innovative ideas (considered a strength of organic or learning organizations), along with an organizational context that effectively manages and implements continuous change (considered a strength of bureaucratic organizations). Effectively striking this balance appears to be a key component of making progress in sustainability for large public organizations. The research completed through this doctoral dissertation addresses gaps in the literature by asking the question: How have large public organizations implemented sustainability programs? A multiple case study design was used that examined three large public organizations that have adopted sustainability goals and established programs for achieving these goals. The data were analyzed based on a conceptual framework that predicts the types of activities and attributes organizations will exhibit to successfully achieve sustainability goals. The results demonstrate that sustainability implementation in these organizations is dependent upon leadership support, cross-functional teams, orientation to the external environment, effective management systems and consistent support over time. Bureaucratic organizations are structured to effectively accomplish the core mission, but if they also want to be more sustainable, they must adopt and promote more organic attributes to enable change, learning and innovation.

The first objective of this thesis was to predict the future success of selected tree species under low (B1, 550 CO2 ppm) and moderate (A1B, 720 CO2 ppm) climate change scenarios as defined in the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). This was accomplished through the creation of radial-growth forecasts for eastern hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis (L.) Carr.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum L.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss), and white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in the Grand River Watershed of Ontario, Canada. The forecasts were founded on historic growth-climate relationships between standardized regional dendrochronologies for each species and past climate data from the Guelph OAC weather station. These species-specific growth-climate relationships were then extended to 2100 using modeled climate data from the Third Generation Coupled Global Climate Model (CGCM3) to project radial-growth under both emissions scenarios. Results indicated that eastern hemlock radial-growth will remain stable throughout the 21st-century, sugar maple and white spruce growth will start to decline, and white pine growth will increase. While the radial-growth forecasts were limited by the length of the past climate data, the accuracy of the modeled climate data, and the number and type of variables used in the forecast model, the results were statically significant and strongly supported in the literature. The second thesis objective was to assess the potential impact of the radial-growth forecasts on environmental planning policy and forest management strategy in the Grand River Watershed. Examples of how the forecasts could influence basic management strategies in the watershed were provided to display the conceptual linkages between the results and policy formulation. Next, the radial-growth forecasts were presented to four forest managers working in the watershed to gage the practical implications, perceptions and limitations of the radial-growth forecasting method. While the managers found the radial-growth forecasts interesting, they also noted that the results were of limited use since they could not account for other factors important to the future success of the study species, such as seedling dispersal and establishment rates, as well as the potential effects of pathogens, insects and invasive species. Therefore, it was recommended that future research should work to extrapolate the results of the radial-growth forecasts to other tree species and types in the region, as well as incorporate more variables into the models, so that more accurate and applicable growth projections could be constructed in the watershed.

Stakeholder participation has become a valuable tool for agencies in the field of environmental planning. The potential benefits, for both agencies and individuals, of involving stakeholders in the planning process have been widely recognized and well documented. However, the success of participatory initiatives depends on the extent to which local stakeholders are interested in, and capable of, becoming involved in the process. Thus, the outcomes for each process vary as planning issues are dependent on their local context. This study aimed to evaluative the characteristics of successful stakeholder in planning. Specifically, it strived to obtain an understanding of successful stakeholder engagement through developing and integrating an evaluative framework based on the literature with the motivations and perceptions of agencies representatives and local stakeholders. In order to achieve these goals, the evaluative framework was applied to a case study of the Tiffany Creek subwatershed in Hamilton, Ontario. The case study revealed that determining and incorporating the opinions of agencies and stakeholders toward a participatory process can shed light on the characteristics of successful stakeholder participation in a given region. The characteristics of successful stakeholder participation and the integration of agency and stakeholders viewpoints into the planning process are discussed and recommendations to improve participatory processes in environmental planning are provided.

The first objective of this thesis was to predict the future success of selected tree species under low (B1, 550 CO2 ppm) and moderate (A1B, 720 CO2 ppm) climate change scenarios as defined in the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). This was accomplished through the creation of radial-growth forecasts for eastern hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis (L.) Carr.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum L.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss), and white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in the Grand River Watershed of Ontario, Canada. The forecasts were founded on historic growth-climate relationships between standardized regional dendrochronologies for each species and past climate data from the Guelph OAC weather station. These species-specific growth-climate relationships were then extended to 2100 using modeled climate data from the Third Generation Coupled Global Climate Model (CGCM3) to project radial-growth under both emissions scenarios. Results indicated that eastern hemlock radial-growth will remain stable throughout the 21st-century, sugar maple and white spruce growth will start to decline, and white pine growth will increase. While the radial-growth forecasts were limited by the length of the past climate data, the accuracy of the modeled climate data, and the number and type of variables used in the forecast model, the results were statically significant and strongly supported in the literature. The second thesis objective was to assess the potential impact of the radial-growth forecasts on environmental planning policy and forest management strategy in the Grand River Watershed. Examples of how the forecasts could influence basic management strategies in the watershed were provided to display the conceptual linkages between the results and policy formulation. Next, the radial-growth forecasts were presented to four forest managers working in the watershed to gage the practical implications, perceptions and limitations of the radial-growth forecasting method. While the managers found the radial-growth forecasts interesting, they also noted that the results were of limited use since they could not account for other factors important to the future success of the study species, such as seedling dispersal and establishment rates, as well as the potential effects of pathogens, insects and invasive species. Therefore, it was recommended that future research should work to extrapolate the results of the radial-growth forecasts to other tree species and types in the region, as well as incorporate more variables into the models, so that more accurate and applicable growth projections could be constructed in the watershed.

Stakeholder participation has become a valuable tool for agencies in the field of environmental planning. The potential benefits, for both agencies and individuals, of involving stakeholders in the planning process have been widely recognized and well documented. However, the success of participatory initiatives depends on the extent to which local stakeholders are interested in, and capable of, becoming involved in the process. Thus, the outcomes for each process vary as planning issues are dependent on their local context. This study aimed to evaluative the characteristics of successful stakeholder in planning. Specifically, it strived to obtain an understanding of successful stakeholder engagement through developing and integrating an evaluative framework based on the literature with the motivations and perceptions of agencies representatives and local stakeholders. In order to achieve these goals, the evaluative framework was applied to a case study of the Tiffany Creek subwatershed in Hamilton, Ontario. The case study revealed that determining and incorporating the opinions of agencies and stakeholders toward a participatory process can shed light on the characteristics of successful stakeholder participation in a given region. The characteristics of successful stakeholder participation and the integration of agency and stakeholders viewpoints into the planning process are discussed and recommendations to improve participatory processes in environmental planning are provided.

This dissertation examined the impacts of multiple collaborative planning and implementation processes on ecosystem management of the Everglades wetlands of South Florida. In particular, the research focused on collaboration's role in (1) reducing phosphorus pollution in runoff from the Everglades Agricultural Area in the historic northern Everglades and (2) improving the water flow regime in Shark Slough of the southern Everglades. Restoration of the greater Everglades watershed is the largest such initiative in the world, and it may also be the most collaborative, with scores of these processes used at various scales since the mid-1960s. Ecosystem management is the most advanced approach to environmental governance, and its three tenets of integrative, adaptive, and ecologically protective governance provide a framework for evaluating environmental planning processes. Proponents of collaborative processes believe they are exceptionally suited to promoting the tenets of ecosystem management. Critics of collaboration, however, are concerned with the potential for cooptation of environmental interests, among other issues. Using qualitative case study methodology, the research found that collaborative processes improved ecosystem management, but not to the degree expected by collaboration proponents. Collaborative processes were integrative of values, information, activities, and political support across the ecosystem, yet integration had biases and limits as a result of groups' strategic behaviors and processes' emphasis on reaching agreement rather than fully exploring the issues. Cooptation of environmental interests was not a significant problem. Collaborative processes promoted adaptation and social learning in specific cases, but at a macro level helped to maintain the status quo of the dominant water management agencies and technocratic paradigms. Process outcomes were protective of ecological health in that they made steady, incremental progress towards ecological restoration. Progress had significant setbacks however, because collaboratively developed policies were subject to capture by economic interests. Despite the collaborative improvements in ecosystem management, ecological health remains a distant and uncertain prospect for the Everglades.

<p>The understanding of environmental change and how it is influenced by innovation processes and advances in science and technology is multifaceted given the inherent uncertainty of the pace and direction of technology change, but also given the limits to anticipate future environmental effects of new technology.</p><p>The doctoral thesis is organised in two parts. The covering essay constitutes the first part and is aimed at introducing the scope of the research; outlining theoretical perspectives and central concepts and positioning the research to other research studies. Reprints of the six papers included in the thesis comprise the second part of the thesis.</p><p>The first aim of this doctoral thesis is to contribute to an increased understanding of the conditions for environmental policy and planning through innovation, science policy and technological change. Particular attention is paid to the institutional frameworks for policy processes, public-private interactive policy and strategic planning with futures studies. The second aim is to explore and analyse approaches applied for assessing the output, impact and structure of science in the area of strategic environmental research. This includes an examination of research assessment criteria and an analysis of knowledge networks in strategic environmental research, characterised by socio-economic expectations of generating innovations that benefit the environment through the industrial application of science. Four types of environmental planning are studied using a combined qualitative and quantitative research approach. These are corporate environmental planning, public environmental planning, strategic long-term planning, and strategic science planning targeting advances in science and technology to attain environmental objectives.</p><p>The findings of the study show that institutional frameworks of science and technology policy affecting environmental planning are found in organisational forms, such as science parks, but also in institutions understood as values and norms of the science system. With an increased focus on assessment of research as well as future technology, the findings of the study also contributes by examining approaches applied for assessing the output, structure and impact of research, using bibliometrics and social network analysis in the area of strategic environmental research.</p>