Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaCTC-pag1-116pdf.pdf: 2597744 bytes, checksum: 158ff4574037516d897f19be84f2368a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-16 / This dissertation is about Architect and town planner inserts in the technical support of the Rural establishment and of the possibilities of changes in their habitat. It also looks for its participation through the production of those spaces with or without its performance through two references cases, in Rio Grande do Norte , one called settlement Eldorado de Caraj?s and another one called Maria da Paz. At first the process represents the model that was adopted systematically by Incra until the middle of the year 2000 with the sub-contracting of their construction work through small companies. These standardized projects which are executed without registration in the system CONFEA/CREA without demand of professional authorship and of technical responsibility of the work. But the process taken place at Maria da Paz s area was configured as one of the first initiatives that stopped with those practices. Consolidated through a partnership among UFRN MST and INCRA/RN, the Architect s technical support and town planner brought new technician-scientific organization and execution of the soil parcels and its habitat. The participation of UFRN was done through a group of studies in land reform and Habitat (GERAH) being this author and coordinator of the methodological proposal, based on the regressive-progressive method and in the inclusion of the conflict as responsible of the ruptures and transductions both done by Henry L?f?bvre and in the research action approached by Carlos Brand?o. Therefore it included the process of social learning and collective production of new knowledge and attitudes in relation to the environment in the process called as attended self management in spite of the transformations happened with this new agent s participation. The people re-located to the new areas that got involved in the process and finished their constructions reelaborating the daily practice of the collective effort passed to the self management without technical support. Years later the implantation of those two experiences our research verified that there is a positive image concerning the Architect and town planner, related, most of all to the conception of the activities, orientation and execution of constructions projects and of acceptance of those professionals to the processes of implementation of the Habitats of the Rural establishments. This dissertation analyses this form of performance, from and beyond these images trying to find the professional, specificities or methodological in such a way to demonstrate the importance of its insertion in the formulation and attendance of the more of 100.000 habitats of Rural establishments of the land reform of the country that correspond to most of the housing social interest in the country side / Esta disserta??o trata da inser??o do arquiteto e urbanista na assist?ncia t?cnica dos assentamentos rurais e das possibilidades de mudan?as em seus habitats. Busca tamb?m, perceber sua participa??o e imagem, atrav?s da produ??o desses espa?os com e sem a sua atua??o, atrav?s de duas refer?ncias no Rio Grande do Norte Assentamentos Eldorado dos Caraj?s e Maria da Paz. No primeiro, o processo representa o modelo que foi adotado, sistematicamente, pelo INCRA at? meados de 2000, com a terceiriza??o de suas constru??es atrav?s de pequenas empresas. Estas executavam projetos padronizados, sem registro no sistema CONFEA/CREA, sem exig?ncia de autoria profissional e de responsabilidade t?cnica da obra. J? o processo do Maria da Paz se configurou como uma das primeiras iniciativas que romperam com essas pr?ticas. Consolidada atrav?s de uma parceria entre a UFRN, MST e INCRA/RN, a assist?ncia t?cnica do arquiteto e urbanista trouxe novos par?metros t?cnico-cient?ficos ao planejamento, organiza??o e execu??o do parcelamento do solo e do seu habitat. A participa??o da UFRN se deu atrav?s do Grupo de Estudos em Reforma Agr?ria e Habitat (GERAH), sendo este o idealizador e coordenador da proposta metodol?gica, baseada no m?todo regressivo-progressivo e na inclus?o do conflito como desencadeador de rupturas e transdu??o, ambos elaborados por Henry L?f?bvre, e na pesquisa-a??o abordada por Carlos Brand?o. Incluiu, portanto, o processo de aprendizagem social e produ??o coletiva de novos conhecimentos e atitudes em rela??o ao meio ambiente no processo chamado de autogest?o assistida. Apesar das transforma??es ocorridas com a participa??o deste novo agente, os assentados se apropriaram do processo e terminaram suas constru??es re-elaborando a pr?tica cotidiana do mutir?o, passando ? autogest?o sem assist?ncia t?cnica. Anos ap?s a implanta??o dessas duas experi?ncias, a pesquisa por n?s realizada constatou que h? uma imagem positiva do arquiteto e urbanista, relacionada, sobretudo, ?s atividades de concep??o, orienta??o e execu??o de projetos de edifica??es e da assist?ncia desses profissionais aos processos de implanta??o dos habitats dos assentamentos rurais. O trabalho analisa esta forma de atua??o, a partir e al?m dessas imagens, buscando encontrar as especificidades profissionais ou metodol?gicas, de modo a demonstrar a import?ncia da sua inser??o na formula??o e acompanhamento dos mais de 100.000 habitats de assentamentos rurais de reforma agr?ria do Pa?s, que correspondem ? maior parte da habita??o de interesse social no campo

Le Congo a signé bon nombre d'accords internationaux relatifs à la protection du droit à la santé. Cependant, en dépit de la signature et la ratification de ces accords, le droit à la santé n'est pas encore devenu un droit protégé stricto sensu et la population congolaise connait toujours de grands écueils dans l'accès aux soins. D'aucuns affirment que cette notion "d'accès aux soins" n'est qu'un slogan au Congo. Que la santé ne fait pas partie des priorités de politiques publiques et que le manque de volonté des autorités publiques comme en témoigne l'absence d'assurance maladie ne rendent pas possible le recours effectif aux soins. D'autres nuancent par contre ces affirmations et considèrent que même si,des difficultés existent dans l'accès aux soins au Congo, ces difficultés ne sont pas spécifiques à ce pays. Dans bon nombre de pays africains, voire occidentaux, des obstacles existent également dans l'accès aux soins. Par ailleurs, le Congo a essayé tout de même d'entreprendre des actions pour améliorer l'accès aux soins de sa population. Que ces actions menées ont été appuyées par le soutien des Organisations internationales comme l'OMS et aussi par des ONG. / Congo has signed a number of international agreements on the protection of the right to health. Despite the signing and ratification of these agreements, however, the right to health has not yet become a protected right stricto sensu, and the Congolese population still faces great pitfalls in access to care. Some say that this notion of "access to care" is only a slogan in the Congo. That health is not part of public policy priorities and that the lack of will of the public authorities as evidenced by the lack of health insurance do not make effective use of the care possible. Others, on the other hand, qualify these assertions and consider that even if difficulties exist in access to care in the Congo, these difficulties are not specific to this country. In many African and even western countries there are barriers to access to care. On the other hand, Congo has tried to take action to improve access to health care for its population. That these actions were supported by the support of International Organizations such as WHO and also by NGOs. Ac

Since the advent of the Internet, the number of individuals and organisations using tools such as the World Wide Web and cell phones has increased, and is continuing to grow at a rapid pace. Social media has provoked fundamentally different ways of doing business, and organisations rapidly had to get on this social media bandwagon to stay up to date with the latest market trends and ahead of the competition. Although social media is already broadly used among South African businesses, the perception regarding the use of social media as a promotional mix element has not been investigated sufficiently in South Africa. The primary purpose of this study was therefore to determine the perception of star-graded accommodation establishments, operating in the Western Cape province of South Africa, regarding the use of social media as a promotional mix element. A broad and in-depth literature review was conducted on the use of social media and social media as a probable promotional mix element. An empirical study was conducted, in which data was collected from star-graded accommodation establishments operating in the Western Cape by means of a web-based (computer-assisted) self-administered questionnaire. A quantitative approach was followed in order to satisfy the research objectives of this study. The results of this research study indicate that social media is perceived to be an instrumental marketing element in star-graded accommodation establishments and can indeed be considered an element of the promotional mix. / Business Management / MCOM (Business Management)

Since the advent of the Internet, the number of individuals and organisations using tools such as the World Wide Web and cell phones has increased, and is continuing to grow at a rapid pace. Social media has provoked fundamentally different ways of doing business, and organisations rapidly had to get on this social media bandwagon to stay up to date with the latest market trends and ahead of the competition. Although social media is already broadly used among South African businesses, the perception regarding the use of social media as a promotional mix element has not been investigated sufficiently in South Africa. The primary purpose of this study was therefore to determine the perception of star-graded accommodation establishments, operating in the Western Cape province of South Africa, regarding the use of social media as a promotional mix element. A broad and in-depth literature review was conducted on the use of social media and social media as a probable promotional mix element. An empirical study was conducted, in which data was collected from star-graded accommodation establishments operating in the Western Cape by means of a web-based (computer-assisted) self-administered questionnaire. A quantitative approach was followed in order to satisfy the research objectives of this study. The results of this research study indicate that social media is perceived to be an instrumental marketing element in star-graded accommodation establishments and can indeed be considered an element of the promotional mix. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)