本論文研究主題是「私募股權基金法規規範之理論與實務」，透過比較法之方式，本論文首先說明外國私募股權基金之實務運作、風險及相關法規規定，再者分析外國私募股權基金在我國之具體個案，瞭解其失敗或成功之原因，以探討我國法律適用於具體個案之相關問題。 本論文分為七章。第一章說明論文研究動機、目的及範圍。第二章闡述私募股權之定義，並探討私募股基金之種類，復剖析私募股權基金之特點及優缺點。第三章分析私募基金可能造成之風險。第四章主要探討先進國家對私募股權基金之規範及監管方式，包括美國、英國、日本等國。第五章說明外國私募股權基金在我國之發展及分析我國私募制度之規範。第六章探討我國政府就私募股權基金併購活動之現行相關法律規範，並探討我國目前法令之缺失或不足。第七章為總結。 關鍵字：私募股權基金、私募、併購 / This thesis focuses on the issue concerning “the theory and practice of the legal system of private equity funds.”By adopting the method of comparative legal study, the author first illustrates the practice, risk and regulations of foreign private equity funds. Further, this thesis discusses the actual transactions conducted by foreign private equity funds in Taiwan. Through the analysis of the reason for the success or failure of such transactions, the author discusses the problems arising when applying current laws to such transactions conducted by foreign private equity funds. This thesis is comprised of seven chapters. Chapter One explains the motivation, purpose and scope of the thesis. Chapter Two illustrates the definition of private equity fund as well as types, pros and cons of private equity funds. Chapter Three analyzes the risks caused by private equity funds. Chapter Four discusses regulations and supervision over private equity funds in developed countries, such as the U.S., U.K, and Japan. Chapter Five states the development of foreign private equity funds in Taiwan and introduces the private placement system of Taiwan. Chapter Six discusses the current regulations concerning M&A transactions conducted by foreign private equity funds and analyzes the demerit or deficiency of these regulations. Chapter Seven finalizes the issues raised in the previous chapters and reaches the conclusion of this thesis. Keywords: private equity fund, private placement, merger and acquisition

台股基金淨資產規模在2007年10月底創下5,251億元台幣高水位後，隨即因全球次貸危機而一路挫低至2009年1月的2,283億元台幣，衰退幅度高達56.5%。之後雖逐漸自風暴中走出，但至今仍未再現5,000億元規模時之風華。因此，台股基金市場成長受限之論點四處流竄。為客觀實證台股基金市場未來成長性之可能走向，本研究擬運用複迴歸分析模型探討市場論點--「台股基金市場成長性受限」之可信度。 本研究係以台股基金單位數月變動量為被解釋變數，並擇取外銷訂單月變動量、台銀一年期定存利率月變動量、台灣加權指數月底收盤變動量、外資月買/賣超金額、整體台股基金平均月報酬率相對大盤月報酬率、整體台股基金Sharpe ratio相對大盤Sharpe ratio、台股基金月變動檔數、ETF單位數月變動量、境外基金業務、全權委託業務、1997亞洲金融風暴及2007全球次貸危機等12項數列為解釋變數，進行必要之調整後，以複迴歸模型分析而得具顯著解釋力之模型。 而分析模型中的12個解釋變數，有8個變數p-value在5%顯著水準之下，具顯著解釋力。僅外銷訂單月變動量、ETF單位數月變動量、境外基金業務及2007全球次貸危機對台股基金單位數變動量之解釋力不顯著。 此外，複迴歸分析模型所呈現之樣本外預測值僅於窄幅中波動，顯示2010/11-2011/12台股基金單位數預測值變動幅度不大。而Holt Winters所呈現之預測值更顯露出疲態，呈現一等差下降趨勢。此分析結果正與市場論點--「台股基金市場成長性受限」一說相呼應。 / October 2007, net assets of Taiwan domestic equity funds reached the historical high, NT$ 525.1billion. After that, net assets setback to NT$ 228.3 billion in January 2009 due to global subprime mortgage crisis, declining by as much as 56.5%. Although the market has gradually ridden out the crisis, the fund scale has not yet retrieved the plateau of NT$ 500 billion. Therefore, an argument is ubiquitous in the market which implies that the growth potential of Taiwan domestic equity fund has been capped. For verifying the credibility of this argument, the empirical study would apply for multiple regression to research it. This study defines monthly changes in Taiwan domestic equity fund units as a dependent variable. 8 out of 12 explanatory variables which p-values are below the 5% significance level tend to reject the null hypotheses. That represents these variables are significantly explanatory. Monthly changes in the amount of export orders, monthly changes ETF units, offshore fund business and the 2007 subprime mortgage crisis are only 4 variables which are not significantly explanatory for dependent variable. In addition, multiple regression analysis model shows that fund unit forecasts from Nov. 2010 to Dec. 2011 fluctuate in a very narrow range. That reveals the forecasted fund units among Nov. 2010 – Dec. 2011 just have modest changes. At the same time, the forecasted fund units from Holt Winters expose the weakness, showing a downward trend in arithmetic. Both of results from multiple regression and Holt Winters seem to identically echo the market argument –‘the growth potential of Taiwan domestic equity fund market has been capped.’

近年來，市場低利率環境、證券市場之高報酬率吸引歐美私募基金業者蜂擁進入亞洲新興資本市場。在2001年時就有相關報告指出中國大陸已存在數千家私募基金，2009年「創業板」推出，幾十家由私募基金投資的企業相繼掛牌上市，私募基金在中國大陸的發展如火如茶。近年來因為其彈性之營運模式，已逐漸吸引全球資本市場之焦點。惟亞洲新興市場目前法律針對私募基金之相關規定，相較於歐美等發展較完備之資本市場，無論於私募基金之法律架構、私募基金之監理模式以及私募基金較常見之交易模式如公開收購、融資收購等，相關之法律規範仍尚待建立。 中國大陸對私募股權投資基金不論是中央各部會之間或是地方政府，近年來均分別推出多項法令，雖然有不少創新突破，但也有扞格及不足之處，本文針對中國大陸私募股權投資基金相關法規，探討私募股權投資基金的發展現狀及問題。 / According to the relevant report in 2001,there were thousands of Private Funds in Mainland China. In 2009, there were tens of Private Funds invested companies got public listed successfully due to the emerging of growth enterprise market. The development of private fund in China is getting quicker and more prosperous. However, in the contrary to the rapid growth in private fund markets, the government legislation in such fields is far away from effectiveness. China still lacks of a unified, effective Private Fund monitoring system. This dissertation tried to provide advises on establishing and perfecting the monitoring system for Chinese Private Equity Fund by analyzing the development, operational risk and the necessity of monitoring system .Also it tried to conduct researches on the overseas legislation on the Monitoring the Private Equity Fund, so that to better protecting the investors, to maintain the safety of the market, and to accelerate the healthy development of Chinese Private Equity Fund.

台新金控購併彰化銀行可以說是台灣金融業擬以融資購併方式進行合併的第一案，本研究希望透過分析此個案，了解台新金控購併的目的、資金來源與後續合併換股可能衍生之議題，為未來公股釋出，以及金融整併提供可行之方法。 本文就融資購併理論架構說明起，以當前台灣金融政策與購併環境現況分析，這包括實際已發生的金融購併案件及金融購併法規探討，它突顯出台灣在金融合併處理上是保守的。 / / The M&A of Taishin Holdings Cooperation (THC) and Chang Hwa Bank (CHB) could be regarded as the first M&A (Merge and Acquisition) by LBO ( Leverage Buy-out) in Taiwan. This study, by analyzing this case, discusses the purpose, the funding source of THC and the issues after shares-exchange, which indicates the feasible methods for the release of the state holdings and the combination of the financial institutes in the future. The beginning of this study discusses the theory and the structure of LBO to analyze the financial policy and M&A environment in Taiwan at present, including practical M&A cases and legal problems etc., which reveals not very aggressive. /

在中國大陸的法律環境中，外商私募股權基金是較新的議題，它同時牽涉了「外商投資」與「私募股權投資」兩個領域。因此，就外商私募股權基金而言，其為中國大陸在國外法律繼受嬗變後，再於法律雙軌制下的二次嬗變。 外商私募股權基金，是指由外國投資者注資或者外國投資者管理的私募股權基金。因此，它的市場屬性為「外國直接投資」、「國際金融服務」。 由於中國大陸對外商採取「外資法群」進行規範，而並沒有一部外商法典做集中、統一的規定。因此，彼此間存在一定程度的分散、重複、衝突等問題。再加上中國大陸對外商、內資採取雙軌制立法，故法律規範雖有創新但也常有彼此扞格或不足之處。也因此造成運作上的幾個問題：外匯管制、投資待遇、雙軌制、地方政府隨意的政策、實務操作的衝突(投資協議、有限合夥)、及優先股的欠缺。 財經法律因應經濟市場而生，惟經濟市場逐年改變。外商私募股權基金既是經濟市場的產物，就無法透過行政力量加以限制，也無需透過偏頗政策揠苗助長。僅需創造一個平等的法治環境，讓市場自行運作。 本文探討中國大陸對外商私募股權基金相關法規的發展現狀、投資障礙與內外資衝突等議題。除對如何完善立法略盡棉薄之力外，並希冀能提供台灣投資者於前進中國大陸時有所參考。 / In the legal environment of China, the foreign private equity fund is a relatively new issue, it involves two areas of "foreign investment" and "private equity investment” simultaneously. Therefore, with respect to the foreign private equity fund, it is subject to transmutation of foreign laws and subsequently the second transmutation under the dual system of laws in China. The foreign private equity funds refer to the private equity funds injected by foreign investors or managed by foreign investors. Therefore, its market attribute to the "foreign direct investment", "international financial service." Although China has adopted a series of laws to regulate foreign enterprises, there is not one foreign investment code as centralized and unified regulation. Thus, there exists a certain degree of dispersion, overlap, conflict problems among them. Along with the duel system of legislation adopted for foreign enterprises and domestic investments, there are often discrepancies or deficiencies between the legal requirements, although they have been innovated. This resulted in several operational problems: foreign exchange controls, investment treatments, duel system, arbitrary policies of local governments, conflict in practices (investment agreement, limited partnership), and the lack of preference shares. Financial laws are established in response to the market economy, but the economic market changes every year. Since the foreign private equity funds are the production of the market economy, they cannot be restricted only by the administrative power, and they don’t need partial polices to pull up. They only require creating an equal legal environment to make the market operate under its own mechanism. This paper discovers the issues with respect to the current development status of related regulations on the foreign private equity funds, foreign investment barriers and conflicts between domestic and foreign investment in China. In addition to make a little contribution to improve the legislation, it’s also expected to provide reference to Taiwan investors for developing business in China.

Utifrån den tidigare forskningen har det varit skiljaktigheter angående hur hållbara investeringar presterar i förhållande till avkastning och risk jämfört med konventionella investeringar. Samtidigt har intresset för hållbara investeringarna ökat vilket medför att det finns ett intresse att analysera hur hållbara investeringar förhåller sig inom avkastning och risk.Denna studie avser att beskriva och analysera hur hållbara aktiefonder förhåller sig i avkastning och risk jämfört med konventionella aktiefonder. Vidare studeras om det råder ett samband mellan hållbarhet och avkastning. I denna kvantitativa studie analyseras den svenska och irländska aktiefondmarknaden under 2016–2022 med totalt 310 slumpmässigt valda aktiefonder, både hållbara och konventionella, med måttet Jensens Alpha. Studiens resultat visade att ett statistiskt signifikant samband mellan hållbarhet och avkastning inte kan fastställas. Följaktligen visade det ingen statistisk signifikant skillnad i avkastning för det svenska aktiefonderna medan irländska hållbara aktiefonder hade en statistisk signifikant lägre avkastning jämfört med de konventionella motsvarigheterna. Vidare visade irländska hållbaraaktiefonder en lägre risk medan svenska hållbara aktiefonder innehade en högre risk jämfört med marknadernas konventionella aktiefonder. / There have been conflicting results from previous research regarding sustainable investing and its financial return compared to regular investment alternatives. Simultaneously, the trend towards sustainable investing has grown significantly in recent times, prompting a keen interest in understanding the effect of sustainable investing on investors, specifically in terms of returns and risks. This study aims to provide insights into sustainable investments in equity funds, specifically in terms of returns and risks, when compared to conventional equity funds. Using Jensen's Alpha methodology, a quantitative study was conducted on 310 randomly selectedequity funds, from both sustainable and conventional categories in Sweden and Ireland during the period of 2016-2022. The main findings showed that there is no strong statistical correlation between sustainability and financial returns. Furthermore, the study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in returns for Swedish equity funds, whereas Irish sustainable equity funds exhibited statistically significantly lower returns in comparison to their conventional counterparts. Regarding risk, the study demonstrates that Irish sustainable equity funds carried lower risk, while Swedish sustainable equity funds performed with a higher risk when compared to their conventional counterparts.