There are some alternatives of artificial lift methods to increase the production of oil well or to keep it producing. Sucker rod pumping (SRP) and electrical submersible pumping (ESP) systems are selected for the design and economical evaluation of thirteen oil wells of R field. Although selected wells are already producing artificially, they are redesigned for SRP and ESP. LoadCalC software developed by Lufkin and SubPUMP developed by DSSC are used for SRP and ESP designs respectively. For economic evaluation, the rate of return (ROR) of each design is calculated for ten year period. In technical comparison, advantage of higher production ability with lower power consumption was observed in ESP applications. In wells which have lower production than 100 bpd, SRP takes the advantage as it has the ability of low volume lifting. In economical comparison it was observed that using both methods together was given better result. By increasing the number of wells that were applied ESP, 3.61% of increment in ROR was obtained relative to the present status.

Contemporary quality issues in product design are moving from materialistic to emotional user fulfillment; comprehensive research is needed to examine quality product feelings. This research is directed toward a deeper understanding of user and customer quality feelings for different product types, including services. The quality feelings concept includes dimensions of product quality, especially functionality, ergonomics and aesthetics. The first objective of this thesis is to identify, prioritize and synthesize quality feelings into product attributes in product development applications. The second objective is to explore, test and propose methodological approaches for designing quality feelings into products. Several methods from psychology, ergonomics, statistics and probabilistic methods and heuristics were applied to achieve the objectives. From a methodological viewpoint, Likert scales, free elicitation technique and Just About Right scales were applied for data collection. Multiple Regression, Factor Analysis, Correspondence Analysis, Genetic algorithms, Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Rough Sets (RS) were applied for data analyses. For ergonomic product evaluations, direct observations, 3D workload simulations, time and frequency analyses were conducted. Five product applications are included in this thesis: operator driver cabin design of reach trucks, steering wheel design trigger switch design in right-angled nutrunners, bed-making systemsproducts and waiting room environments. Heuristic methods were found effective when there is a high number of product attributes that interact to provide quality feelings. RS results are consistent with PLS attribute predictions. When the number of product attributes is large in comparison to the number of observations, PLS extracts informative results for quality feelings. The RS method is effective in identifying interactions among design attributes. Quality feelings are associated with both tangible (tactile characteristics) and intangible (quick and easy to use) product characteristics. Words such as safety, functionality, ergonomics, comfort, reliability, supportiveness, usability, feedback, pleasantness, attractiveness, durability and distinctiveness describe quality feelings from tangible products and services. Based on product type, the quality dimensions represented by these words possess different interactions and dependencies. In work environments, products act as prostheses between workers for social interaction, which need to be considered as important quality feelings dimensions. / QC 20111017

This project-based dissertation described, in detail, a seven-step research and development (R&D) process used to create, and bring to operational use, an educational tool that supported the academic use of the assessment loop: the Guidebook For Student Learning Outcomes & The Assessment Loop. The dissertation established the problem that this product solved, provided relevant research, including a literature review, and the process and methods that led to the development of this useful product. It described the purpose of this specific guidebook and for guidebooks in general. This project was informed by research of instructional design of text-based teaching materials, R&D-focused field-testing procedures, assessment theory and practice, programmatic and online course assessment needs and practices, and use of Moodle as an assessment tool and evidence repository. About the product: The guidebook is designed for use by Community College department chairs (DCs) and faculty members. It describes, from the viewpoint of a practitioner, each step in the process of assessment: from creating and measuring student learning outcomes (SLOs) to using assessment for improvement. It is hoped that use of the Guidebook by its intended audience will lead to more comprehensive assessment practices at the colleges where it is used.

Combining products and services into Product-Service Systems (PSS), which are often owned and even operated by the company offering them, is seen as an important element of conducting more sustainable business. The prospective environmental benefits of PSS lie mainly in the improved resource- and operational efficiency. This is achieved by way of a critical shift in incentive structure: If an industrial company assumes responsibility for an offering throughout the lifecycle, the terms on which that company operates are changed substantially in comparison to traditional product sales. Instead of benefiting from a short lifetime through additional sales opportunities or making profit through the sale of spare parts, in highly integrated PSS, each parts exchange, each technicians’ visit and each day the lifetime of the offering is reduced directly affects the bottom line of the provider. Due to that, solely as a result of economic rationality, a provider of these offerings has an incentive to design in such a way that the life of this offering is prolonged, need for spare parts is reduced, service activities are facilitated and simplified, and that the conditions are in place to allow for a second or third life of the offering through remanufacturing. Regardless of this compelling logic, at times, industrial companies fail to establish the preconditions to capturing these benefits as they continue to rely on product and sales-centric design processes even though they provide PSS. This thesis aims to examine this unexploited opportunity from two vantage points. On the one hand, methods conceived in academia to support industry in implementing and executing joint, lifecycle-focused design of products and services, and the use of these methods in practice, are examined. Here, the focus firstly lies on understanding how PSS are designed today, and secondly, on what should change about PSS design methods to improve their implementability and usability in industrial practice, so that they can fulfill their supposed role as facilitators of efficient PSS design and operation. On the other hand, the possible benefits of providing specifically designed and lifecycle-focused PSS as an industrial company are in focus. To this end, the value attained by providers throughout the use phase of PSS is investigated, to then identify possible approaches towards enhancing this value. Eventually, both focus-areas are joined in an effort to examine the interaction between method-supported, lifecycle-oriented PSS design and the value attained by providers of such offerings. As a result of the research, a lacking adaptation of design processes to PSS is identified in the case companies. Further, shortcomings of PSS design methods conceived in academia, e.g. excessive complexity, lacking clarity and rigidity, are found in both literature as well as in a study with an industrial company. To take a first step towards rectifying this issue, six characteristics intended to enhance implementability and usability of PSS design methods, are presented. The value attained by PSS providers has been found to be a complex but important subject. In a case study, value determinants of high relevance to the use phase of the lifecycle have been identified and assessed for their utility as indicators in the evaluation and enhancement of PSS offerings in the design phase. The practitioners involved were supportive of the applicability of the systematic approach presented to capture more value through offering PSS. In joining both the value- and method-oriented approach, the mutual dependency of both aspects is discussed. In order to provide PSS in an economically and environmentally efficient fashion, adapting the existing design processes is imperative. The value attained by the provider can, complementary to existing customer-centric approaches, serve as an important goal for the adaptation of design processes. Ultimately, through understanding the change in incentive structure at the core of PSS, and through implementing a value-driven design process supported by efficient and effective methods aimed at providing both customer value and capturing provider benefits throughout the lifecycle, there is a genuine potential of conducting more sustainable business.

<p>Den här rapporten behandlar frågeställningen om hur man kan anpassa systemutvecklingav ett informationssystem enligt livscykelmodellen till att inkludera användbarhetstester. </p><p>Frågeställningen grundar sig i att god användbarhet inte är ett explicit uttryckt mål i Andersens beskrivning av livscykelmodellen. För att besvara frågeställningen har vi utvecklat och testat ett bokningssystem åt en mindre verksamhet. Utvecklingsarbetet har bedrivits enligt en egen anpassning av livscykelmodellen. Testerna har utförts enligt metoden c<i>ooperativ evaluation. </i></p><p>Frågeställningen besvaras genom att vi presenterar hur vi har gått tillväga för att inbegripa testerna i utvecklingsprocessen. De delar av informationssystemet som vi utvärderat beskrivs i rapporten. </p><p>Testerna hjälpte till att identifiera problem i systemets gränssnitt som annars troligen inte skulle ha upptäckts förrän slutanvändarna fått tillgång till systemet. </p><p>Slutsatserna är att det är möjligt, och dessutom önskvärt ur användbarhetssynpunkt, att innefatta användbarhetstester i utveckling av informationssystem. </p> / <p>This reports regards the question of how one can adjust system development according to the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) to include usability testing. </p><p>The question is based on the fact that usability isn’t an explicit goal in Andersen description of the SDLC. To answer this question we have developed and tested an information system for a small business. The development has been carried on according to an own adaptation of the SDLC. The testings have been performed in accordance with the Cooperativ evaluation method. </p><p>The question is answered by the presentation of our adaptation to include the tests in the development process. The parts of the information system we have evaluated are described in the report. </p><p>The tests helped to identify problems in the user interface which otherwise probably would not have been discovered until the end user gotten access to the system. </p><p>The conclusions are that it is possible, and furthermore desirable from a usability point of view, to include usability testing duringthe development of information systems.</p>

No âmbito das organizações empresariais, é premente a necessidade constante de lançamento de novos produtos e serviços em função da redução do time to market, o que vem requerendo maior precisão nas decisões de portfólio de oportunidades de inovação. Em específico, as questões de portfólio vêm sendo tratadas primordialmente na gestão de produtos e projetos, o que acaba por ocorrer tardiamente no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP), com preocupações concentradas na revisão ou gestão do portfólio de produtos e/ou projetos. Desta forma, há um descompasso entre a geração de oportunidades de inovações e o aproveitamento destas, como produtos e projetos, o que prejudica as organizações na identificação e valoração de suas inovações; na antecipação de oportunidades que venham a se tornar inovações; no equilíbrio das escolhas dentre vários critérios inclusive não financeiros; bem como, no direcionamento do portfólio a partir de uma estratégia harmônica. Visando instrumentalizar as organizações para suprir estas dificuldades, uma vez que elas carecem de métodos e técnicas que tratem o portfólio de forma mais ampla, o objetivo da pesquisa foi propor um Método de Referência na Geração do Portfólio de Oportunidades de Inovação (MERGE-OI), o que possibilitou que organizações empresariais brasileiras gerassem e selecionassem um portfólio de oportunidades de inovações de forma mais precisa, independente de seu porte e segmentação econômica. O MERGE-OI foi aplicado em cinco empresas representativas de três segmentos econômicos: alimentos e bebidas, construção civil e eletroeletrônico. A aplicação em campo permitiu validar a sua consistência e coerência. Quanto aos métodos, esta pesquisa é primordialmente observacional e de análise de conteúdo, sendo que, os mesmos foram empregados tanto como métodos quanto técnicas, o que consolidou o desenvolvimento da pesquisa em sete grandes etapas. Foram obtidos três grandes resultados advindos da pesquisa: o método de referência MERGE-OI (diagramas de atividades, entradas, saídas, documentos e arquitetura); a validação do MERGE-OI de acordo com critérios de redução de incerteza e utilidade, bem como, o portfólio de oportunidades de inovação das cinco empresas em que se aplicou o método em campo. De forma mais ampla, esta pesquisa trouxe à tona a importância da integração entre as disciplinas de gestão de inovação, gestão de produtos e gestão de projetos. / In the context of business organizations, there is an on-going need of products and services launch on a regular basis due to time to market shortening which has been taking better choices in portfolio decisions on innovation opportunities. In particular, the issues of portfolio has been considered primarily in product and project management, which usually occurs late in the product development process (PDP) focused on reviewing and managing the portfolio of products and projects. Therefore, there is a gap between the generation of innovation opportunities and its implementation as products or projects, which affects organizations in several aspects as identifying and valuing their innovations, detecting opportunities in earlier stages such that they can be turned into innovations, balancing choices among several criteria including non-financial as well as driving portfolio decisions from strategy. In order to overcome these difficulties, since there are a lack of methods and techniques that addresses the portfolio more broadly, this research goal was to propose a reference method for portfolio generation for innovation opportunities (MERGE-OI), which has enabled business organizations to create and select a portfolio of innovation opportunities with more assertiveness, whatever the size and market segmentation. The MERGE-OI was applied in five representatives enterprises on three economic sectors: food and beverage, construction and electronics. A field survey allowed the method to be validated in terms of consistency and coherence. Regarding the research method, this research is primarily observational and content analysis, an the same methods were employed as well as techniques, which consolidated the research development in seven major steps: each of with two main phases: pre-analysis and exploration, consolidating a research corpus based on documentary and research techniques. The three main results obtained were: the reference method MERGE-OI (activity diagrams, inputs, outputs, documents and architecture), the validation of MERGE-OI according to criteria such as usefulness and precision, as well as the portfolio of innovation opportunities in the five enterprises in which MERGE-OI was applied. More broadly, this research has highlighted the importance of integration among subjects such as innovation management, product management and project management.

Den här rapporten behandlar frågeställningen om hur man kan anpassa systemutvecklingav ett informationssystem enligt livscykelmodellen till att inkludera användbarhetstester. Frågeställningen grundar sig i att god användbarhet inte är ett explicit uttryckt mål i Andersens beskrivning av livscykelmodellen. För att besvara frågeställningen har vi utvecklat och testat ett bokningssystem åt en mindre verksamhet. Utvecklingsarbetet har bedrivits enligt en egen anpassning av livscykelmodellen. Testerna har utförts enligt metoden cooperativ evaluation. Frågeställningen besvaras genom att vi presenterar hur vi har gått tillväga för att inbegripa testerna i utvecklingsprocessen. De delar av informationssystemet som vi utvärderat beskrivs i rapporten. Testerna hjälpte till att identifiera problem i systemets gränssnitt som annars troligen inte skulle ha upptäckts förrän slutanvändarna fått tillgång till systemet. Slutsatserna är att det är möjligt, och dessutom önskvärt ur användbarhetssynpunkt, att innefatta användbarhetstester i utveckling av informationssystem. / This reports regards the question of how one can adjust system development according to the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) to include usability testing. The question is based on the fact that usability isn’t an explicit goal in Andersen description of the SDLC. To answer this question we have developed and tested an information system for a small business. The development has been carried on according to an own adaptation of the SDLC. The testings have been performed in accordance with the Cooperativ evaluation method. The question is answered by the presentation of our adaptation to include the tests in the development process. The parts of the information system we have evaluated are described in the report. The tests helped to identify problems in the user interface which otherwise probably would not have been discovered until the end user gotten access to the system. The conclusions are that it is possible, and furthermore desirable from a usability point of view, to include usability testing duringthe development of information systems.

Cette étude développe et teste empiriquement un modèle explicatif des comportements dysfonctionnels des auditeurs financiers. La revue de la littérature permet d'identifier les principaux facteurs ayant un impact significatif sur les dysfonctionnements (pression budgétaire et des délais...). Cette recherche propose d'étendre le périmètre des déterminants sous un angle relationnel et managérial. À cette fin, elle mobilise principalement l'approche de la relation supérieur - subordonné (LMX), mais aussi le role modeling et le style d'évaluation de la performance des auditeurs.Notre étude repose sur un questionnaire soumis aux auditeurs seniors opérant dans les grands réseaux de commissariat aux comptes constituant les principaux acteurs du marché de l'audit en France, plus précisément d'origines anglo-saxonne (Big 4) et française (Mazars).Pour tester nos hypothèses, la méthode d'estimation retenue est celle de type Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR).Les analyses soulignent que les trois dimensions du LMX, à savoir affection, loyauté et contribution ont un impact négatif et significatif sur les comportements adaptatifs (respectivement comportements non professionnels : CNP, mauvaise gestion de l’équipe d’audit : MGE et comportements réducteurs de qualité : QTB). En outre, les résultats mettent en lumière que, sous l’effet de mimétisme, les comportements managériaux adoptés par un supérieur réduisent le MGE, le QTB et le CNP. De plus, il a été observé qu’une perception favorable du soutien organisationnel et une évaluation axée sur des critères sociaux entraînent respectivement moins de QTB et de MGE. Enfin, certains résultats confirment ceux des recherches antérieures quant à l’impact du style d’évaluation basée sur des critères techniques, de l’engagement affectif, et de la pression liée au budget et aux délais sur les comportements dysfonctionnels. / This study develops and empirically tests an explanatory model in order to study the dysfunctional behaviors of financial auditors.The literature review allows to identify the main factors having a significant impact on malfunctions (budget pressure, time deadline pressure...). This research proposes extending the scope of the determinants in a relational and managerial perspective. To this end, it mobilizes mainly Leader-Member Exchange theory (LMX), but also the role modeling and the assessment style of auditors performance.Our study is based on a questionnaire which was sent to senior auditors who work in the large auditing networks which constitute the main actors of the audit market in France, specifically of Anglo-Saxon (Big 4) and French (Mazars) origins.To test our hypotheses, the estimation method of Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) was applied.The results show that the three dimensions of Leader Member-Exchange (LMX), namely affection, loyalty and contribution have a negative and significant impact on the adaptive behaviors (respectively unprofessional behaviors: CNP, mismanagement of the audit team: MGE and Quality-Threatening Behavior: QTB). Also, results highlight under the effect of mimetic, managerial behaviors adopted by a superior have been shown to reduce the MGE, but also QTB and CNP. In addition, it was revealed that a favorable perception of organizational support and an evaluation focused on social criteria result in less QTB and MGE respectively.Finally, the analyses confirm the results of previous research concerning the impact of the style assessment based on technical criteria, affective commitment, budget pressure and time deadline pressure on such types of behavior.

This master’s thesis project has been made in collaboration with Luleå University of Technology and client company ZEEKR to advance the knowledge about Augmented-Reality Head-Up Displays (AR-HUDs). The technological advancements being made in the automotive industry are rapidly moving forward, and the implementation of Head-Up Displays has been a hot topic and focal point of user safety and driving assistance discussions for the past couple of years.The earliest HUDs would only show static information (speedometer, speed limits, and other status information), but lately the implementation of Augmented Reality technology in HUDs can be seen in many flagship car brands. The projection technology has been improving drastically since the early versions, but despite this, many still believe the system to be only a gimmick that does not add real value to the user. In fact, many believe it has the opposite effect of its actual purpose: to aid the user in driving.  We have engaged in this project with ZEEKR to establish a guideline on what to have in mind when designing the interface for a system like this. Given ZEEKR’s market presence in China and Europe, we also explore cultural expectations and user interactions to balance satisfaction across markets. To summarize this into something concise, the following research questions have been shaped:  1. How can the design of an AR-HUD be tailored to meet the divergent cultural expectations of users in ZEEKR’s primary markets, China and Europe, while maintaining a cohesive user experience?  2. How can information be optimally presented on an AR-HUD to achieve a balanced cognitive workload for the driver?  As we progressed in the thesis, we gravitated towards a third research question which proved to also be of interest to ZEEKR. The research question emerged as:  3. How can AR-HUD systems be assessed resource efficiently while maximizing user  feedback?  The thesis follows an iterative, 4-phase process based on an Industrial Design Engineer’s workflow. Initially context was explored through user and stakeholder interactions, collecting qualitative and quantitative data. Then multiple HUD concepts were generated and tested. Three comprehensive user tests were conducted: a low-fidelity prototyping workshop, a medium-fidelity VR user test with digitally added HUD elements, and a high-fidelity VR user test with a Logitech G29 rig in a Unity game engine for interactive driving simulations.  Our findings, combined with academic research and expertise in interface design and user experience, are concrete design suggestions for the designing of AR HUD systems. The findings also show that the cultural differences between the two user groups were not a as big as anticipated, altough further testing is required to fully determine this. The resutls also include a standardized test-protocol built in Unity that ZEEKR can use for future testings. / Detta examensarbete har utförts i samarbete med Luleå tekniska universitet och ZEEKR för att öka kunskapen om Augmented Reality Head-Up Displays (AR- HUDs). De teknologiska framstegen inom fordonsindustrin rör sig snabbt framåt, och implementeringen av HUD:ar har varit en central punkt i diskussioner om användarsäkerhet och körassistans. De tidigaste HUD:arna visade endast statisk information, men på senare tid har augmented reality-teknologi implementerats i många ledande bilmärken. Projektionsteknologin har förbättrats drastiskt, men många anser att systemet bara är en gimmick som inte tillför något verkligt värde. Många anser faktiskt att det har motsatt effekt av sitt egentliga syfte: att hjälpa användaren vid körning.  Vi har engagerat oss i detta projekt med ZEEKR för att etablera en riktlinje för vad man ska ha i åtanke när man designar gränssnittet för ett system som detta. Med tanke på ZEEKR:s marknadsnärvaro i Kina och Europa utforskar vi också kulturella förväntningar och användarinteraktioner för att balansera tillfredsställelse över marknader. För att sammanfatta detta i något koncist har följande forskningsfrågor formulerats:  1. Hur kan designen av en AR-HUD skräddarsys för att möta de olika kulturella förväntningarna hos användare på ZEEKR:s primära marknader, Kina och Europa, samtidigt som man bibehåller en sammanhängande användarupplevelse?  2. Hur kan information presenteras optimalt på en AR-HUD för att uppnå en balanserad kognitiv arbetsbelastning för föraren?  När vi gick vidare med avhandlingen, drogs vi mot en tredje forskningsfråga som också visade sig vara av intresse för ZEEKR. Forskningsfrågan formulerades som:  3. Hur kan AR-HUD-system utvärderas resurseffektivt samtidigt som användarinsikterna maximeras?  Examensarbetet följer en iterativ process med fyra phasear baserad på en industridesigningenjörs arbetsflöde. Inledningsvis undersöktes kontexten genom interaktioner med användare och intressenter, och kvalitativ och kvantitativ data samlades in. Därefter genererades och testades flera HUD-koncept. Tre omfattande användartester genomfördes: en lågfidelitets-prototyp workshop, ett medelfidelitets- VR-test med digitalt tillagda HUD-element, och ett högfidelitets-VR-test med en Logitech G29-rigg i Unity-spelmotor för interaktiva körsimuleringar.  Våra resultat,i kombination med akademisk forskning och expertis inom gränssnittsdesign och användarupplevelse, utgör konkreta designförslag för utformningen av AR HUD-system. Resultaten visar också att de kulturella skillnaderna mellan de två användargrupperna inte var så stora som förväntat, även om ytterligare tester krävs för att fullt ut fastställa detta. Resultaten inkluderar också ett standardiserat testprotokoll byggt i Unity som ZEEKR kan använda för framtida tester.