No description available.

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This thesis evaluates the ISO 9241 Part 7, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 7: Requirements for display with reflections. The thesis involved two phases of effort that evaluated the photometric measurements required in the ISO standard in terms of subjective image quality judgments. In phase one, seven monitors were evaluated photometrically according to the ISO 9241-7 standard to determine whether they were Class I, II, or III. Additionally, glare filters were attached to monitors to see if they change the ISO classification of the monitor. The results of phase one indicated that positive polarity always yielded either Class I or Class II because the Large Source, Screen Image Luminance Ratio (LR BDS/FDS) and the Specular Reflection Luminance Ratio (LR BDS/BD) always passed. Conversely, negative polarity always produced Class II or Class III because the Small Source, Specular Reflection Luminance Ratio (LR BDS/BD) failed every time. Also, the AF 150 and HF 300 were the best filters for reducing glare on monitors. The BF 10 and AF 100 or AF 200 ,on the other hand, were the worst because they intensified screen reflections. In phase two, human image quality judgments were collected to determine if people rated Class I, II, or III monitor-filter combinations differently under different lighting and different screen polarity conditions. Specifically, phase two assessed the effects of seven monitor/add-on glare filter combinations, five ambient lighting conditions, and two screen polarities on subjective image quality ratings. Each participant provided subjective image quality judgments by viewing alphanumeric text on the CRT screens. Subjective scale values also were correlated with ISO classifications and two ISO metrics: screen image luminance ratio (Diffuse, 200 lux) and specular reflection image luminance ratio. The ANOVA findings indicated that specular glare significantly degrades image quality ratings more than diffuse glare. The author contends that this finding is the result of an experimental context effect. In other words, the specular glare was so influential on subjective ratings of image quality that subjects paid little or no attention to reductions in contrast from the diffuse lighting conditions. The correlation analysis showed that the specular reflection luminance ratio and the negative polarity classifications did index subjective quality ratings. Finally, this thesis establishes a human factors basis to justify the measurement requirements in the ISO 9241-7 standard. Specifically, the findings show that it underemphasizes the contribution of the specular reflection luminance ratio' and overemphasizes the contribution of the screen image luminance ratio to compliance classification calculations, because the procedure gives equal weight to both ratios. / Master of Science

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-20T12:24:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGFB.pdf: 4714978 bytes, checksum: 418d994bec2ad1909fecea7a13c3a3bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T12:31:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGFB.pdf: 4714978 bytes, checksum: 418d994bec2ad1909fecea7a13c3a3bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T12:31:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGFB.pdf: 4714978 bytes, checksum: 418d994bec2ad1909fecea7a13c3a3bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T12:32:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGFB.pdf: 4714978 bytes, checksum: 418d994bec2ad1909fecea7a13c3a3bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Prefabricated building systems in Light Steel Frame - LSF are widely used in developed countries like England, Japan and USA. As constructive process, the LSF shows a progress compared to the traditional system is characterized by being an industrial building, rationalized with high productivity and require one skilled labor. The ergonomic point of view, such a system offers significant improvements in employees' working conditions and despite these improvements are significant, we can still identify ergonomic problems related to the activities of workers. In this context, this work aims, through ergonomic work analysis - AET, to survey the critical activities performed during the construction process and a diagnosis of the situations encountered on site. This research is exploratory to be keen to discover and observe phenomena, trying to describe them, classify them and interpret them and their driving was used as a research method, the case study. To capture the data, makes use of ergonomic analysis of manual work - EWA (Ergonomic Workplace Analysis), METs (The standard metabolic equivalent) and OCRA (Occupational repetitive actions) in which the following items were considered: Load-lifting, accident risk, attention, general physical activity, working postures and movements and repetitiveness of the work. Among the main findings stand out: the high risk of this accident carrying out the work due to organizational process of the company, moderate caloric expenditure in the execution of activities and high IE OCRA present in fixing activities (screwing) the structures and the sealing elements. / Sistemas construtivos pré-fabricados em Light Steel Frame - LSF são amplamente utilizados em países desenvolvidos como Inglaterra, Japão e EUA. Como processo construtivo, o LSF apresenta uma evolução quando comparado com o sistema tradicional, caracteriza-se por ser uma construção industrializada, racionalizada, com elevada produtividade e por demandar uma mão de obra capacitada. Do ponto de vista ergonômico, esse sistema apresenta melhoras significativas nas condições de trabalho dos trabalhadores e, apesar dessas melhoras serem significativas, ainda podemos identificar problemas ergonômicos relacionados às atividades dos trabalhadores. Dentro desse contexto, esse trabalho busca, por meio da análise ergonômica do trabalho – AET, realizar um levantamento das atividades críticas desenvolvidas durante o processo construtivo e realizar um diagnóstico das situações encontradas em obras. Essa pesquisa tem caráter exploratório por estar interessada em descobrir e observar fenômenos, procurando descrevê-los, classificá-los e interpretá-los e na sua condução utilizou-se como método de pesquisa o estudo de caso. Para a captura dos dados, fez-se uso de três instrumentos ergonômicos: manual de análise ergonômica do local de trabalho – EWA (Ergonomic Workplace Analysis), MET's (The Standard Metabolic Equivalent) e do OCRA (Occupational repetitive actions). Foram considerados os seguintes itens para avaliação: elevação de carga, riscos de acidente, atenção, atividade física geral, posturas de trabalho e movimentos e repetitividade do trabalho. Dentre os principais resultados obtidos, destacam-se: o elevado risco de acidente presente na execução da obra, devido ao processo organizacional da empresa, gasto calórico moderado na execução das atividades e elevado IE OCRA presente nas atividades de fixação (parafusamento) das estruturas e dos elementos de vedação.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-17T11:18:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLCC.pdf: 9084435 bytes, checksum: da33f0c1a0e3d47fafd347db42d4d2dc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-21T13:59:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLCC.pdf: 9084435 bytes, checksum: da33f0c1a0e3d47fafd347db42d4d2dc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-21T13:59:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLCC.pdf: 9084435 bytes, checksum: da33f0c1a0e3d47fafd347db42d4d2dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-21T13:59:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLCC.pdf: 9084435 bytes, checksum: da33f0c1a0e3d47fafd347db42d4d2dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) / Civil construction is one of the activities that generates most jobs in the country, owning handmade construction methods and with few technological innovations. It notes that the number of workers in that area is significant because of the diversity of existing activities in a building. In the case of the reinforcing steel service, tasks are performed manually and request different degrees of effort, which when applied recursively, with tools and equipment unsuitable and inadequate workplace, may cause damage to the health and comfort of workers. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the ergonomic working conditions of the reinforcing steel service. Therefore, we used the methodology of the Ergonomic Assessment Method for Task Analysis (AET), aided by three ergonomic tools: Ergonomic Workplace Analysis (EWA), the Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) and the Occupational Repetitive Actions (OCRA). Considering these factors analyzed, with photographic records, interviews and site visiting to watch the worker during his tasks, the actual conditions of the job were studied, trying to analyze everyday work situations, health and safety of workers and featuring, thus, the workplace conditions during reinforcing steel service. The results corroborate the existence of working inadequate postures while performing the task. According to ergonomic tool EWA the most critical ergonomic factor detected was related to Working Postures and Movement, followed by Load Lifting factor. Among the activities analyzed using this ergonomic analysis instrument, the one which presented more critic was related to the assembly of reinforcement for beams. According to the ergonomic analysis instrument MET, tasks with higher energy expenditure and metabolic expenditure were related to Receiving and Storage of steel bars. Among the operation inherent to each task of reinforcement service, there is the tie bars with annealed wire. Finally, it is concluded that the index of exposure OCRA for the activity of tie bars with annealed wire presents imminent risk to all analyzed situations. / A construção civil é uma das atividades que mais gera empregos no país, possuindo métodos construtivos tradicionais e com poucas inovações tecnológicas. Cabe ressaltar que a quantidade de trabalhadores nessa área é bastante significativa, devido à diversidade de atividades existentes em uma edificação. No caso do serviço de armação, as tarefas são executadas, em sua maioria, manualmente e solicitam diferentes graus de esforços que, quando aplicados de modo recorrente, com ferramentas e equipamentos impróprios e postos de trabalho inadequados, podem causar danos à saúde e ao conforto do trabalhador. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar as condições ergonômicas do trabalho no serviço de armação. Para tanto, empregou-se a metodologia da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET), auxiliada por três instrumentos de análise ergonômica: Ergonomic Workplace Analysis (EWA), o Equivalente Metabólico (MET) e o Occupational Repetitive Actions (OCRA). Considerando tais fatores analisados, com registros fotográficos, entrevistas e acompanhamentos, foram estudadas as reais condições do posto de trabalho, buscando analisar as situações cotidianas de trabalho, saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores e caracterizando, assim, as condições do posto de trabalho durante o serviço de armação. Os resultados encontrados corroboram a existência de posturas inadequadas de trabalho durante a execução da tarefa. De acordo com o instrumento ergonômico EWA o fator ergonômico mais crítico detectado foi relacionado a Posturas de Trabalho e Movimentos, seguido pelo fator Levantamento de Carga. Dentre as atividades analisadas utilizando este instrumento ergonômico, a que se apresentou mais crítica foi a relacionada à montagem das armaduras para as vigas. De acordo com o instrumento de análise ergonômica MET, as tarefas com maior gasto energético ou gasto metabólico foram as relacionadas ao Recebimento e Estocagem das barras de aço. Entre as operações inerentes a cada tarefa do serviço de armação, destaca-se o amarre das barras com arame recozido. Finalmente, conclui-se que o índice de exposição OCRA para a atividade de amarre das barras com arame recozido apresenta risco iminente para todas as situações analisadas.

Gesetzliche Vorschriften verlangen bei Konstruktion und Inverkehrbringen von Maschinen die Beachtung einer wachsenden Anzahl von Normen und Richtlinien. Zunehmend spielt ebenso die Einhaltung ergonomischer Standards sowohl für den Gesetzgeber als auch für die Kunden eine immer wichtigere Rolle. Die Umsetzung dieser Forderungen gestaltet sich für Konstrukteure durch die Vielzahl von Vorschriften in unterschiedlichsten Quellen schwierig, insbesondere in kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen. Die ergonomiegerechte Konstruktion von Maschinen wird in Zukunft, unabhängig von der Unternehmens- und Auftragsgröße, ein wichtiger Erfolgsfaktor für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit jedes Unternehmens im Maschinenbau sein. Konstrukteure stehen insbesondere vor der Aufgabe, Gesundheitsrisiken für das Bedienpersonal frühzeitig zu erkennen, Belastungssituationen abzuschätzen, ergonomische Problembereiche zu identifizieren und mit geeigneten konzeptuellen Lösungen zu begegnen. Dafür spielen Ergonomiebewertungen innerhalb von Risikoanalysen eine entscheidende Rolle. Ergonomiegerecht konstruierte Maschinen bieten marktrelevante Vorteile für den Hersteller. Neben der Reduzierung von Folgekosten durch Nachrüsten, Service und Support spielt die erhöhte Kundenzufriedenheit eine wichtige Rolle.

El presente estudio tuvo como fin dar solución a la variabilidad en las ventas generadas por el ausentismo laboral relacionado con las actividades de trabajo en las que se desempeñan. Ante esto se empezó realizando un diagnóstico de la situación actual ergonómica de la empresa, lo cual permitió identificar la existencia de riesgos en los procesos de aprovisionamiento, empaquetado y distribución, los cuales necesitaban intervención de manera inmediata ya qué el causante de esta problemática está relacionado con las formas, posiciones y condiciones en las que trabajan. Inicialmente se aplicó un CHECK LIST DE LA R.M. 375-2008-TR CRITERIO DE RIESGOS DISERGONOMICOS, la cual tiene como fin determinar que riesgos se encuentran presentes en la empresa, la cual después de su aplicación arrojo que de los 5 incisos que se consideran, 3 resultaron no cumpliendo, indicando que existen problemas ergonómicos en dichos procesos y que necesitan una evaluación. Para esta evaluación inmediata se empleó la metodología para la identificación de riesgos, dejando como resultado que el proceso de aprovisionamiento junto al de distribución presentan un riesgo alto en el criterio de levantamiento manual de carga y deben ser evaluados y cambiado de manera inmediata. A fin de dar solución al problema encontrado se plantea la implementación de un programa ergonómico, el cual contiene controles que van desde la entrega de un manual ergonómico, programa de capacitaciones, programa de pausas activas, diseño de una estación de trabajo en el proceso de empaquetado y la de implementar carros transportadores para las etapas de aprovisionamiento y distribución. Finalmente se realizó un flujo de caja pre y post para evidenciar si la implementación generará mayor rentabilidad en la empresa, determinando que al comparar un determinado periodo de tiempo del año 2018, nos arroja un VAN de $14,604.10 y un TIR de 13%, mientras que la del año 2020 nos arroja un VAN de $46,788.68 y un TIR de 80%, lo cual demuestra un incremento favorable en la parte financiera de la empresa, haciendo que este estudio cumpla con la hipótesis planteada. / The present study aimed to provide a solution to the variability in sales generated by absenteeism related to the working conditions in which they work. In view of this, we began by making a diagnosis of the current ergonomic situation of the company, which allowed us to identify the existence of risks in the processes (supply, packaging and distribution) which need intervention quickly and what the cause of this problem is related to the forms and conditions in which they work, initially applying a CHECK LIST FOR R. M. 375-2008-TR CRITERIA FOR DYGONOMIC RISKS, which showed that, of the 5 points it considers, 3 were not fulfilled, indicating that there are ergonomic problems in these processes and that they need an immediate evaluation. For this immediate evaluation the methodology for the identification of risks was used, leaving as a result that the process of provisioning together with the distribution process present a high risk in the criterion of manual lifting of the load and must be evaluated and changed immediately. In order to solve the problem found, an ergonomic program was implemented, which contains controls that range from the delivery of an ergonomic manual, training program, active break program, design of the workstation in the packaging process and the implementation of conveyor carts for the supply and distribution stages. Finally, a pre and post cash flow was carried out to show if the implementation will generate greater profitability in the company, determining that when comparing a certain period of time in 2018, it gives us a NPV of $ 14,604.10 and an IRR of 13%, while that of the year 2020 gives us a NPV of $ 46,788.68 and an IRR of 80%, which shows a favorable increase in the financial part of the company, making this study comply with the hypothesis raised

No description available.

Eine Digitalisierung des EAWS-Verfahrens kann bei der Identifikation ergonomischer Probleme und der Ableitung darauf aufbauender Maßnahmen unterstützen. Aktuelle EAWS-Digitalisierungen beschränken sich mehrheitlich auf die Darstellung von EAWS-Punkten und Belastungen. Um EAWS-Auswertungen bedarfsgerecht weiterzuent-wickeln, wurden mit Hilfe einer Online-Befragung der Bedarf und die Anforderungen an EAWS-Auswertungsfunktionen und Gestaltungs-elemente ermittelt. Hierzu wurden auch der EAWS-Nutzungskontext sowie die eingesetzten EAWS-Auswertungssysteme und deren Bewertung erhoben. Insgesamt nahmen 61 Personen u. a. aus den Bereichen Arbeits-planung, IE, Ergonomie, Gesundheitswesen und Management teil. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, für was das EAWS-Verfahren eingesetzt wird, welche Personen daran beteiligt sind, welche Systeme genutzt und welchen Auswertungsfunktionen ein besonderer Bedarf zugeordnet wird. Daraus lassen sich Schwerpunkte für die Weiterentwicklung von EAWS-Auswertungen ableiten.