The aim of the thesis is to assess the position of women in the labour market in the Czech Republic compared to other EU countries. The theoretical part of the thesis, which is mainly used to familiarize with the terms, is divided into the following topics: labour market, gender and equal opprotunities policy. In the practical part are analysed pure statistical data, which are presented the situation of women in the labour market in the Czech Republic, in regions of the Czech Republic and in European union, where data from the Czech Republic are compared with other EU member states. The obtained data were processed into graphs and tables.

Nos últimos anos, o tema da representação política no contexto brasileiro adquiriu maior relevância na pauta nacional a partir das manifestações de rua que eclodiram por todo o Brasil em junho de 2013. A presente dissertação tem os objetivos de analisar o dever dos partidos de assegurar a autenticidade do sistema representativo sob a perspectiva intrapartidária e de verificar o significado da expressão “igualdade de oportunidades” no direito eleitoral e partidário brasileiro e sua aplicação. A metodologia adotada consiste em pesquisa qualitativa, por meio do método lógicodedutivo de abordagem. A coleta dos documentos e bibliografias foi realizada por meio de pesquisa em livros, periódicos, jurisprudências e artigos armazenados em arquivos públicos, bibliotecas e sites eletrônicos na Internet. O estudo mostra-se relevante em face da perda de confiança nos partidos políticos para a melhoria da democracia representativa brasileira, bem como a intervenção do Supremo Tribunal Federal na legislação eleitoral em nome de um chamado equilíbrio da igualdade política. Nesse contexto, resta à ciência investigar as causas da falha dos partidos políticos no cumprimento do dever de assegurar a autenticidade do sistema representativo e verificar o que se entende pela expressão “igualdade política”. O trabalho foi dividido em quatro capítulos. O primeiro capítulo tem a função de delimitar o horizonte de compreensão a respeito de conceitos e questões fundamentais ao tema. O segundo capítulo tem o escopo de analisar o dever dos partidos de assegurar o sistema representativo sob a perspectiva do princípio da democracia intrapartidária. O terceiro capítulo se ocupa em verificar o significado da expressão “igualdade de oportunidades” no direito eleitoral e partidário brasileiro e sua aplicação. O quarto capítulo trata da análise do conteúdo da última reforma eleitoral realizada em 2015, bem como a PEC do Senado Federal nº 36/2016. / In recent years, the theme of political representation in the Brazilian context has become more relevant in the national agenda, based on the street demonstrations that broke out across Brazil in June 2013. The present dissertation aims to analyze the parties' duty to ensure Authenticity of the representative system from an intraparty perspective and to verify the meaning of the term "equal opportunities" in Brazilian electoral and party law and its application. The Methodology consists of qualitative research, through the logical-deductive method of approach. The collection of documents and bibliographies was conducted through research in books, journals, case law and articles stored in public archives, libraries and electronic websites. The study is relevant in the face of the loss of confidence in political parties to improve representative Brazilian democracy, as well as the intervention of the Federal Supreme Court in electoral legislation in the name of a socalled balance of political equality. In this context, it remains for science to investigate the causes of the failure of political parties to fulfill the duty of ensuring the authenticity of the representative system and to verify what is meant by the term "political equality". The work was divided into four chapters. The first chapter has the function of delimiting the horizon of understanding about concepts and questions fundamental to the theme. The second chapter has the scope of analyzing the duty of the parties to secure the representative system from the perspective of intraparty democracy principle. The third chapter is concerned with verifying the meaning of the term "equal opportunities" in Brazilian electoral and party law and its application. The fourth chapter deals with the analysis of the content of the last electoral reform carried out in 2015, as well as PEC from the Federal Senate nº 36/2016.

nÃo hà / A presente dissertaÃÃo apresenta uma anÃlise crÃtica do Pacto Nacional pela AlfabetizaÃÃo na Idade Certa (PNAIC), polÃtica estabelecida em resposta Ãs prescriÃÃes do Grupo Banco Mundial para o sistema educacional brasileiro, e tem por objetivo central localizÃ-lo como mecanismo de legitimaÃÃo e de dominaÃÃo social. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e bibliogrÃfica apoiada no eixo teÃrico marxista. Optamos pela sÃntese de mÃltiplas determinaÃÃes que nos permite o materialismo histÃrico-dialÃtico e, assim como em Marx, tanto o trajeto expositivo dessa investigaÃÃo quanto o complexo supracitado serÃo guiados pelo nosso objeto. A lÃgica dessa abordagem se dà por meio da concepÃÃo da educaÃÃo como investimento nos homens, ou seja, para a formaÃÃo de capital humano e de capital intelectual que, amparada na ideologia da igualdade das oportunidades, fomenta nos indivÃduos a crenÃa de que todos, independentemente de sua origem social, sÃo capazes de se inserir, equitativamente, na busca individual do desenvolvimento de suas competÃncias e habilidades e, assim, ascenderem socialmente. Essa ascensÃo â ainda que parcial, limitada e baseada na ampliaÃÃo do acesso aos bens de consumo por meio dos programas de endividamento â corrobora com a naturalizaÃÃo das desigualdades, com a ficÃÃo de mudanÃa de classe, para a conformaÃÃo com as condiÃÃes objetivas de existÃncia e para o distanciamento da luta de classes, portanto, para a legitimaÃÃo e a dominaÃÃo social. Observando o papel e os caminhos percorridos pelas agÃncias internacionais sobre o campo educacional do Brasil; o percurso das polÃticas educacionais emergidas do Ãmbito internacional do pÃs-guerra, na virada entre os SÃculos XX e XXI, bem como seu despontamento na trama brasileira no SÃculo XXI e a teoria da igualdade de oportunidades, de FranÃois Dubet â como ideologia que contribui para a legitimaÃÃo e para a naturalizaÃÃo das desigualdades, a educaÃÃo brasileira à aqui pensada no contexto da sociabilidade capitalista e da luta de classes, sob as nuances da economia e da polÃtica internacional. NÃo obstante os limites desvelados e a necessidade de ser mediada por organismos de classe, concluÃmos que a educaÃÃo (com seus sistemas educacionais e escolas) possui um papel imprescindÃvel na socializaÃÃo dos conhecimentos historicamente construÃdos e representa um momento de extrema importÃncia para o desenvolvimento da consciÃncia do proletariado com a fusÃo entre as esferas teÃricas e prÃticas da existÃncia humana, portanto, pode auxiliar na luta da classe trabalhadora por sua emancipaÃÃo. / This dissertation presents a critical analysis of the National Pact for Literacy in the Right Age (Pacto Nacional pela AlfabetizaÃÃo na Idade Certa) - PNAIC, policy established in response to the requirements of the World Bank Group for Brazilian educational system, and has as main objective to find it as a legitimating mechanism of the social domination. This is a documental and bibliographic research supported by the marxist theoretical axis. We opted for the synthesis of multiple determinations that grants us the historical and dialectical materialism, as well as in Marx, both the expository path of this investigation as the mentioned above complex will be guided by our object. The logic of this approach is based on the concept of education as an investment in men, i.e. in the formation of human capital and intellectual capital, based on the ideology of equal opportunities, that promotes in people the belief that everyone, regardless of their social background, are able to enter equitably in the individual pursuit of the development of their skills and abilities and thus to ascend socially. This rise - albeit partial, limited and based on expanding access to consumer goods through indebtedness programs - endorses the naturalization of inequality, the class change fiction, the compliance with the objective conditions of existence and the detachment of the class struggle, therefore, for the legitimation and social domination. Considering the role and the paths taken by international agencies on the educational field in Brazil, regarding the education policies in the international scope that emerged during the post-war decades, continuing on at the turn of the twenty-first century and appeared in the Brazilian scene in early 2000`s, alongside the theory of equal opportunities by FranÃois Dubet - an ideology that legitimizes and naturalizes the inequalities, the Brazilian education is here conceived in the context of capitalist sociability and class struggle, influenced by the nuances of the international economy and politics. Despite the unveiled limits and the need of class organs intermediating, we conclude that education (with the educational systems and schools) has an essential role in the socialization of the knowledge historically constructed and represents a moment of great importance for the development of a proletariat consciousness with the merge between the theoretical and practical spheres of the human existence. Therefore, it can assist in working class struggle for emancipation.

Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS) / There have been good arguments made for the development of aggressive affirmative action policies with the end goal of quickly moving black South Africans into corporate and high ranks within management of organisations. One of the central arguments in favour of aggressive AA policies is the risk of racial polarization post-apartheid should a quick fix not be initiated. It makes good business and economic sense for AA policies to be implemented as black consumers coupled with black managers will have the eventual end point of lower unemployment and crime, through job creation and security of the representative majority. / South Africa

The thesis is concerned with finding potential obstacles women must overcome in building a professional career. I analyze legal documents that guarantee the principle of equal treatment for women and men. I go through secondary statistical data to ascertain the cause of the existence of the difference in employment rates between women and men. In the empirical part, through personal interviews with women managers I analyze the sources of motivation, which led them to build a career.

This thesis deals with diversity and its level in the company CSOB. The main objective is to describe the current situation, make an analysis, identify strengths and weaknesses and come up with suggestions for the company and government, which would have positive effect on diversity. The methods used in this work include an analysis of internal documents, comparison of theory and practise and personal interview with responsible manager. The thesis is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is based on study of literature, legislation and actual studies and focuses on definitions and theoretical bases. The practical part contains an introduction of CSOB and evaluation of the state support effectiveness. Next part is focused on description of current activities in the company that support diversity and analysis of its current level. The final part contains recommendations for the company and government that should lead to an improvement of the current situation.

The diploma thesis deals with discrimination of women in the labour law, specifically in employment, access to employment and treatment at workplace. The goal of the thesis is to map the legislation of the principles of non-discrimination and equal opportunities in both Czech and European union law systems, another goal is research the reality of application of these rules and principles by the employers in companies operating in the Czech republic. The thesis first summarizes the legislation of these principles in the Czech law system and subsequently in the law system of the European union. Then it contains a practical part with a research made at 15 companies operating in the Czech republic.

The topic of the thesis entitled "Age diversity - promoting equal opportunities in RWE" is an analysis of diversity management tools specific to the company from 2011 to 2012, defining age management and proposing an action plan of age diversity in the company for the years 2013 and 2014. The theoretical part of the thesis defines the basic concepts needed to deal with the issues such as equal opportunities, diversity, age management. The thesis includes a description of the historical development of diversity management, including the legislative framework in the EU and the Czech Republic. Age management is the management with regard to the age and abilities of employees and, as such, is clearly related to demographic changes of society. The thesis summarizes the forecasts of demographic development provided by ČSÚ, indicating that the demographic situation in the Czech Republic leads to the aging of population. In the practical part of the thesis is an analysis of the project "Diversity" of RWE Group on 31 December 2012, particularly with regard to the application of tools for age diversity, analysis of diversity of the labor force, and the definition of a job potential. Analysis results are compared with those of selected companies in age management. Based on the findings an action plan of age diversity of the RWE Group for next period is designed. The aim of the thesis is to verify the positive benefits of age diversity for the RWE Group in the Czech Republic.

Title: Women in decision making bodies in Czech sport (focus on federations of Czech Sport Union) Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis based on existing theoretical knowledge is find out what is the representation of women in management positions of sports associations is, to reveal the reasons or fears of women to become sports officials and to assess the possibilities or interest in becoming part of management structures. Methods: The main method is the questionnaire survey method. Women in the management structures of sports associations were asked to answer particular set of questions. Contacts for the interviewed women were obtained by analyzing secondary data from the websites of individual sports associations. Results: Due to the secondary data analysis the numerical representation of women and men as sports officials was determined. However, the numbers are rough regarding the lack of union numerical data. Both, the analysis and the questionnaire survey confirmed the numerical superiority of men in almost all unions. In most cases, women also state they work voluntarily within the union and are most represented between the ages of 36 and 60.They find reasons for low interest in becoming a sports officials mainly because the activity takes too much time and the main obstacles include...

1 ABSTRACT The aim of the thesis was to explore the approach of schools towards trans and nonbinary students in Czech Republic. The theoretical part presents an analysis and comparison of various approaches to this issue and places it in the context of the Czech educational system. The practical part of the thesis brings quantitative research devoted to the assessment of the whole situation in a comprehensive form from the perspective of trans and nonbinary students themselves, with an extension of qualitative insight. The survey conducted through electronic questionnaires focused on experiences in the field of: school procedure after coming out; solving specific situations; the school's approach to queer and gender themes; safety in the school environment. The research involved 105 people who provided 122 experiences from schools in primary, secondary and tertiary education. The results provided a detailed description of the current situation and its significant diversity, while also pointing to specific problematic aspects and differences in the degree of respect for the identities of students growing along with the level of education. The variability of research results and frequently mentioned disregarding attitudes and approaches correlate with the theoretical finding that there are no officially...