Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-04T14:55:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBERTO DE SOUSA MIRANDA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2007..pdf: 11832627 bytes, checksum: a58dc11a31ad6913c6287b8fc5a16607 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-04T14:55:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBERTO DE SOUSA MIRANDA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2007..pdf: 11832627 bytes, checksum: a58dc11a31ad6913c6287b8fc5a16607 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-27 / Os estudos sobre a política de reforma agrária no Brasil e os processos de constituição dos assentamentos rurais têm dado pouca ênfase às dinâmicas institucionais como parte dos esforços das famílias assentadas em consolidar as áreas reformadas e viabilizarem-se enquanto agricultores familiares. Este trabalho analisa a relação entre a construção de arranjos institucionais, os processos de tomada de decisão e a superação dos dilemas da ação coletiva, adotando a noção de desempenho institucional, sob inspiração do neo-institucionalismo. Representa um esforço de reflexão, teoricamente fundamentado, sobre as dinâmicas institucionais constituintes dos assentamentos José Antônio Eufrosino e Osiel Pereira, localizados no semi-árido paraibano. A vida das famílias num assentamento implica na realização, cotidiana, de diferentes ações coordenadas e diversos momentos de tomada de decisão coletiva. Nos primeiros anos, principalmente, as demandas e as escolhas a serem feitas são significativamente grandes, e os custos sociais a elas relacionados normalmente altos. Nos assentamentos estudados, o desempenho institucional (qualidade da dinâmica institucional) foi avaliado com base em cinco diferentes campos de ação coletiva das famílias assentadas: 1) o parcelamento (definição do tamanho e localização dos lotes de cada família); 2) a elaboração do Plano de Desenvolvimento do Assentamento; 3) a regulação do uso e acesso aos recursos naturais apropriados coletivamente; 4) a organização e comercialização da produção; e 5) a execução do crédito para a construção das casas. O estudo mostra que o vácuo de instituições efetivas nos primeiros anos de criação dos assentamentos impede a resolução de conflitos e abre espaço para tomadas de decisão pouco participativas. Por outro lado, revela também que há um esforço de construção de instituições mais efetivas, propiciado pela aprendizagem e reformulação das instituições (principalmente formais) existentes, que abrem novas possibilidades para a ação coletiva nestas áreas. / Studies on Agrarian Reform Policies in Brazil and on processes of constitution of rural settlements have done a weak emphasis to institutional dynamics as part of the efforts that settled families have done in order to consolidate the occupied áreas and to make their living as family farmers. This dissertation analyses the relation among the building of constitution of institutional arrangements, some of make decision processes and the overwhelming of collective action dilemmas, adopting the notion of institutional performance, inspired in the neo-institutional perspective. This work represents a theoretical effort to reflect on institutional dynamics of two rural settlements, denominated José Antônio Eufrosino e Osiel Pereira, located in the Semi-Arid of Paraíba, Brazil. In those rural settlements, the institutional performance (the quality of institutional dynamics) was assessed taking as basis five collective action fields in which the settled families has acted: l)the slices resulted of the Land Reform (definition of size and localization of parts destined to each family); 2)The elaboration of Rural Settlement Development Plan; 3)the control of use and access to natural resources, collectively appropriated; 4) the organization an commercialization of the production; and 5) the offering of credit to be used in building houses. Our study shows that the vacuum of effective institutions in the beginnings of settlement makes difficult the conflicts management, opening space to make decision processes with low degree of the involved subjects participation. On the other side, it reveals as well that there is an effort to build more effective institutions, which open new possibilities of collective action in those áreas.

The micro and small companies are constituted in an of the pillars that give sustain to the Brazilian economy, be that for your enormous capacity to generate employment or endless number of establishments. These are responsible for great part of the production, commercialization and offer of services placed to the disposition of the society. Today, the number of these small businesses in Brazil are of 5,5 million establishments (more than 90% of the number of managerial units) and they use more than 50% of the formal labor at the country. So big it is the force of this enterprises that wakes up the interest of economical authorities in not just stimulating the creation of new businesses, but, mainly, to already strengthen it those existent with the intention of promoting your survival and your growth. In this sense, this objective research to analyze the small commercial enterprises, constituted in the period from 1995 to 2005 that they are in activity in the municipal district of Nossa Senhora da Glória/Sergipe/Brasil, trying to identify the survival factors and growth. Specifically, search to identify: the characteristics of the small enterprising and of your businesses; the employment generation and income of these establishments; and, the influence of the commercial activity in the local economy. It is an investigation of descriptive exploratory nature, of quanti-qualitative character, based on criteria of sampling probabilística and aleatory simple. The data were collected by questionnaire application semi-structured with open and closed subjects, applied for the author to 54 companies, in the period of May to July of 2009. Among resulted they detach them his the following ones: the micro and small analyzed businesses influence the local economy, they generate employment and they adopt managerial practices that strengthen them and they allow your survival. The principal found problems were: rotatividade of the labor, little knowledge concerning the market, lack of investments in consultoria services, absence of programs of personnel's qualification, besides the inexistence of partnerships among the companies / As micro e pequenas empresas se constituem num dos pilares de sustentação da economia brasileira, quer pela sua enorme capacidade geradora de empregos, quer pelo infindável número de estabelecimentos. Estas são responsáveis por grande parte da produção, comercialização e oferta de serviços colocados à disposição da sociedade. Hoje, o número destes micro e pequenos negócios no Brasil é de 5,5 milhões de estabelecimentos (mais de 90% do número de unidades empresariais) e empregam mais de 50% da mão-de-obra formal no país. Tamanha força destes empreendimentos desperta o interesse de autoridades econômicas em estimular não apenas a criação de novos negócios, mas, principalmente, fortalecer àqueles já existentes com o intuito de promover sua sobrevivência e seu crescimento. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa objetiva analisar os micro e pequenos empreendimentos comerciais, constituídos no período de 1995 a 2005 que estão em atividade no município de Nossa Senhora da Glória/SE, procurando identificar os fatores de sobrevivência e crescimento. Especificamente, busca identificar: as características dos micro e pequenos empreendedores e de seus negócios; a geração de emprego e renda destes estabelecimentos; e, a influência da atividade comercial na economia local. Trata-se de uma investigação de natureza exploratória descritiva, de caráter quanti-qualitativo, baseada em critérios de amostragem probabilística e aleatória simples. Os dados foram coletados mediante aplicação de questionário semi-estruturado com questões abertas e fechadas, aplicados pelo autor a 54 empresas, no período de maio a julho de 2009. Dentre os resultados destacam-se os seguintes: os micro e pequenos negócios analisados influenciam a economia local, geram emprego e adotam práticas gerenciais que os fortalecem e permitem a sua sobrevivência. Os principais problemas encontrados foram: rotatividade da mão-de-obra, pouco conhecimento acerca do mercado, falta de investimentos em serviços de consultoria, ausência de programas de qualificação de pessoal, além da inexistência de parcerias entre as empresas.

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo levantar dados básicos para posterior composição de indicadores de sustentabilidade, em postos de combustíveis, funilarias e estabelecimentos de lavagem automotiva no município de São Carlos, tendo em vista a busca de soluções para questões sociais, ambientais e econômicas que garantam sustentabilidade nesses tipos de empresas. Foram feitas visitas com entrevistas e aplicação de questionários em cada estabelecimento, coletados resíduos sólidos industriais em quatro estabelecimentos de cada tipo de empresa e em seguida caracterizados esses resíduos. Para a classificação de resíduos foram feitos ensaios de lixiviação e solubilização. Os produtos mais utilizados nas empresas estudadas foram classificados como classe I-perigosos. Apesar disso, os resíduos coletados foram classificados como não perigosos, classe II A - não inertes, possivelmente devido à dissolução dos produtos perigosos. Com base no tratamento dos dados obtidos determinaram-se alguns indicadores que, por vezes, mostraram-se mais eficientes quando analisados em conjunto com outros. Ao se confrontar Indicadores de Consumo com Indicadores de Produção, por exemplo, pôde-se prever a dimensão de lucros e prejuízos sociais, financeiros e, sobretudo ambientais do empreendimento. Constatou-se a partir da análise de indicadores estudados que nas empresas em questão, existe falta de investimentos em pesquisas e tecnologias que garantam desenvolvimento sustentável das mesmas. Existe também carência de investimentos em capacitação de funcionários que busque melhorias na qualidade, no meio ambiente, sociais e na segurança dos trabalhadores, e assegure assim o desempenho sustentável das empresas em foco. / The aim of this research was to raise basic data for composition of Sustainability Indicators in gas stations, car body repair and painting shops and car wash establishments in São Carlos city, in order to find solutions to social, environmental and economical issues. This would ensure sustainability in these businesses. Visits were made with interviews and questionnaires application in each establishment, industrial solid wastes were collected in four establishments of each type of enterprise and then these wastes were characterized. The wastes classification was made by chemical tests. Most products used in studied enterprises were classified as class l-hazardous products. Nevertheless, the collected wastes were classified as non-hazardous waste, class II A- non inert, possibly due to the dissolution of hazardous products. Some indicators have been developed from processing of obtained data. Sometimes indicators proved more efficient when examined together with others. When Consumption Indicators are worked with Output Indicators, for example, the dimension of profits and losses from social, financial and above all environmental area can be provided to the venture. Indicators showed investment in researches and technologies, as well as in training for improvements in quality, environment, social and workers safety would ensure sustainable development in the enterprises.

The Diploma Thesis is focused on consolidated financial statements, which specifies propose of consolidation rules of chosen group of companies via the analysis of current status of group of companies joined by a capital. The Diploma Thesis contains the basic characteristics of consolidated financial statements, analysis of current status and proposal of consolidation rules for chosen group of companies. It concern the group of companies, which fulfil conditions for mandatory assembling of consolidated accounts, but are not assembling such consolidated accounts yet.

No description available.

In 1914, Copperfield, Oregon was militarily occupied by order of the governor, Oswald West. Its town government was deposed, the city officials were arrested, and the town's saloons were closed and all liquor and gambling devices were seized. The town, previous to Governor West's interdiction, had seen a breakdown into violence and arson between two competing saloon cliques. The resulting martial law of Copperfield and subsequent court battles between the governor and Copperfield's saloonkeepers would become known as the Copperfield Affair. The purpose of this study is to explain how and why the Copperfield Affair happened. The event which precipitated the Copperfield Affair was the collapse of the town's economy. Copperfield was a frontier town, which placed it at greater risk of economic failure. The failure of the two construction projects necessary for its economic success led to a violent contest for customers among the town's three saloons, resulting in several arsons, eventually drawing Governor West's attention to the town. The Temperance Movement in Oregon is a second factor influencing why the Copperfield Affair occurred. Governor West cared about the problems of a failed town in the middle of nowhere, because he was a proponent of prohibition and the violence in Copperfield presented an opportunity to make a statement for the Temperance Movement. Finally, Governor West relied on the concurrent evolution of two important definitions relevant to the state executive. One was the increasingly general definition of martial law and how it could be used by the governor. This definition, by 1914, allowed Governor West to legally occupy Copperfield. Second, the development of the Progressive Movement at the beginning of the twentieth century also coincided with greater public desire for a powerful and energetic executive in order to achieve reform. Governor West personified the Progressive executive, as a person who got things done and supported the sort of social reforms the Movement favored, like temperance. By combining the development of a powerful state executive, with great military powers, a governor and public in favor of prohibition, and a weak frontier town suffering violence from the liquor trade, we arrive at a situation which keenly encapsulates a moment in time in Oregon history, one in which a governor would use such extreme measures to crack down on what was a local squabble.

No description available.

The Situation. Downtown. An alleyway and adjacent building form the volumetric parametric parameters for a hypothetical, semi-urban addition. The Program. A synthesis of bookstore, art gallery, and cafe outlines the necessary conditions to be featured in the proposed building. The Strategy. To actualize each element of the program while attempting to construct, through minimal intervention, a space which maximizes the cross-sectional aspects of the situation and the internal organization of the program. / Master of Architecture

L’établissement distinct est devenu un concept incontournable dans la vie des entreprises et une notion récurrente dans les textes légaux et la jurisprudence. Dans l’hypothèse la plus simple, l’entreprise n’est dotée que d’une seule unité de travail, constituée d’activités et de personnels réunis en un même lieu. L’entreprise et l’établissement unique se confondent alors. Mais dès lors qu’elle développe un effectif important et que sa structure complexe impose la mise en place d’une organisation adaptée, elle se démembre et se divise en établissements. L’établissement distinct devient alors un centre d’activité de l’entreprise géographiquement ou matériellement isolé. Le droit du travail tente de saisir l’établissement distinct dans de multiples dimensions et n’adopte pas la même approche selon l’utilité que sa reconnaissance peut apporter dans l’entreprise. L’objet de cette recherche est de saisir la multiplicité des réalités que recouvre l’établissement distinct et d’éclaircir la manière dont le législateur et les tribunaux tendent à l’optimiser en fonction du rôle qui lui est assigné. Concomitamment, il est question de vérifier l’opportunité d’opérer un recentrage des rapports du droit du travail au niveau de l’établissement plutôt qu’au niveau de l’entreprise et les conséquences qui en résultent. / The separate establishment has become an unavoidable concept in the life of the companies and a recurring notion in the legal texts and the jurisprudence. In the simplest case, the company has only one work unit, consisting of activities and personnel in one place. The enterprise and the single establishment are then merged. But since it develops a large workforce and its complex structure requires the establishment of a suitable organization, it is dismembered and divided into establishments. The separate establishment then becomes a center of activity of the company geographically or materially isolated. Labor law attempts to seize the distinct establishment in multiple dimensions and does not adopt the same approach depending on the utility that its recognition can bring to the company. The purpose of this research is to grasp the multiplicity of realities encompassed by the distinct institution and to clarify how the legislature and the courts tend to optimize it according to the role assigned to it. Concomitantly, it is a question of verifying the desirability of refocusing the relations of labor law at the level of the establishment rather than at the level of the enterprise and the resulting consequences.

Nightclubs and restaurant bars have become major sources of noise pollution particularly in areas close to residential dwellings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of noise emanating from nightclubs and restaurant bars on the community of Melville, Johannesburg. This study followed both qualitative and quantitative research methods. A total of 100 respondents were randomly sampled within the study area. Qualitative data was collected using a structured questionnaire. A calibrated sound level meter was used to measure environmental noise levels at 10 different measuring points. The research finding revealed that about:  87% of noise levels measured with the sound level meter did not comply with officially acceptable levels of 40dB at night.  69% of respondents indicated that the main source of noise is pollution is nightclubs.  78% of respondents described noise as annoying, disturbing and unwanted.  57% of respondents indicated that members of their household have suffered from sleeping disorders due to noise activities at night disrupting their sleep patterns and resulting in irritability and fatigue. The noise measurements were taken on weekends and public holidays during the day from 10h00 to 14h30 and at night from 22h00 to 02h30. The research findings revealed that the residents of Melville experienced high level of noise at night with nightclub as major source of noise and as a result the majority of the sampled population complained about irritability, fatigue and sleeping disorders due to exposure to noise. The outcome of this research indicated the need of health education on the adverse effects of noise pollution and the need of sound insulation at places of entertainment. Implementation of a noise management policy is needed in order to effectively control and manage the noise pollution in its area of jurisdiction and regular noise level monitoring by constantly taking noise measurements by law enforcements officers. / Department of Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)