Desenvolvemos aqui um estudo comparativo entre as epopéias gregas, Ilíada e Odisséia, e as indianas, Mahbharata e Ramayana. Analisamos, primeiramente, similitudes existentes entre essas obras. Nessa primeira etapa, mostramos que elas utilizam procedimentos literários semelhantes, têm os mesmos objetivos e apresentam aspectos mitológicos semelhantes: heróis descendentes de deuses, conformidade nas características dos deuses e temas análogos, além de detalhes análogos relativos ao gênero épico clássico, tais como o tempo pretérito arquetípico, a narração em terceira pessoa e estruturas discursivas semelhantes. Após o desenvolvimento dessa análise, voltamos nossa atenção para a atitude de súplica dos personagens, com o objetivo de demonstrar algumas diferenças significativas entre as atitudes de súplica exibidas pelos heróis gregos e pelos heróis indianos. Podemos observar em todas essas epopéias um quadro semelhante referente à atitude de súplica que busca restabelecer a ordem alterada: o herói ora ao seu deus para obter proteção e força que o tornem capaz de derrotar o inimigo, causador da desordem. Para além desse quadro, no entanto, com análise mais atenta, podemos verificar que o suplicante revela também intenções mais íntimas, ligadas aos anseios referentes à sua vida futura e cujo estudo nos leva a conhecer concepções teológicas e filosóficas da sociedade da época de produção dessas obras. Com o conhecimento das diferenças entre certos conceitos pertinentes à cultura grega e cultura indiana, obtemos elementos para a compreensão das diferenças entre as atitudes de súplica apresentadas pelos heróis dos épicos referentes a essas culturas. Assim, esse relacionamento entre deuses e homens é um aspecto fundamental nessas obras. Faz parte dos valores determinados de antemão pelo destinador sóciohistórico, com os quais o sujeito da enunciação constrói esses discursos. Nessas construções lingüísticas da Antigüidade há um contrato veridictório proposto e assumido referente à exposição alegórica do poder de atuação dos heróis. Nesse contrato, o enunciatário aceita a proposta de que esse poder é conferido pelos deuses. Desse modo, o sujeito da enunciação se desdobra em enunciador e enunciatário, cujas caracterizações nos permitem ter acesso à enunciação. O estudo das diferenças entre as atitudes de súplicas dos heróis gregos e dos heróis indianos foi levado a cabo através de um exame da construção dos sujeitos, em que analisamos marcas diversas existentes no texto - que nos permitem recuperar a enunciação - e também temas sustentados por formações ideológicas. Assim, após inserir cada texto no contexto de sua formação ideológica, examinamos o sentido construído pelo sujeito do discurso de cada obra, e procuramos mostrar essas diferenças / The aim of this thesis is to present a comparative study between the Greek epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey, and the Indian epics The Mahabharata and The Ramayana. In a first instance we shall analyze some of the several similarities occurring within these epic poems. During this first stage, we shall highlight how these poems make use of similar literary elements; have similar objectives, present similar mythological aspects (i.e. heroes descending from gods; resemblances in the characteristics of the gods) and present similar themes. We also point out similarities in regard to the genre, such as the use of archetypal past tenses and of a third person narrative, as well as of similar discursive structures. After this first analysis we direct our attention to the pleading attitude of the characters in order to highlight some of the significant differences between the attitude of supplication exhibited by the Greek hero and the attitude of supplication exhibited by the Indian hero. Similar scenarios can be recognized in the body of all these epic poems in regard to this attitude of supplicating for the power to re-establish a harmony that has been disrupted: in all of them a hero prays to his god with the hope that he will be granted the protection and strength with which he will be able to defeat the cause of disturbance, depicted as the enemy. However when a more careful analysis is carried out we verify that the supplicant sometimes is also manifesting personal objectives, which are connected to his own expectations about his future. The study of these more subtle personal intentions took us to a thorough study of both the theological and philosophical thought processes of the Greek and Indian societies during the historical periods when these poems were produced. This study of the differences found within the above mentioned thought processes provided relevant information which in turn enabled us to better understand the subtle differences found in the pleading attitudes of the epic heroes related to these cultures. These relationships between gods and men are a fundamental aspect of these writings. They are directly linked to values previously established by the social and historical determiners, with which the subject of the enunciation builds up these discourses. In these linguistic structures of ancient times we find what can be referred to as a pre-established agreement between the enunciator and the enunciater. This agreement is directly connected to the allegorical exhibitions of the acting powers of the heroes, i.e. the enunciater accepts without questioning the proposal that the heroes\' superhuman powers are granted by the gods. Thus the subject of the enunciation unfolds itself between the enunciator and the enunciater, whose characterizations allow us to have access to the enunciation. In summary this study of the differences between the pleading attitude of the Greek hero and the Indian hero was undertaken through examining the construction of the subjective. We analysed several different elements of the texts - this allowed us to recover the enunciation - and we also analyzed themes supported by the ideological backgrounds of the texts. In this way, after inserting the text within the context of the specific historical ideological scenario of each one, we were able to examine the linguistic meanings brought up by the subjective of the discourses and subsequently seek to clarify the resulting differences

Desenvolvemos aqui um estudo comparativo entre as epopéias gregas, Ilíada e Odisséia, e as indianas, Mahbharata e Ramayana. Analisamos, primeiramente, similitudes existentes entre essas obras. Nessa primeira etapa, mostramos que elas utilizam procedimentos literários semelhantes, têm os mesmos objetivos e apresentam aspectos mitológicos semelhantes: heróis descendentes de deuses, conformidade nas características dos deuses e temas análogos, além de detalhes análogos relativos ao gênero épico clássico, tais como o tempo pretérito arquetípico, a narração em terceira pessoa e estruturas discursivas semelhantes. Após o desenvolvimento dessa análise, voltamos nossa atenção para a atitude de súplica dos personagens, com o objetivo de demonstrar algumas diferenças significativas entre as atitudes de súplica exibidas pelos heróis gregos e pelos heróis indianos. Podemos observar em todas essas epopéias um quadro semelhante referente à atitude de súplica que busca restabelecer a ordem alterada: o herói ora ao seu deus para obter proteção e força que o tornem capaz de derrotar o inimigo, causador da desordem. Para além desse quadro, no entanto, com análise mais atenta, podemos verificar que o suplicante revela também intenções mais íntimas, ligadas aos anseios referentes à sua vida futura e cujo estudo nos leva a conhecer concepções teológicas e filosóficas da sociedade da época de produção dessas obras. Com o conhecimento das diferenças entre certos conceitos pertinentes à cultura grega e cultura indiana, obtemos elementos para a compreensão das diferenças entre as atitudes de súplica apresentadas pelos heróis dos épicos referentes a essas culturas. Assim, esse relacionamento entre deuses e homens é um aspecto fundamental nessas obras. Faz parte dos valores determinados de antemão pelo destinador sóciohistórico, com os quais o sujeito da enunciação constrói esses discursos. Nessas construções lingüísticas da Antigüidade há um contrato veridictório proposto e assumido referente à exposição alegórica do poder de atuação dos heróis. Nesse contrato, o enunciatário aceita a proposta de que esse poder é conferido pelos deuses. Desse modo, o sujeito da enunciação se desdobra em enunciador e enunciatário, cujas caracterizações nos permitem ter acesso à enunciação. O estudo das diferenças entre as atitudes de súplicas dos heróis gregos e dos heróis indianos foi levado a cabo através de um exame da construção dos sujeitos, em que analisamos marcas diversas existentes no texto - que nos permitem recuperar a enunciação - e também temas sustentados por formações ideológicas. Assim, após inserir cada texto no contexto de sua formação ideológica, examinamos o sentido construído pelo sujeito do discurso de cada obra, e procuramos mostrar essas diferenças / The aim of this thesis is to present a comparative study between the Greek epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey, and the Indian epics The Mahabharata and The Ramayana. In a first instance we shall analyze some of the several similarities occurring within these epic poems. During this first stage, we shall highlight how these poems make use of similar literary elements; have similar objectives, present similar mythological aspects (i.e. heroes descending from gods; resemblances in the characteristics of the gods) and present similar themes. We also point out similarities in regard to the genre, such as the use of archetypal past tenses and of a third person narrative, as well as of similar discursive structures. After this first analysis we direct our attention to the pleading attitude of the characters in order to highlight some of the significant differences between the attitude of supplication exhibited by the Greek hero and the attitude of supplication exhibited by the Indian hero. Similar scenarios can be recognized in the body of all these epic poems in regard to this attitude of supplicating for the power to re-establish a harmony that has been disrupted: in all of them a hero prays to his god with the hope that he will be granted the protection and strength with which he will be able to defeat the cause of disturbance, depicted as the enemy. However when a more careful analysis is carried out we verify that the supplicant sometimes is also manifesting personal objectives, which are connected to his own expectations about his future. The study of these more subtle personal intentions took us to a thorough study of both the theological and philosophical thought processes of the Greek and Indian societies during the historical periods when these poems were produced. This study of the differences found within the above mentioned thought processes provided relevant information which in turn enabled us to better understand the subtle differences found in the pleading attitudes of the epic heroes related to these cultures. These relationships between gods and men are a fundamental aspect of these writings. They are directly linked to values previously established by the social and historical determiners, with which the subject of the enunciation builds up these discourses. In these linguistic structures of ancient times we find what can be referred to as a pre-established agreement between the enunciator and the enunciater. This agreement is directly connected to the allegorical exhibitions of the acting powers of the heroes, i.e. the enunciater accepts without questioning the proposal that the heroes\' superhuman powers are granted by the gods. Thus the subject of the enunciation unfolds itself between the enunciator and the enunciater, whose characterizations allow us to have access to the enunciation. In summary this study of the differences between the pleading attitude of the Greek hero and the Indian hero was undertaken through examining the construction of the subjective. We analysed several different elements of the texts - this allowed us to recover the enunciation - and we also analyzed themes supported by the ideological backgrounds of the texts. In this way, after inserting the text within the context of the specific historical ideological scenario of each one, we were able to examine the linguistic meanings brought up by the subjective of the discourses and subsequently seek to clarify the resulting differences

L’œuvre d’Ovide est composée au sortir d’une époque de profonds bouleversements sociaux, culturels et spatiaux. Sous Auguste qui réorganise l’Empire émerge une représentation de l’espace conçu comme un ensemble unifié. Les Métamorphoses proposent au lecteur un voyage dans le temps selon un axe chronologique immense, en même temps qu’un voyage dans l’espace, de la Grèce des débuts du monde à Rome et au monde entier. Elles peuvent s’interpréter comme une épopée sur l’espace, progressivement maîtrisé. Le poète sélectionne les lieux et les traits de géographie physique (fleuves, monts) et urbaine qui vont constituer l’armature ou l’arrière-plan d’un mythe. Ces lieux sont le plus souvent ceux des traditions mythiques grecques, les toponymes sont homériques ou alexandrins, mais Ovide se les approprie et réinterprète les représentations spatiales de ses prédécesseurs pour construire sa vision de l’espace ; en outre, il introduit dès la cosmogonie initiale des toponymes récents, ouvrant ainsi l’espace du poème à la géographie et à l’histoire universelles. Cette réécriture romaine des mythes s’inscrit dans un questionnement sur la culture et la citoyenneté romaines et met en lumière les rapports complexes qu’elle entretient avec la culture grecque. Ces rapports se jouent à l’échelle de chaque mythe, dès lors qu’un toponyme est mentionné, mais aussi à l’échelle du poème entier : les lieux sont mis en en réseau les uns avec les autres et ont une histoire qui se construit au fil des livres. Le poète fait ainsi coïncider géographie physique et géographie culturelle, nature et culture, en racontant la construction de l’espace par une collectivité qui est à la fois l’humanité entière et plus spécifiquement, le peuple romain, nourri de culture grecque. / Ovid’s Metamorphoses are written in an age of profound change. Not only does power evoluate in the hands of the Princeps, but also space: the new management of the provinciae and the reorganization of the City make it possible to conceive the geographical space of Empire as united. The poem echoes these transformations by introducing heroes who travel all over the world. The wide range of places and countries seems to match with the enormous temporal scope announced in the poem. The poem can be seen as an epos on space : space is progressively dominated, from the beginning of humanity to the reign of Rome. In each myth, Ovid selects the places, the rivers, mountains or cities he needs, abiding by mythical traditions and cultural representations : toponyms are borrowed from Homer or the Alexandrian poets ; but simultaneously he revitalizes them : he constructs his vision of geographical space and spatial organization. As early as the first cosmogony, he introduces toponyms which had been known only very recently in latin, thus opening his poem to universal geography and history. By transposing Greek myth in Roman space, the poet deals with cultural identity, in a time when Roman culture was undergoing a metamorphosis. He insists on the Greek roots of Roman culture and simultaneously projects it on a wider, universal scale. Places have a history, progressively revealed in each book. By setting myths in a web where each place has its own significance but also is better understood when related to the other, he constructs a space which is both natural and cultural, and a history of humanity and of Greco-Roman identity.

Análise histórico-literária do poema épico De Gestis Mendi de Saa, escrito por José de Anchieta no século XVI. Sob a perspectiva de uma época de reforma e contra-reforma religiosa, procurou-se mostrar como as guerras figuradas, neste poema, pelo padre Anchieta imitam os discursos de autoridades como Santo Agostinho e Tomás de Aquino e o direito canônico vigente do Concílio de Trento. Neste embate de bandeira católica contra bandeira protestante em terras brasílicas, os índios serão figurados não como inimigos dos portugueses, mas, por serem pagãos, do próprio Deus de Roma que, por meio do herói desta epopéia, busca a inserção deles no mundo cristão. / A historical and literary analysis of the epic poem \"De Gestis Mendi de Saa\", written by José de Anchieta in the 16th century. Under a perspective of religious Reformation and Counter-reformation period, this work tried to demonstrate how the depicted wars in this poem by the priest José de Anchieta imitate the speeches of the medieval authorities - Saint Augustine and Saint Thomas Aquinas - and the canonical law of the Council of Trent time. In this struggle between catholic and protestant flags in Brazilian soil, the Indians are considered as non-enemies of the Portuguese, but for being gentile, also of the very roman God that by means of the hero of this epic pursues their insertion through the Christian world.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-10-02T21:21:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Caroline Tavares da Silva - 2012.pdf: 1055978 bytes, checksum: d2a7767d7a1f7ab754c56a1229fd4812 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-02T21:28:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Caroline Tavares da Silva - 2012.pdf: 1055978 bytes, checksum: d2a7767d7a1f7ab754c56a1229fd4812 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-02T21:28:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Caroline Tavares da Silva - 2012.pdf: 1055978 bytes, checksum: d2a7767d7a1f7ab754c56a1229fd4812 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-03 / he present dissertation is about the long poem as a genre problem and style by the epic and the lyric, having as object, to develop the theme, three long poems from Gerardo Mello Mourão: Susana, “Suíte do couro ou louvação do couro” (“The leather’s suite or the leather’s laudation”) e “O País dos mourões” (“The country of Mourões”). To start our research, we start from the concept that the history of the long poem was linked to the history of epic and medieval poem until the emerging of Romantism – when the epic united itself to the lyric one (HEGEL, 1997, p. 551). In fact, before Romantism, the long poem was actually the epic poem, cause the classic authors, and the ones before them, was attached to the form to make their poems and the traditional form for a long poem was the epic. The romantic poets broke with the classic formalism, cause they sing about the feelings they are having, wich means, there is an immersion of the subject on the poetic discourse and the used for is a consequence of this. After that, they can composse poems in anyway they want to, with the propose to express the feelings of the moment. Because of that, we consider the long poem, as we know, as a product of Romantism, created from the broke to the classic formalism. / O presente trabalho refere-se ao poema longo como um problema de gênero e estilo pelo épico e pelo lírico, tendo como objetos, para discorrer sobre o tema, três poemas longos de Gerardo Mello Mourão: Susana, “Suíte do couro ou louvação do couro” e “País dos mourões”. Para iniciar nossa pesquisa partimos da concepção de que a história do poema longo esteve vinculada à da poesia épica e medieval até o surgimento do Romantismo – quando o épico se imiscuiu de características do gênero lírico (HEGEL, 1997, p. 551). Na verdade, antes do Romantismo o poema longo era de fato o poema épico, pois os clássicos (ou seja, os poetas do Classicismo) e os que os precederam prendiam-se à forma para a feitura de seus poemas e a forma tradicional para um poema longo era o poema épico. Os românticos rompem com o formalismo clássico, pois cantam o sentimento que têm, ou seja, há uma imersão do sujeito no discurso poético e a forma usada é uma consequência dessa imersão. A partir daí, eles passam a compor poemas da maneira e na forma que lhes convenha, com o único objetivo de expressar o sentimento a que são acometidos no momento. Por esse motivo, consideramos que o poema longo, como o conhecemos na contemporaneidade, é um fruto do Romantismo, criado a partir do rompimento com o formalismo clássico.

<p>Типолошке одреднице у проучавању женских ликова епских народних песама показују стварни значај јунакиња и њихову позицију у епском систему. Испитане су функције женских ликова, степен и врста њихових активности у структури песме (од пасивне позиције до изразито активне) и типови односа, нарочито према мушким ликовима и утврђен је велики број позитивних женских ликова у односу на негативне.<br />Епски контекст најчешће одражава реалну позицију жене и оквире у којима се стварају изузетни, велики и свевремени ликови епских јунакиња. Породични, социјални, митски, историјски и психолошки оквири, као и поетика епског песништва, моделују типове јунакиња (тип мајке, љубе, невесте, сестре, ћерке, девојке и виле) преко бинарних опозитних парова и женски ликови у Вуковим епском песмама сагледани су као комплексни и семантички разноврсни типови. Прецизна позиција јунакиње у песми значи откривање смисла њених речи и дејства који су рефлекс правила традиционалне културе. Носећи у себи многе особине несвојствене мушком свету, женски лик открива колико моћи, знања, снаге и храбрости припада женском начелу, када постаје подршка или опасност и зашто је народни певач најјачу одбрану патријархалног устројства поверио управо женским ликовима.</p> / <p>Tipološke odrednice u proučavanju ženskih likova epskih narodnih pesama pokazuju stvarni značaj junakinja i njihovu poziciju u epskom sistemu. Ispitane su funkcije ženskih likova, stepen i vrsta njihovih aktivnosti u strukturi pesme (od pasivne pozicije do izrazito aktivne) i tipovi odnosa, naročito prema muškim likovima i utvrđen je veliki broj pozitivnih ženskih likova u odnosu na negativne.<br />Epski kontekst najčešće odražava realnu poziciju žene i okvire u kojima se stvaraju izuzetni, veliki i svevremeni likovi epskih junakinja. Porodični, socijalni, mitski, istorijski i psihološki okviri, kao i poetika epskog pesništva, modeluju tipove junakinja (tip majke, ljube, neveste, sestre, ćerke, devojke i vile) preko binarnih opozitnih parova i ženski likovi u Vukovim epskom pesmama sagledani su kao kompleksni i semantički raznovrsni tipovi. Precizna pozicija junakinje u pesmi znači otkrivanje smisla njenih reči i dejstva koji su refleks pravila tradicionalne kulture. Noseći u sebi mnoge osobine nesvojstvene muškom svetu, ženski lik otkriva koliko moći, znanja, snage i hrabrosti pripada ženskom načelu, kada postaje podrška ili opasnost i zašto je narodni pevač najjaču odbranu patrijarhalnog ustrojstva poverio upravo ženskim likovima.</p> / <p>Typological distinctions in the study of female characters in Serbianepic poetry show the real importance of heroines and their position in the epic system. We analysed functions of female characters, level and kind of their activities in the structure of a poem (from passive position to an extremely active) as well as types of their relationships, especially with male characters and found out that the number of positive female characters exceeded the one of negative.<br />Epic context usually expresses the real position of a woman and the framework within which exceptional, great and timelesscharacters of epic heroines have beencreated. Family, social, mythical, historical and psychological frames, as well as the epic poetry, model the types of these heroines (type of a mother, beloved one, bride, sister, daughter, girlfriend and fairy) throughbinary opposing pairs and female characters in Vuk<br />Karadžić&rsquo;s epic poems have been perceived as complex and semantically diverse types.The precise position of heroines within a poem means revealing the meaning of her wordsand activities and the effect which is the reflection of the rules of traditional culture. A female character, bearing in itself many features uncharacteristic for the man&rsquo;s world, reveals how much power, knowledge, strength and courage belongs to the female principle, when it becomes a support or a danger and why the strongest defense of the patriarchal systemhas been given to female characters.</p>

Análise histórico-literária do poema épico De Gestis Mendi de Saa, escrito por José de Anchieta no século XVI. Sob a perspectiva de uma época de reforma e contra-reforma religiosa, procurou-se mostrar como as guerras figuradas, neste poema, pelo padre Anchieta imitam os discursos de autoridades como Santo Agostinho e Tomás de Aquino e o direito canônico vigente do Concílio de Trento. Neste embate de bandeira católica contra bandeira protestante em terras brasílicas, os índios serão figurados não como inimigos dos portugueses, mas, por serem pagãos, do próprio Deus de Roma que, por meio do herói desta epopéia, busca a inserção deles no mundo cristão. / A historical and literary analysis of the epic poem \"De Gestis Mendi de Saa\", written by José de Anchieta in the 16th century. Under a perspective of religious Reformation and Counter-reformation period, this work tried to demonstrate how the depicted wars in this poem by the priest José de Anchieta imitate the speeches of the medieval authorities - Saint Augustine and Saint Thomas Aquinas - and the canonical law of the Council of Trent time. In this struggle between catholic and protestant flags in Brazilian soil, the Indians are considered as non-enemies of the Portuguese, but for being gentile, also of the very roman God that by means of the hero of this epic pursues their insertion through the Christian world.

The purpose of this study is to trace and describe the form, origin and history of the praise poem ‘Ba Masemola’. This praise poem was included in the volume Seriti sa Thabantsho (1956). In that period, E. M. Ramaila collected and transcribed traditional praise poems of different groups, such as the Bapedi, the Batau, the Mapulana, and others. During his collection, Ramaila urged these groups not to forget their descent and history, and pointed out that these particulars were all brought together in their praise poems. Of the clans that are represented by their praise poems in this volume, only the Batau are discussed in this study. The Batau is a large group that is in its turn divided into five smaller groups, namely the Mphanama, Masemola, Nchabeleng, Makobe and Bakgaditsi groups. From among these smaller units the ‘Ba Masemola’ are selected for closer examination. Among the praise poems about the ‘Ba Masemola’ different kings are praised, for instance Mokwene, Tseke, Mabowe, and others. Not all these poems will be scrutinised, though occasional reference will be made to them. The most important concepts that are discussed in this study are the following: the praise poem, the narrative poem (poem with epic characteristics) and the epic. These genres share certain characteristics, yet also differ from each other. With regards to the content of the poem, several important characters are praised. The foremost figures that are mentioned here are the praise poet, the praised one and the ‘audience’. Their conduct differentiate them from characters found in (other) narratives works. The actions that are described can be divided into two groups, namely those that operate autonomously from other actions, and those that link with other actions. Nevertheless, all these happenings belong to the past. The milieu in this praise poem largely corresponds to that found in the narrative works, mainly because in the traditional settings, the praise poem is a declamatory piece that has several characteristics in common with the stage performance. In the description of the structural composition of this praise poem, a distinction will be made between the poem as literary work and the poem as verse. In the first case the theme, title and structure of the poem will be examined. The description of the structure of ‘Ba Masemola’ entails the different techniques Ramaila employs to carry across his ‘message’ and elucidates his point of view. In the examination of the verse composition, the first emphasis is on metrical principles that govern form, i.e correspondence and co-ordination, and the way in which Ramaila used them is then illuminated. In the stylistic finish of the poem there is a noticeable emotional charge. This can be mentioned as an important quality of the poem, and brings to the fore the bravery and fearlessness of the clan of GaMasemola. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / African Languages / unrestricted

This master thesis is concerned with biblical epic poem (or "epos") by Slovak author Augustin Dolezal, called Memorial Tragedy (1791, originally in Czech language). In this type of genre author takes well known biblical stories, such as fall of man or murder of Abel and adds his own fabricated circumstances. In this particular case author is trying to provide reader with catechesis and religious education on top the tale. Tragedy is mainly focused on the nature of sin and its connection to human condition, fall of man and possibility of evil in the world. Method of this paper is mainly theme analysis and comparison with Bible and its well known exegesis throughout the history. It is focused on comicality, which shall be defined in the theoretical part. Practical part attempts to come up with interpretation of the text in such a way, that certain themes, tropes or figures from the literary text are interconnected with certain features of comicality and shown as such. Keywords: Comicality, Biblical Epic Poem, Augustin Dolezal, Baroque, Classicism, Carnivalesque

Alors que la post-modernité en avait proclamé la fin, alors que le post-dramatique s’était déployé contre, les grands récits semblent de retour sur les scènes du théâtre public depuis les années 1990, et plus encore les années 2000 et 2010. Cette thèse se propose d’explorer ce mouvement vers l’épique depuis que la création théâtrale n’est plus aussi explicitement tendue par de grands vecteurs politiques et idéologiques, soit, symboliquement, depuis la chute du bloc soviétique avec celle du mur de Berlin. Comment de nouvelles formes épiques s’inventent-elles alors au plateau, dans le souvenir de Brecht mais sans s’adosser comme lui à une téléologie marxiste ? Comment ce nouvel épique théâtral refonde-t-il sa verticalité ou s’invente-t-il sans verticalité ? Quel lien entretient-il avec l’édifice théorique du dramaturge allemand mais aussi quel rapport construit-il aux épopées homériques ? En observant les grandes tendances épiques contemporaines, cette thèse s’attache à dégager un concept d’épique qui soit pertinent dans le contexte démocratique et égalitaire qui est le nôtre. / While post-modernity had proclaimed their end and post-dramatic theatre had unfolded against them, grand narratives seem to have returned to the stages of French public theatre since the 1990s, and even more so in the following decades. This thesis sets out to explore this movement towards the epic genre since dramatic creation is no longer propelled by great political and ideological vectors, given the fall of the Soviet bloc and the fall of the Berlin Wall. How can new epic forms be invented on the set, following the heritage of Brecht but without leaning against a Marxist teleology? How does this new dramatic genre of epic rebuild its verticality or reinvent itself without verticality? What is its relation with the theoretical work of the German dramatist, as well as with the Homeric epic poems? By observing major contemporary epic trends, this thesis seeks to identify a concept of epic that is relevant in the democratic and egalitarian context in which we live.