Ce travail de thèse porte sur l'étude des verres alumino-silicatés de calcium dopés à l'europium et le processus de leur cristallisation sous forme des vitrocéramiques dans le cadre de la recherche de nouveaux phosphores pour application LED à émission blanche. Nous avons étudié trois échantillons vitreux avec différentes teneurs en silice et avons élaboré des vitrocéramiques cristallisées. La caractérisation des verres et des vitrocéramiques a été réalisée par différentes techniques expérimentales : l'analyse thermique, la diffraction des rayons X et la spectroscopie de diffusion Raman. Les propriétés spectroscopiques de l'ion europium dans les verres et les vitrocéramiques synthétisés ont été étudiées. Le contrôle de la cristallisation des vitrocéramiques GC34 et GC50 par la diffraction des rayons X a permis d'identifier deux phases la mélilite et l'anorthite. Dans le cas de la vitrocéramique GC7, une seule phase alumino-calcique qui est la mayenite est cristallisée majoritairement. L'étude par la spectroscopie de diffusion Raman a permis d'une part, de suivre l'évolution de la cristallisation pendant les traitements thermiques en surface et en profondeur dans l'ensemble des vitrocéramiques. Nous avons montré que le processus de cristallisation a eu lieu en surface des échantillons et correspond typiquement à une nucléation hétérogène. D'autre part, une étude comparative avec des échantillons naturels analogues prise de la base de données RRUFF nous a permis de valider l'ensemble des résultats trouvés. Dans le cas des vitrocéramiques GC34 et GC50, les mesures des spectres d'émission et les durées de vie de l'ion Eu3+ montrent bien son incorporation dans les phases cristallines formées. L'ion Eu3+ tend à occuper seulement les sites Ca2+ (CN= 8) de la mélilite majoritaire dans la vitrocéramique GC34 alors, qu'il tend à s'incorporer dans les sites Ca2+ (CN= 6 et 7) et Ca2+ (CN=8) respectivement, des phases anorthite et mélilite formées dans la vitrocéramique GC50. Ces résultats ont été confirmés par les mesures d'affinement de raies. L'étude des spectres d'émission de l'ion Eu2+ a permis de mettre en évidence une modification de son environnement durant la cristallisation traduite par son incorporation dans les sites Ca2+ après réduction de l'ion Eu3+ pendant les recuits. Dans le cas de la vitrocéramique GC7, les spectres d'émissions et les mesures du déclin de luminescence de l'ion Eu3+ montrent bien que l'ion Eu3+ est incorporé dans la phase mayenite formée. En terme d'application, les mesures des coordonnées trichromatiques suggèrent que la dévitrification des verres semble être une technique efficace permettant d'obtenir de nouveaux matériaux luminophores (LED blanches) à émission intensifiée (cas des vitrocéramiques GC34 et G50) et accordable en modifiant leur composition et l'excitation / This work concerns the study of calcium aluminosilicate glass doped with europium and their process of crystallization as glass-ceramics as part of the search for new phosphors for white LED application. We studied three glass samples with different silica contents and have elaborated crystallized glass-ceramics. Characterization of glasses and glass-ceramics was performed by different experimental techniques: thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The spectroscopic properties of the europium ion in the glass and glass-ceramic synthesized were studied.Control of crystallization of GC34 and GC50 glass-ceramics by X-ray diffraction have been identified two phases, melilite and anorthite. In the case of the GC7 glass-ceramic, a single aluminum calcium phase, mayenite which crystallized predominantly. The study by Raman spectroscopy allowed to follow the evolution of the crystallization during heat treatment in the surface and of glass-ceramics. We have shown that the crystallization process initiate at the surface of the samples and corresponds typically to a heterogeneous nucleation. On the other hand, a comparison with similar natural samples allowed us to validate all the identifications.In the case of GC34 and GC50 glass-ceramics, emission spectra and lifetimes of Eu3+ ion clearly show its incorporation into the new-formed crystalline phases. The Eu3+ ion occupy the Ca2+ sites (CN = 8) in the major mélilite phase of the the GC34 glass-ceramic while, it incorporates the Ca2+ sites (CN = 6 and 7) and Ca2+ (CN = 8) of anorthite and mélilite phases formed in the GC50 glass-ceramic, respectively. These results were confirmed by Fluorescence Line Narrowing (FLN) measurements. The study of emission spectra of the Eu2+ ion allowed highlighting changes during crystallization associated with the reduction of the Eu3+ ions during annealing. In the case of the low silicate GC7 glass-ceramic, emission spectra and lifetimes measurements of the Eu3+ ion show that the Eu3+ ions are incorporated into the mayenite phase. In terms of application, the analyses of the trichromatic coordinates suggest that the glass devitrification appears to be an efficient technique to achieve new white LED phosphor materials with intensified (mainly for GC34 and G50 glass-ceramics) and tunable emission by varying composition and/or excitation

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Eu3+:SiO2 PMMA hybrid nanocomposites were prepared by sol-gel process aiming to study its structure and luminescent properties. Thermal treatment and dopant concentration experimental variables were sequentially altered in order to evaluate their influences on the properties of the final material. At the start, the precursors (MPTS and MMA) were studied and the process of hybrid nanocomposites formation was analyzed by FTIR and TG techniques. As regards to thermal treatments, it was noticed that its execution at 100 and 200 °C for 3 hs don´t change significantly the basic structure of samples, behavior attested by the profile of FTIR spectra and by small variations of TG/DTG curves. There was, however, changes in silicon structures of samples (noticed at 29Si NMR spectra), besides great alterations in the sites occupied by Eu3+ ions, perceptible by photoluminescence spectroscopy. Luminescent behavior indicates a change in the symmetry of lanthanide sites caused by the temperatures imposed in thermal treatments. From the values calculated for a set of spectroscopic parameters, the symmetry change was attributed to the removal of water molecules coordinated to Eu3+ ions, which could coordinate to hybrid matrix groups and so interact stronger with it. The study of Eu3+ concentration influences showed that the higher this variable the broader some bands of FTIR spectra. TG analysis indicate an increase of sample´s residue percentage, assigned to Eu2O3 formation at high temperatures. In these samples, it was noticeable luminescence quenching caused by the increase of Eu3+ concentration, which wasn´t expected owing to the presence of silica network. It was supposed that clusters were formed when Eu3+ amount increases, decreasing Eu-host interaction and quenching the luminescence by energy transfer between Eu3+ ions. / Nanocompósitos híbridos Eu3+:SiO2 PMMA foram preparados pelo processo sol-gel com o objetivo de estudar suas estrutura e propriedades luminescentes. As variáveis experimentais tratamentos térmicos e concentração de dopante foram sequencialmente alteradas visando avaliar as influências exercidas por cada uma sobre as propriedades do material final. Inicialmente estudou-se os precursores (MPTS e MMA) e o processo de formação dos nanocompósitos híbridos foi avaliada por meio das técnicas de FTIR e TG. Quanto aos tratamentos térmicos, observou-se que a realização destes a 100 e 200 °C por 3 horas não alterou significativamente a estrutura básica das amostras, comportamento atestado pelo perfil dos espectros de FTIR e pelas pequenas variações das curvas TG/DTG. Houve, contudo, mudanças nas estruturas de silício presentes nos materiais (notadas nos espectros de RMN 29Si) além de grande alteração dos sítios ocupados pelos íons Eu3+, perceptível por espectroscopia de fotoluminescência. Pelo comportamento de emissão, inferiu-se a ocorrência de mudança da simetria dos sítios ocupados pelos íons lantanídeos causada pelas temperaturas empregadas nos tratamentos. A partir dos valores calculados para um conjunto de parâmetros espectroscópicos, atribuiu-se a mudança de simetria à remoção de moléculas de água coordenadas aos íons Eu3+, que passaram a se coordenar a grupos presentes na matriz híbrida e interagir mais fortemente com esta. O estudo da influência da concentração de íons Eu3+ mostrou que com o aumento deste valor há alargamento de algumas bandas nos espectros de FTIR. As análises por TG demonstraram aumento do percentual de resíduo das amostras, atribuído à formação de Eu2O3 a altas temperaturas. Nestas amostras, pôde-se observar efeitos de supressão de luminescência causados pelo aumento da concentração de íons Eu3+, o que não era esperado tendo em vista a presença da rede de sílica nas amostras. Supôs-se que com o aumento da concentração de íons Eu3+ houve a formação de clusters , os quais provocam a diminuição da interação Eu matriz e provocam efeitos de supressão de luminescência por meio da transferência de energia entre íons Eu3+.

La Thérapie Photodynamique ou PDT est une méthode de traitement principalement anti-cancéreux. Elle est basée sur l’activation par la lumière de molécules photosensibles, appelés photosensibilisateurs, non toxiques à l’obscurité. Après excitation lumineuse et en présence d’oxygène, elles génèrent des espèces réactives de l’oxygène dont l’oxygène singulet, qui engendrent des réactions de photo-oxydation entraînant la mort cellulaire. Cette méthode est cliniquement appliquée en France et dans plusieurs pays du monde mais présente toutefois certaines limites comme la faible profondeur de pénétration de la lumière dans les tissus. Elle ne peut donc s’appliquer qu’aux tumeurs de surface telles que les kératoses actiniques et aux tumeurs de petite taille accessibles à la lumière. Pour traiter les tumeurs profondes par PDT, nous proposons une stratégie innovante basée sur l’utilisation de rayons X, très connus pour leur pouvoir pénétrant. Comme la plupart des photosensibilisateurs ne sont pas radiosensibles, ils ne peuvent être excités directement par les rayons X. Les récentes avancées en nanotechnologie nous ont amené à envisager une stratégie thérapeutique novatrice pouvant combiner les principes de la PDT et la radiothérapie via l’élaboration de scintillateurs nanoparticulaires excitables par rayons X. Le concept consiste à utiliser des nanoparticules contenant dans leur cœur un scintillateur qui, excité par des rayons X, peut émettre des photons, qui, à leur tour, sont réabsorbés par le photosensibilisateur lui-même conjugué à la nanoparticule. C’est dans ce contexte que nous avons développé des nanoparticules Gd2O2S : Eu3+, possédant dans leur cœur du gadolinium (agent permettant le rehaussement positif du signal IRM) dopé avec de l’europium ou du terbium (pour une l’absorption des RX) et conjugués à des photosensibilisateurs (porphyrine, chlorine zinguée et phtalocyanine zinguée). D’autres nanoparticules TbO3, de plus petite taille, possédant dans leur cœur de l’oxyde de terbium, enrobé d’une couche de polysiloxane dans laquelle est incorporée de la porphyrine ont aussi été synthétisées et étudiées. Ces nanoparticules offrent à la fois une possibilité d’effet radiothérapie, d’effet PDT, tout en offrant la possibilité de visualiser les tumeurs par IRM. Nous avons mis au point un protocole de synthèse permettant d’obtenir la porphyrine avec de bons rendements tout en limitant le temps de synthèse et les étapes de purification. Les synthèses et purifications des nanoparticules ont été optimisées. Les caractérisations physico-chimiques et photophysiques des nanoparticules ont été réalisées, en particulier leur capacité à produire de l’oxygène singulet. L’efficacité du transfert d’énergie entre les nanoparticules et les photosensibilisateurs dans le but d’obtenir un effet PDT a été évaluée et des essais préliminaires sous excitation par rayons X ont été entrepris / PDT or photodynamic therapy is a method mainly used against cancer. PDT is based on the activation by light of photosensitive molecules, called photosensitizers, non-toxic in the dark. After excitation by light in the presence of oxygen, the photosensitizers generate reactive oxygen species including singlet oxygen, which lead to photo-oxidation reactions and cell death. This method is clinically applied in France and in several countries of the world but still has some limitations such as the low depth of light penetration in tissues. It therefore can be applied only to surface tumors such as actinic keratoses and small tumors accessible to laser light. To treat deep tumors by PDT, we propose an innovative strategy based on the use of X-rays known for their penetrating power. Since most photosensitizers are not radiosensitive, they cannot be excited by X-rays. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led us to consider a novel therapeutic strategy that can combine both the principles of PDT and radiotherapy through the development of scintillator containing nanoparticles excitable by X-rays. The concept is to use the scintillator included in the nanoparticle’s core which, excited by X-rays, can emit photons, which, in turn, can be re-absorbed by the photosensitizer itself conjugated to the nanoparticles. It is in this context that we developed nanoparticles of Gd2O2S:Eu3+, with in their core gadolinium (which is a MRI positive enhancement agent) doped with europium or terbium (for RX absorption) and coupled with photosensitizers (porphyrin, zinc chlorin and zinc phthalocyanine). We have developed a synthesis protocol for obtaining the porphyrin in good yields while limiting the time of synthesis and purification steps. The syntheses and purifications of nanoparticles were optimized. The physicochemical and photophysical characterization of the nanoparticles were performed, in particular their ability to produce singlet oxygen. Other Tb2O3 nanoparticles of smaller size, coated with a polysiloxane layer coupled to porphyrin have also been synthesized and studied. These nanoparticles offer both an opportunity for radiotherapy effect of PDT effect, while providing the ability to be detected by MRI. The efficiency of energy transfer between the nanoparticles and the photosensitizers in order to obtain a PDT effects was assessed and preliminary tests under X-ray excitation were undertaken

In this work we applied to a series of oxyhalides crystals, namely, GdOBr, LaOI, GdOCl, LaOCl, YOCl and LaOBr, all doped ion Eu3 +, the point charge electrostatic model (PCEM), the simple overlap model (SOM) and method of equivalent nearest neighbors (MENN), with the objective of discussing the magnitude of the charges of the ions in this halogens series. Using the local structure of luminescent site, calculations were made of the crystal field parameters and splitting of the 7F1 level. The point charge electrostatic model, as expected, led to satisfactory predictions only from the qualitative point of view. The simple overlap model and the method gave satisfactory predictions to all quantities uce the experimental splitting energy level 7F1. It is shown that the effect of O2- ions is dominant in the calculation of crystal field parameters and charge factors of the halogens has been always smaller than those of O2- ions, although in some cases the NN charge factors was greater than the their valence, when the SOM is applied. This is not completely understood up to now. / Neste trabalho foram aplicados a uma serie de cristais oxihaletos, a saber, GdOBr, LaOI, GdOCl, LaOCl, YOCl e LaOBr, todos dopados com o ion Eu3+, o Modelo Eletrostatico de Cargas Pontuais, o Modelo de Recobrimento Simples e o Metodo dos Vizinhos Equivalentes, com o objetivo de discutir a magnitude das cargas dos ions halogenios nesta serie. Usando a estrutura local do sitio luminescente, foram feitos calculos de parametros do campo cristalino (Bkq) e do desdobramento do nivel 7F1 ( ´E). O modelo eletrostatico de cargas pontuais, como esperado, levou a resultados satisfatorios apenas do ponto de vista qualitativo. Ja com o modelo de recobrimento simples e com o metodo foi possivel reproduzir ´E. As previsoes mostram que o efeito dos ions O2- e dominante nas previsoes dos Bkq e ´E e os fatores de carga dos halogenios sao muito menores que os dos ions O2-, embora em alguns casos a carga dos primeiros vizinhos tenha sido maior que a valencia respectiva, quando o modelo de recobrimento simples e aplicado, o que ainda nao e completamente entendido.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-30T13:38:33Z No. of bitstreams: 3 1_pdfsam_Tese - Michelly Patrícia Santana de Almeida Fógia - 2014 - (1).pdf: 19290836 bytes, checksum: 2968ddb5cb0f3df6082b9b4716172cff (MD5) 109_pdfsam_Tese - Michelly Patrícia Santana de Almeida Fógia - 2014 - (2).pdf: 5395221 bytes, checksum: 4db4ad13c96adee2667748bc5321c48f (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-30T15:36:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 1_pdfsam_Tese - Michelly Patrícia Santana de Almeida Fógia - 2014 - (1).pdf: 19290836 bytes, checksum: 2968ddb5cb0f3df6082b9b4716172cff (MD5) 109_pdfsam_Tese - Michelly Patrícia Santana de Almeida Fógia - 2014 - (2).pdf: 5395221 bytes, checksum: 4db4ad13c96adee2667748bc5321c48f (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-30T15:36:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 1_pdfsam_Tese - Michelly Patrícia Santana de Almeida Fógia - 2014 - (1).pdf: 19290836 bytes, checksum: 2968ddb5cb0f3df6082b9b4716172cff (MD5) 109_pdfsam_Tese - Michelly Patrícia Santana de Almeida Fógia - 2014 - (2).pdf: 5395221 bytes, checksum: 4db4ad13c96adee2667748bc5321c48f (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-24 / In this work the structural and optical properties of SiO2-ZnO-TiO2 system doped with of Eu3+ (1% in mol) or Er3+ ions (0,2% to 2,0% in mol) were investigated. The compositions xSiO2-([100-x]/2)ZnO-([100-x]/2)TiO2 with x ranging from 40 to 80 were synthesized and studied. A mixed methodology using the traditional sol-gel process and Pechini method was employed to prepare stable and transparent sols, homogeneous gels, powders and transparent thin films without cracks. The prepared powders were heat treated from 100°C to 1100°C. The optical “band gap” values, the lifetime of Eu3+ 5D0 level, the R/O ratio of Eu3+ emissions and refractive index are dependent on the composition and thermal treatment of the powders. Multilayered thin films were deposited onto silica substrates using the “spin coating” technique. Afterwards, the as-prepared thin films were calcined at 500°C followed by annealings from 700°C to 1000°C. The X-ray diffraction of powders showed that the crystallization starts at 800°C with a mixture of zinc titanate phases (ZnTiO3, Zn2TiO4) and titanium rutile (TiO2). In compositions with low silica content (x = 40 or 50) the formation of zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4) occurs at high temperatures. The optical properties were evaluated for both powders and thin films. Particularly, thin films exhibit transmittance above 80% in the visible region. The refractive index at 632.8 nm and thickness of thin films were estimated using the envelope method and m-Line spectrocopy. Furthermore, morphological analysis of the thin films surface was performed by scanning electron microscopy. The characteristic emission peaks of Er3+ or Eu3+ doped powders and thin films were measured. The photoluminescent emission of Eu3+ ions, obtained the highest intensities for the powders treated at 800°C, for films treated at 700°C, under excitation at 394 nm, where the system remains primarily amorphous. The photoluminescent emission of the Er3+ ions was more intense for the powders treated at 1100°C under excitation at 980 nm, mainly due to reduction of hydroxyl groups which act as photoluminescence quenchers. In the film the highest intensity occurred at a temperature of 700°C under excitation at 378 nm and showing only one guided mode. Thus, the obtained thin films can be suitable for application as waveguides in integrated optical systems. Moreover, the Eu and Er doped powders can be used as phosphors in displays. / Este trabalho avalia as propriedades estruturais e ópticas do sistema ternário SiO2-ZnO-TiO2 dopado com íons Eu3+ (1% em mol) ou Er3+ (0,2% a 2,0% em mol). As composições xSiO2-([100-x]/2)ZnO-([100-x]/2)TiO2, com x = 40, 50, 60, 70 e 80 foram estudadas. Através de metodologia mista do processo sol-gel com o método Pechini foi possível obter sóis estáveis e transparentes, géis homogêneos, pós tratados termicamente de 100ºC a 1100°C e filmes finos transparentes e sem trincas. Filmes finos multicamadas foram depositados sobre substratos de sílica usando “spin coating” e calcinados a 500°C, seguido de um tratamento térmico entre 700°C e 1000°C. Por fotoluminescência foram observadas as transições de emissão características de íons Er3+ e Eu3+. A caracterização por difração de raios X dos pós mostrou que a cristalização tem início a partir de 800°C, com uma mistura de fases de titanatos de zinco (ZnTiO3, Zn2TiO4) e segregação de titânio rutilo (TiO2). Em composições com menores proporções de sílica (x= 40 ou 50) também ocorreu a formação de silicato de zinco (Zn2SiO4) em temperaturas mais elevadas. Os espectros de transmissão dos filmes apresentaram transmitância superior a 80%. Os valores de “band gap” óptico, o tempo de vida, as razões R/O e o índice de refração são dependentes do tratamento térmico e da composição dos pós. Usando o método da envoltória, pôde-se calcular o índice de refração a 632,8 nm e a espessura dos filmes finos, sendo que esta também foi estimada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia m-Line. A emissão fotoluminescente dos íons Eu3+ tem maior intensidade nos pós tratados à 800°C e nos filmes tratados à 700°C, sob excitação a 394 nm. Nestas temperaturas o sistema permanece predominantemente amorfo. A emissão fotoluminescente dos íons Er3+ foi mais intensa para os pós tratados a 1100°C, sob excitação a 980 nm, devido à eliminação de grupos OH supressores das emissões de Er3+. Nos filmes a maior intensidade se deu à temperatura de 700°C, sob excitação a 378 nm. Os filmes apresentaram apenas um modo guiado, sendo o mais apropriado para uso como guia de onda e os pós são indicados como fósforos podendo ser aplicados em “displays".

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-08T20:19:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 geraldohenriquessilva.pdf: 20536600 bytes, checksum: 9b626b89b88c550fa0fff1dcca169621 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-26T20:29:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 geraldohenriquessilva.pdf: 20536600 bytes, checksum: 9b626b89b88c550fa0fff1dcca169621 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-26T20:29:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 geraldohenriquessilva.pdf: 20536600 bytes, checksum: 9b626b89b88c550fa0fff1dcca169621 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho estudou-se vidros co-dopados por meio de técnicas espectroscópicas de absorção óptica, espectroscopia Raman, fotoluminescência, fotoluminescência resolvida no tempo, lente térmica e capacidade térmica volumétrica. A classe de vidro estudada é a de vidros fosfatos denominados PZABP (P205 – ZnO – Al203 – BaO – PbO), os quais foram dopados com íons de európio (Eu3+), em diferentes concentrações, e telúrio (Te), visando o surgimento de nanopartículas semicondutoras de Telureto de Zinco (ZnTe). O objetivo desse trabalho é investigar a emissão do Eu3+ e sua interação com as nanopartículas semicondutoras no sentido de melhorar as propriedades ópticas e/ou térmicas do sistema vítreo co-dopado. Com a técnica de absorção óptica foi possível observar a alta transparência desse sistema, com uma janela óptica cobrindo a região desde o ultravioleta (em torno de 300 nm) até ao infravermelho médio (em torno de 3000 nm). Observou-se uma banda de absorbância larga centrada em torno de 540 nm quando o sistema vítreo PZABP foi dopado com Te. Essa banda foi atribuída a nanopartículas de ZnTe com comportamento de material na forma bulk. Com a técnica de fotoluminescência observou-se uma emissão avermelhada intensa atribuída aos íons de Eu3+, sendo a transição 5D0 —> 7F2 (611 nm) a mais intensa. Os parâmetros de Judd-Ofelt foram obtidos a partir dos espectros de emissão e absorção. De posse desses parâmetros, encontrou-se o tempo de vida radiativo do estado 5D0 que, juntamente com o tempo de vida experimental, permitiu a determinação da eficiência quântica. Observou-se que a mesma não sofreu uma alteração significativa em função da concentração dos íons de Eu3+ e com a presença do ZnTe. Com a técnica de lente térmica, na presença de nanopartículas de ZnTe, observou-se que a difusividade térmica (D) permaneceu praticamente constante com o aumento da concentração de Eu3+. / IIn this work we have studied co-doped glasses by means of spectroscopic techniques such as optical absorption, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence, time-resolved photoluminescence, thermal lens and volumetric heat capacity. The class of studied glasses was of phosphate glasses called PZABP (P2O5 – ZnO – Al203 – BaO – PbO) doped with different concentrations of europium ions (Eu3+), and tellurium (Te), to nucleation of semiconductor nanoparticles of zinc telluride (ZnTe). The goal of this work is to investigate the emission of the Eu3+ and its interaction with the semiconductor nanoparticles aiming to improve the thermo/optical properties of the glass system. With the optical absorption technique was possible to observe the high transparency of the system, which covers an optical window going from the ultraviolet region (about 300 nm) to mid-infrared (about 3000 nm). Also, was observed a large absorbance band centered around 540 nm when the glass system PZABP was doped with Te. This band was attributed to bulk-like ZnTe nanoparticles. Through the photoluminescence technique was possible to observe an intense reddened emission attributed to Eu 3+ ions, being the 5D0 —>7 F2 transition ( 611 nm) the most intense. The Judd-Ofelt parameters were obtained from the absorption and emission spectra. From these parameters, the radiative lifetime of the state 5D0 was found which together with the experimentally measured lifetime allowed the determination of the quantum efficiency. The latter does not present a significant change when the concentration of Eu3+ ions increases and with the presence of ZnTe. With the thermal lens technique, in the presence of ZnTe nanoparticles, was observed that the thermal diffusivity (D) remained almost constant with the increasing of concentration of Eu3+.

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In this work a theoretical study was carried out to investigate the spectroscopic properties of trivalent europium complexes. The study was divided into two parts. The first one was the study of the luminescent efficiency of five complexes which had as ligands β-diketones and pyrazole. Pyrazole modifications were made promoting a gradual increase in the amount of fluorine atoms in the search for systems with greater luminescence. The second part was the study of structural elucidation and luminescent efficiency of two Eu3+ complexes, which showed as ligand the molecule of ibuprofen and methylbipyridine. The difference between the two systems was that in one complex the methyl group of bipyridine was in the meta position and in the other in the para position. Semiempirical methodologies such as the Sparkle models, the INDO/S-CIS method, the Judd-Ofelt theory and the energy transfer models proposed by Malta et al were used to certify this. The theories and models used to treat the spectroscopic properties of these systems are implemented in the LUMPAC - Luminescence Package, which was used in this study. In the first part, an evaluation of calculation models of the ground state geometry more suitable for the study and from comparisons with crystallographic structures the model that presented smaller error was the Sparkle/PM3. From the results obtained, it has been seen that the luminescence intensity of the Eu3+ complexes increases when the C-H bonds are replaced by C-F bonds, and more strongly when CF2 groups are added. Further extension in the length of the fluorinated chain greatly decreases the rate of nonradiative decay and increases the rate of radiative decay, thereby increasing the quantum efficiency of the complex. The results obtained were theoretically compared with the experimental results and showed good agreement. In the second part of the work, no evaluation of the geometry calculation model was performed, since it is a system that does not have certain crystallographic structures. Thus, the RM1 model was used to optimize the geometry, since it is a recent model that satisfactorily treats lanthanide systems. The results obtained did not show much difference, that is, the position of the methyl group in the meta or para position in the bipyridine linker does not cause considerable effect on the coordination polyhedron. However, they presented higher radiative decay rates than the rates of non-radiative decay and high quantum efficiency. Finally, the good agreement between the theoretical results and the experimental results is a strong indicatio / Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo teórico para a investigação das propriedades espectroscópicas de complexos de európio trivalente. O estudo foi dividido em duas partes. Na primeira foi feito o estudo da eficiência luminescente de cinco complexos os quais tinham como ligantes β-dicetonas e pirazol, sendo que no pirazol foram realizadas modificações promovendo um aumento gradativo na quantidade de átomos de flúor na busca por sistemas com maior luminescência. Na segunda parte foi feito o estudo de elucidação estrutural e da eficiência luminescente de dois complexos de Eu3+, os quais apresentavam como ligante a molécula de ibuprofeno e a metilbipiridina. A diferença entre os dois sistemas era que em um complexo o grupo metil da bipiridina estava na posição meta e no outro na posição para. Para isto, foram utilizadas metodologias semiempíricas, tais como os modelos Sparkle, o método INDO/S-CIS, a teoria de Judd-Ofelt e os modelos transferência de energia propostos por Malta e colaboradores. As teorias e modelos utilizados para tratar das propriedades espectroscópicas destes sistemas, estão implementados no pacote computacional LUMPAC – Luminescence Package, o qual foi utilizado neste estudo. Na primeira parte, fez-se uma avaliação dos modelos de cálculo da geometria do estado fundamental mais adequada para o estudo e a partir de comparações com estruturas cristalográficas o modelo que apresentou menor erro foi o Sparkle/PM3. A partir dos resultados obtidos, foi visto que a intensidade de luminescência dos complexos de Eu3+ aumenta quando as ligações C-H são substituídas por ligações C-F, e mais fortemente quando grupos CF2 são adicionados. A extensão adicional no comprimento da cadeia fluorada diminui fortemente a taxa de decaimento não radiativo e aumenta a taxa de decaimento radiativo, aumentando dessa maneira a eficiência quântica do complexo. Os resultados obtidos teoricamente foram comparados com os resultados experimentais e apresentaram boa concordância. Na segunda parte do trabalho, não foi realizado avaliação de modelo de cálculo de geometria, por se tratar de sistemas que não apresentam estruturas cristalográficas determinadas. Assim, foi utilizado o modelo RM1 para otimização da geometria, por se tratar de um modelo recente que trata de maneira satisfatória sistemas lantanídicos. Os resultados obtidos não apresentaram muita diferença, ou seja, a posição do grupo metil na posição meta ou para no ligante bipiridina não causa efeito considerável sobre o poliedro de coordenação. No entanto, apresentaram taxas de decaimento radiativo maiores do que as taxas de decaimento não radiativo e elevada eficiência quântica. Por fim, a boa concordância entre os resultados teóricos e os resultados experimentais é um forte indício que as estruturas propostas correspondem aos sistemas sintetizados. / São Cristóvão, SE

Les propriétés physiques d’un matériau sont intimement liées à sa structure cristalline et dans le cas d’ions dopants aux sites qu’ils occupent. La première partie de ce travail est dédiée au matériau diphosphate de sodium et de zinc Na2ZnP2O7, cristallisé out vitreux et ceci pour les ions dopants Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+ et Eu3+. Les phases cristallisées ont été obtenues par la méthode Czochralski, les verres par trempe à partir de l’état fondu. Un ensemble de caractéristiques physiques ont été mises en jeu (Raman, infrarouge, RPE, absorption optique, luminescence) pour déterminer les sites occupés par les ions dopants et l’influence sur les propriétés optiques. La deuxième partie de cet travail consiste à une meilleure connaissance des matériaux diélectriques sans plomb appartenant à la famille pérovskite et plus particulièrement à la solution solide NaNbO3-BaTiO3. Des monocistaux ont été obtenus par la méthode des flux et caractérisés en utilisant plusieurs techniques : diffraction X, microanalyse, évolution thermique des domaines ferroélectriques-ferroélastiques, mesures diélectriques, piézoélectriques et pyroélectriques. / Abstract The physical properties of a material are intimately related to its crystalline structure and in the case of doped ions they are dependent on to the sites they occupy. The first part of this work is dedicated to the diphosphate material of sodium and zinc Na2ZnP2O7, glassy and crystallized for doped ions of Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+ and Eu3+. The crystallized phases were obtained by the Czochralski method whereas the glasses were obtained by quenching from the molten state. A set of physical characteristics were studied (Raman, infrared, EPR, optical absorption, luminescence) to determine the sites occupied by the doped ions and its influence on the optical properties. The second part of this work consists of a better knowledge of lead-free dielectric materials belonging to the family of Perovskite, more particularly to NaNbO3-BaTiO3 solid solution. Single crystals were obtained by the flux method and were characterized using several techniques: X-rays diffraction, microanalysis, thermal evolution of ferroelectric and ferroelastic domains; dielectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric measurements.