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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
301

Capturing Peptide–GPCR Interactions and Their Dynamics

Kaiser, Anette, Coin, Irene 20 April 2023 (has links)
Many biological functions of peptides are mediated through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Upon ligand binding, GPCRs undergo conformational changes that facilitate the binding and activation of multiple effectors. GPCRs regulate nearly all physiological processes and are a favorite pharmacological target. In particular, drugs are sought after that elicit the recruitment of selected effectors only (biased ligands). Understanding how ligands bind to GPCRs and which conformational changes they induce is a fundamental step toward the development of more efficient and specific drugs. Moreover, it is emerging that the dynamic of the ligand–receptor interaction contributes to the specificity of both ligand recognition and effector recruitment, an aspect that is missing in structural snapshots from crystallography. We describe here biochemical and biophysical techniques to address ligand–receptor interactions in their structural and dynamic aspects, which include mutagenesis, crosslinking, spectroscopic techniques, and mass-spectrometry profiling. With a main focus on peptide receptors, we present methods to unveil the ligand–receptor contact interface and methods that address conformational changes both in the ligand and the GPCR. The presented studies highlight a wide structural heterogeneity among peptide receptors, reveal distinct structural changes occurring during ligand binding and a surprisingly high dynamics of the ligand–GPCR complexes.
302

Structural studies of cpTat component Tha4 in both native and synthetic membrane systems

Storm, Amanda R. 05 December 2013 (has links)
No description available.
303

Spectroscopic and kinetic studies of mononuclear molybdenum enzymes of the DMSO reductase family

Cobb, Nathan Jeremy 19 April 2005 (has links)
No description available.
304

Investigation of the structure and bonding of metal complexes through the use of density functional theory

Brett, Constance M. 13 July 2005 (has links)
No description available.
305

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry as a quantitative tool to measure cellular respiration in pathophysiological conditions

Presley, Tennille D. 30 August 2007 (has links)
No description available.
306

Génération et caractérisation d'états intriqués en variables continues

Keller, Gaëlle 19 February 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude expérimentale et théorique des corrélations quantiques en variables continues.<br />La question de la caractérisation de ces corrélations est largement abordée, en particulier dans le cas des états gaussiens. Le formalisme mathématique des matrices de covariance, particulièrement adapté à cette étude, est développé ; et les différents critères existants sont répertoriés.<br />Ces critères permettent de caractériser le degré d'intrication des faisceaux générés par le dispositif expérimental au cœur de cette thèse : un Oscillateur Paramétrique Optique auto-verrouillé en phase. Au-dessous du seuil, les faisceaux, de valeur moyenne nulle, présentent une séparabilité de 0,33. Le système viole de manière apparente l'inégalité de Heisenberg de 58%. Au-dessus du seuil, les faisceaux brillants obtenus sont également fortement non classiques : la séparabilité vaut 0,76 et l'inégalité de Heisenberg est violée en apparence de 24%.<br />Une application originale de ce dispositif est proposée : il est montré théoriquement qu'un OPO à deux cristaux auto-verrouillé en phase génère deux faisceaux intriqués en polarisation, ce qui devrait faciliter le transfert de l'intrication de la lumière à la matière.
307

Coherent spin dynamics of radical pairs in weak magnetic fields

Hogben, Hannah J. January 2011 (has links)
The outcome of chemical reactions proceeding via radical pair (RP) intermediates can be influenced by the magnitude and direction of applied magnetic fields, even for interaction strengths far smaller than the thermal energy. Sensitivity to Earth-strength magnetic fields has been suggested as a biophysical mechanism of animal magnetoreception and this thesis is concerned with simulations of the effects of such weak magnetic fields on RP reaction yields. State-space restriction techniques previously used in the simulation of NMR spectra are here applied to RPs. Methods for improving the efficiency of Liouville-space spin dynamics calculations are presented along with a procedure to form operators directly into a reduced state-space. These are implemented in the spin dynamics software Spinach. Entanglement is shown to be a crucial ingredient for the observation of a low field effect on RP reaction yields in some cases. It is also observed that many chemically plausible initial states possess an inherent directionality which may be a useful source of anisotropy in RP reactions. The nature of the radical species involved in magnetoreception is investigated theoretically. It has been shown that European Robins are disorientated by weak radio-frequency (RF) fields at the frequency corresponding to the Zeeman splitting of a free electron. The potential role of superoxide and dioxygen is investigated and the anisotropic reaction yield in the presence of a RF-field, without a static field, is calculated. Magnetic field effect data for Escherichia coli photolyase and Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 1, both expected to be magnetically sensitive, are satisfactorily modelled only when singlet-triplet dephasing is included. With a view to increasing the reaction yield anisotropy of a RP magnetoreceptor, a brief study of the amplification of the magnetic field experienced by a RP from nearby magnetite particles is presented. Finally in a digression from RPs, Spinach is used to determine the states expected to be immune from relaxation and therefore long-lived in NMR experiments on multi-spin systems.
308

Etude des transitions structurales dans les protéines flexibles par marquage de spin suivi par spectroscopie de Résonance Paramagnétique Electronique (RPE)

Lorenzi, Magali 08 December 2011 (has links)
L’étude des transitions structurales dans les protéines est d’un intérêt crucial car ces transformations sont impliquées dans de nombreux processus biologiques essentiels. De tels phénomènes structuraux peuvent être à l’origine de propriétés remarquables dans les protéines flexibles ou désordonnées, propriétés difficilement accessibles par les techniques structurales usuelles. Le marquage de spin couplé à la spectroscopie de résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE) est une technique bien adaptée pour l’étude de ces transitions structurales. L’insertion d’un radical nitroxyde sur une cystéine, naturelle ou introduite par mutagenèse dirigée, située à un endroit clé de la protéine permet d’obtenir des informations locales sur les changements structuraux éventuels provoqués par l’ajout d’un partenaire.Cette technique a été appliquée à deux systèmes biologiques comportant un degré de flexibilité différent. La flexibilité de la protéine chaperon NarJ, intervenant dans la biogenèse du complexe Nitrate Réductase de la bactérie Escherichia coli, a été étudiée en présence de son peptide partenaire. Ces études ont permis d’une part de déterminer le site d’interaction et d’autre part, de montrer que l’association des deux partenaires entraîne un verrouillage dans une conformation préférentielle de NarJ. Le deuxième sujet d’étude est la protéine CP12 de Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, intervenant dans la régulation d’un complexe supramoléculaire du cycle de Calvin. La CP12 s’apparente à une protéine intrinsèquement désordonnée, ayant la particularité de posséder des cystéines naturelles et fonctionnelles. Le marquage classique a permis de mettre en évidence un nouveau rôle de son partenaire et de montrer que la CP12 garde un caractère désordonné dans le complexe. Par ailleurs, cette protéine a servi de système d’étude pour développer une nouvelle stratégie de marquage sur Tyrosine et démontrer sa faisabilité. / The study of structural transitions in proteins is of crucial interest because these transformations are involved in many biological processes. Such structural phenomena can be the source of remarkable properties in flexible or disordered proteins, properties hardly accessible by conventional structural techniques. Site-directed spin labeling combined with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) is a technique well suited for the study of these structural transitions. The insertion of a nitroxide reagent on a cysteine, natural or introduced by site-directed mutagenesis, located in a key position of a protein provides local information on possible structural changes induced by the addition of a partner. This technique was applied on two biological systems with a different degree of flexibility. The flexibility of NarJ, a chaperon protein involved in the biogenesis of the complex nitrate reductase of Escherichia coli was studied in the presence of its peptide partner. These studies enabled us to determine the interaction site and to show that the association of the two partners induced a locked conformation of NarJ. The second system is the CP12 protein of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, involved in the regulation of a supramolecular complex of the Calvin cycle. CP12 shares some similarities with the intrinsically disordered protein but having natural and functional cysteines. The conventional labeling allowed us to highlight a new role of its partner and to demonstrate that CP12 remains disordered in the complex. Moreover, this protein was used as a model system to develop a new labeling strategy on tyrosine and to demonstrate its feasibility.
309

Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation Surface Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy / Spectroscopie RMN de Surface Exaltée par Polarisation Nucléaire Dynamique

Zagdoun, Alexandre 12 June 2014 (has links)
Depuis sa découverte dans les années 50, la DNP suscite un intérêt croissant en résonance magnétique. La DNP peut être définie comme le transfert d'aimantation entre des électrons célibataires et les noyaux de l'échantillon induit par irradiation micro-onde. Depuis sa renaissance à hauts champs dans les années 90, grâce à l'introduction des gyrotrons comme source micro-onde haute fréquence haute puissance, la plupart des développements et applications de la méthode concernent des échantillons d'intérêt biologique en solution solide. L'intérêt de notre groupe pour la caractérisation d'espèces de surface, tels que les catalyseurs supportés sur silice nous a conduit à appliquer la DNP à des espèces de surface. Le but de cette thèse est le développement de cette méthode nommée DNP SENS. Pour cela de nouveaux agents de polarisations sont tout d'abord introduits, avec une discussion sur l'influence des temps de relaxation électroniques sur l'efficacité DNP. L'optimisation de la préparation des échantillons pour maximiser la sensibilité RMN est discutée, ainsi que l'interaction entre les radicaux et la surface. Ces développements ont permis la caractérisation de nombreux matériaux et quelques exemples sont donnés ici. Enfin, une dernière partie se concentre sur l'application de la DNP à des conducteurs de polarisation, et montre la possibilité d'hyperpolarisés des objets de taille micrométrique. / Since its discovery in the 1950's, DNP has been a topic of significant interest in magnetic resonance. DNP is the transfer of polarization between single electrons and nuclei, driven by micro-wave irradiation. Since its renaissance at high field in the 90's, due to the introduction of gyrotrons as high-power, high-frequency microwave sources most application of this technique have been samples of biological interest in frozen solution. The long standing interest of our group in the characterization of surface species such as supported catalysts on silica lead us to apply this technique to the study of surfaces. The goal of this thesis is the development of this method, dubbed DNP Surface Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy. To that end, we first introduce new polarizing agents, soluble in organic solvents. The influence of the electron relaxation times on the DNP enhancements is demonstrated and efficient tailored polarizing agents are introduced. The optimization of the sample preparation to obtain optimal sensitivity is also discussed, as well as the interaction between the radical and the surface. These developments made it possible to apply the technique to many functionalized materials, with some examples developed in this manuscript. Finally, the issue of DNP on polarization conductors is discussed, and we show how microcrystals can be efficiently polarized using DNP.
310

Studie molekulárně hmotnostní a konfigurační stability substituovaných polyacetylenů / Study of molecular weight and configurational stability of substituted polyacetylenes

Trhlíková, Olga January 2013 (has links)
3 ABSTRACT Complexes [Rh(cycloolefin)(acac)] (cycloolefin = norborna-2,5-diene, cycloocta- 1,5-diene and cyclooctatetraene) were investigated as catalysts of polymerization of monosubstituted acetylenes into stereoregular cis-transoid polyacetylenes. All complexes were highly active in arylacetylenes polymerizations in both coordinating and non-coordinating solvents. Selection of solvent and cycloolefin ligand of the catalyst allowed the control over polymer MW. The onset of initiation in the [Rh(cycloolefin)(acac)]/monomer systems proceeded as the proton transfer from the monomer molecule to the acac ligand under the release of acetylacetone and coordination of -C≡CR ligand to Rh(cycloolefin) moiety. Cis-transoid poly(phenylacetylene) and poly[(2,4-difluorophenyl)acetylene]s with required initial MW were prepared with these catalysts and submitted to the long-term ageing in which the polymers were exposed to the atmosphere and diffuse daylight either dissolved in tetrahydrofuran or in the solid state. Tightly connected processes of cis-to-trans isomerization of the polymer main-chains double bonds and oxidative degradation were found to proceed during polymers ageing in the solution. Besides, the formation of corresponding cyclotrimers accompanied the polymers ageing. However, the cyclotrimers amount was...

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