This thesis deals with the adiabatic cooling air. Adiabatic cooling is a possible kind of cooling and air humidification with low energy requirements. Experimentally, evaporative cooler is tested with different types of material in order to find out the most efficient and practically useful filling for adiabatic cooling that could be used as part of the air-conditioning equipment in practice. The results are used in the practical part. The project compares the application of air-conditioning equipment with/without adiabatic cooling in the possible design of the air-conditioning equipment for the shopping center. The use of the air conditioning system with adiabatic cooling, as a more efficient variant, is then applied to the design itself.

This research is part of a project that aims to create a simulation workflow to design adaptive facades to not only reduce the energy demand of buildings and provide a good level of indoor comfort, but also to mitigate the urban heat island effect. The anthropogenic climate change results in a steady increase of hot days, tropical nights and heavy rainfall, affecting the quality of human comfort, especially in urban areas not only in hot regions of the world but also in Central Europe. Vertical greening systems are often a first-choice mitigation strategy to im- prove the deteriorating situation. By combining the use of natural resources like rainwater and solar radiation, the greening evaporates water and provides natural cooling. This paper deals with the efficiency and feasibility of vertical greening systems towards a relief in heat stress by sim- ulating different constructions under local circumstances of three climate zones, focusing on the night-time. To carry out the simulations with microclimate simulation tool ENVI-met, an urban apartment complex was designed and provided with different kinds of vertical greening to in- vestigate the various positive effects resulting from the green façade. As a shading device, the greened walls showed a significant decrease of wall surface temperatures of up to 18K. However, restricted transpiration fluxes obstruct exploiting the full potential of evaporative cooling, espe- cially during night-time.

The project "Feasibility of evaporative cooling and toilet flushing using rainwater in a public building" combines rainwater harvesting with the evaporative cooling technology and toilet flushing and explores the practicality and viability of implementing this innovative system in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. This study comprehensively investigates various aspects related to water and energy, and the entire system is computationally modelled using the Equation Engineering Solver (EES) software. The primary objective of the project is to assess the feasibility of utilizing harvested rainwater either for employing evaporative cooling for temperature control or for flushing toilets in a commercial building. By leveraging these sustainable practices, the project aims to reduce both water consumption and energy usage, thereby promoting environmental conservation and decreasing the ecological footprint. The study involves an in-depth analysis of several key aspects. Firstly, the local climate and rainfall patterns in Gothenburg are examined to evaluate the availability and adequacy of rainwater as a resource. Secondly, evaporative cooling technology is extensively investigated to determine its efficiency in cooling indoor spaces. The thermal dynamics and cooling potential of the system are analyzed, taking into account factors such as temperature differentials, humidity levels, and air circulation. The Equation Engineering Solver software is employed to simulate and compute the system's performance under varying conditions, allowing for predictions and optimization. For doing that, three cases with different conditions concerning the priorities of cooling and flushing necessities and the water volume in the two existing tanks in the installation have been developed in order to analyse the benefits they would bring in terms of energy and water savings. The comprehensive analysis of the technical and environmental feasibility of the three cases of study provides some advantageous results. Starting by analyzing the water aspect, in the first case, the one that prioritizes the cooling aspect while the water to fill the toilet flushing necessities is provided just if in the second tank there is any water left, a total of 37% and 10% of the requirements would be filled for the AHU and the toilet flushing respectively. Secondly, the case that still prioritizes the cooling demand but water for toilet flushing is provided as long as the storage tank is half full, meets 69% and 8% of the demand of the AHU and the flushing respectively. Laying aside the flushing aspect considering simply cooling in the third case, 75% of the supply within the AHU is met. When it comes to the thermal part, on the one hand, fractions provided by the new evaporative system are 22%, 32% and 49% respectively. This is due to the fact that almost every month in the three cases studied aims for extra cooling since the system does not hold the quantity of water required and therefore, an extra supply from the current cooling device is needed. Nevertheless, the system brings energy savings of 1005.3, 1510.4 and 2022.4 kWh per year. Furthermore, the energy consumption, in the three cases is very similar and low. The conclusions of the project, from a technical point of view, despite considering the fact that the requirements are not entirely met with actual medium contribution fractions either within the water and cooling aspects, with the existing water availability, the tanks and the pumps sizing and the existing AHU, the system is reliable and is capable to perform properly. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is technically feasible. Concerning the environmental feasibility, the key point of the study, depending on the case, the system would bring different savings. On the one hand, the water savings are 40.3, 47.0 and 8.2 m3 yearly for every case respectively, concluding that the second case is the one that would entail the highest water savings to the system. On the other hand, the energy savings hold values of 1005.3, 1510.4 and 2022.4 kWh annually, with the third case bringing the greatest value. Consequently, the three cases can be considered environmentally feasible since all of them achieve the overall objective of the project, the reduction of water and energy usage. However, depending on the savings’ preferences, either the second case with the highest reduction in water or the third case with the highest decrease in energy could be considered the best ones. From a general point of view, the second case could be the most suitable to set since it is the one that saves more water and moreover, it brings an energy reduction between the average values in the first and in the third case. These outcomes provide valuable insights and inform decision-making processes for the successful implementation and adoption of the system, and they guide future implementation strategies and contributions to sustainable urban development. / Projektet " Genomförbarhet för evaporativ kylning och spolning av WC med regnvatten " kombinerar insamling av regnvatten med evaporativ kylningsteknik och toalettspolning och utforskar möjligheten implementera detta innovativa system i Göteborgs stad, Sverige. Denna studie undersöker aspekter som vatten och energi. Systemet är modellerat med hjälp av programvaran Equation Engineering Solver (EES). Det primära syftet med projektet är att bedöma genomförbarheten av att använda uppsamlat regnvatten antingen för att endast evaporativ kyla för temperaturkontroll i en kommersiell byggnad eller för att spola toaletter med. Genom detta syftar projektet till att minska både vattenförbrukning och energianvändning, och därigenom främja miljö och minimera det ekologiska fotavtrycket. Studien gör en djupgående analys av flera nyckelaspekter. För det första undersöks det lokala klimatetoch nederbördsmönstren i Göteborg för att utvärdera tillgängligheten och tillräckligheten av regnvatten som resurs. För det andra undersöks tekniken för evaporativ kylning för att fastställa dess effektivitet vid kylning av inomhusutrymmen. Systemets kylningspotential analyseras med hänsyn till faktorer som temperaturskillnader, fuktighetsnivåer och luftcirkulation. Programvaran Equation Engineering Solver används för att simulera och beräkna systemets prestanda under varierande förhållanden, vilket möjliggör exakta förutsägelser och optimering.För att göra det har tre fall med olika förutsättningar avseende prioritering av kyl- och spolningsbehov samt vattenvolymen i de två befintliga tankarna i anläggningen testats för att analysera deras respektive energi- och vattenbesparingar. Utifrån vattenaspekten kunde det första fallet, den som prioriterar kyla medan vattnet för att fylla toalettens spolningsbehov tillhandahålls om det finns något vatten kvar i den mindre tanken, fylla totalt 37% och 10% av vattenbehovet för evaporativ kyla respektive toalettspolning. För det andra fallet, prioritering av kylbehovet men vatten för toalettspolning tillhandahålls så länge lagringstanken är halvfull, tillhandahåller 69 % och 8 % av behovet av evaporativ kyla respektive spolningen. För det tredje fallet, där allt vatten avses användas till evaporativ uppfylls 75 % av vattenbehovet. När det gäller den energimässiga aspekten tillhandahålls 22 %, 32 % respektive 49 % av det kylbehovs som krävs. Detta beror på att det under de tre studerade månaderna inte finns tillräckligt med vatten och därför krävs extrakyla. Systemet ger ändå en energibesparingar på 1005, 1510 respektive 2022 kWh per år.Projektets slutsatser, ur teknisk synvinkel, är att trots att man beaktar att hela behovet inte helt uppfylls vare sig inom vatten- och kylaspekterna, med den befintliga vattentillgången, tankarna och pumparnas dimensionering och den befintliga AHU:n är systemet pålitligt och kan fungera korrekt. Därför kan man dra slutsatsen att det är tekniskt genomförbart. När det gäller den miljömässiga genomförbarheten, den viktigaste punkten i studien, skulle systemet medföra olika besparingar beroende på fallet. Å ena sidan är vattenbesparingarna 40,3, 47,0 och 8,2 m3 årligen för varje fall, således är det andra fallet är det som skulle medföra störst vattenbesparing för systemet. Å andra sidan är energibesparingen störst för det tredje fallet. Följaktligen kan de tre fallen anses vara miljömässigt genomförbara eftersom de alla uppnår projektets övergripande mål, att minska vatten- och energianvändningen. Men beroende på besparingarnas preferenser kan antingen det andra fallet med den högsta minskningen av vatten eller det tredje fallet med den högsta minskningen av energi anses vara det bästa. Ur en allmän synvinkel kan det andra fallet vara det mest lämpliga att ställa in eftersom det är det som sparar mer vatten och dessutom ger det en energireduktion mellan medelvärdena i det första och i det tredje fallet. Slutligen ger dessa resultat ger värdefulla insikter hur framtida liknande system kan utformas för att bidrag till hållbar stadsutveckling.

Solar DEC (Desiccant and Evaporative Cooling) air-conditioning is a renewable technological approach to the future air-conditioning of buildings driven with solar-thermal heat. The principal acceptance of solar airconditioning has led to system prototypes mainly across Europe, however the diffusion of this innovative technology is proceeding slowly due to little field testing experience. In climates with coexisting heating demand particularly, a multivalent system approach that utilizes solar-heat not only for air-conditioning but also for hot water preparation and heating has potential as a feasible concept. However, previous research focused on systems using solar heat exclusively for the DEC-process. This research contributes to the advancement of the solar DEC-technology with multivalent use of solar thermal heat. The investigation consists of an initial detailed in-situ monitoring analysis of a system prototype operated in an industrial environment, followed by the development of optimised system concepts and a climate-specific analysis of the solar DEC-technology. The monitoring provided in-depth knowledge about the system operation, revealing the reasons for the insufficient refrigeration capacity achieved in practice. A detailed simulation model for an entire multivalent solar DEC-system including the heat sinks, DEC-system, heating and hot-water preparation was developed and a DEC-control strategy has been formulated. A new optimised control strategy for multivalent systems with simultaneous sink supply concept was devised. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to investigate the key design parameters for the dimensioning of multivalent solar DEC-systems. The research concluded that the auxiliary primary energy consumption of the optimised system was lower by one third compared to the initial system. Finally, a methodological zoning approach was developed, to systematically produce design-specific outline data for the application of the solar DEC-technology at climatically different sites.

This thesis describes the design, construction and optimisation of two compact setups to produce ⁸⁷Rb Bose-Einstein condensates and dual ⁷Li-⁸⁷Rb Magneto- Optical Traps (MOTs). The motivation for compact systems is to have simplified systems to cool the atoms. The first experimental setup is based on a single pyrex glass cell without the need for atom chips. Fast evaporation will be achieved in a hybrid trap comprising of a magnetic quadrupole trap and an optical dipole trap created by a Nd:YVO4 laser and with future plans of using a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM). To enhance an efficient and rapid evaporation, we have investigated Light-Induced Atomic Desorption (LIAD) to modulate the Rb partial pressure during the cooling and trapping stage. With this technique, a ⁸⁷Rb MOT of 7 x 10⁷ atoms was loaded by shining violet light from a LED source into the glass cell, whose walls are coated with rubidium atoms. The atoms were then cooled by optical molasses and then loaded into a magnetic trap where lifetime measurements demonstrated that LIAD improves on magnetically-trapped atoms loaded from constant background pressure by a factor of six. This is quite encouraging and opens the possibility to do a rapid evaporation. In a second experiment, we have designed a compact system based on a stainless steel chamber to trap either ⁷Li or ⁶Li atoms in a MOT loaded from alkali-metal dispensers without the need of conventional oven-Zeeman slower. This setup can also load ⁸⁷Rb atoms, allowing future projects to simultaneously produce degenerate quantum gases of bosonic ⁸⁷Rb and fermionic ⁶Li atoms.

Master of Science / Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering / Steven J. Eckels / Membrane dehumidification and evaporative cooling applications have the potential to significantly improve the energy efficiency of air conditioning equipment. The use of wire mesh media in such membrane applications is feasible but has not been studied extensively. Therefore, the aim of this work is to investigate the heat and mass transfer performance of several different wire mesh media in membrane based dehumidification and evaporative cooling. There were six wire mesh membranes tested in an experimental facility. The wire mesh membranes vary with respect to percent open area, wire diameter, pore size and material. Two non-permeable, solid membranes were also tested in the facility and compared with the wire mesh membranes. The test section of the experimental facility consists of a narrow air duct and a plate apparatus. The membrane samples were fashioned into rectangular plates and installed into the test section. The plate membranes separate liquid water and air flow streams. The inlet air temperature and humidity are altered to produce condensation or evaporation at the membrane surface. The average convective heat and mass transfer coefficient of the air boundary layer is measured for each of the experimental plates. Membrane based dehumidification and evaporative cooling were accomplished using the wire mesh media. However, the wire mesh membranes did not exhibit any significant differences in their performance. The mesh plates were compared with the solid plate membranes and it was discovered that the solid plates exhibited significantly higher heat transfer coefficients during condensation conditions. This result most likely is due to the formation of large water droplets on the solid plates during condensation. The experimental data is then compared to analytical predictions of the heat and mass transfer coefficients developed from several heat transfer correlations and by invoking the heat and mass transfer analogy. The experimental data is also compared directly with the heat and mass transfer analogy. It was found that the data did not compare well with the heat and mass transfer analogy. This result is attributed to the fact that the membrane surface limits the amount of direct exposure to the gas-liquid interface.

Usando a técnica de resfriamento evaporativo para átomos comprimidos numa armadilha magnética tipo QUIC, implementamos experimentos para observar Condensação de Bose-Einstein de átomos de sódio. Nessa armadilha magnética temos átomos advindos de uma armadilha magneto-óptica, a qual é carregada por um feixe desacelerado como etapa de pré-resfriamento. Nossas medidas foram baseadas em imagens de absorção fora de ressonância de um feixe de prova pela amostra atômica. Essas imagens foram feitas in situ, ou seja, na presença do campo da armadilha magnética, pelo fato do número de átomos ser baixo e a técnica de tempo de vôo não ser adequada a essa situação. Baseado no perfil de densidade e na temperatura medidos, calculamos a densidade de pico no espaço de fase D, a qual é seguida nas várias etapas de evaporação. Nossos resultados mostram que para uma freqüência final de evaporação de 1,65 MHz nós superamos o valor esperado para D (2,612) alcançar o ponto crítico, no centro da amostra, para obter a condensação. Devido ao baixo número de átomos restantes no potencial, a interação não produz efeitos consideráveis e dessa forma um modelo de gás ideal permite justificar essa observação. / Using a system composed of a QUIC trap loaded from a slowed atomic beam, we have performed experiments to observe the Bose-Einstein Condensation of Na atoms. In order to obtain the atomic distribution in the trap, we use an in situ out of resonance absorption image of a probe beam to determine the temperature and the density, which are use to calculate the phase space D. We have followed D as a function of the final evaporation frequency. The results show that at 1.65 MHz we crossed the critical value for D which corresponds to the point to start Bose-Condensation of the sample. Due to the low number of atoms remaining in the trap at the critical point, the interaction produce minor effects and therefore an ideal gas model explains well the observations.

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência do sistema de resfriamento adiabático evaporativo (SRAE), acionado em diferentes horários, em instalação do tipo free-stall e a interação entre o ambiente e a ocorrência de mastite bem como seus reflexos nas respostas produtivas, fisiológicas e comportamentais de vacas em lactação. Foram utilizadas 28 vacas em lactação, multíparas, das raças Holandesa Preta e Branca e Parda Suíça, com produção média diária de 23 kg de leite/animal por dia distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualisado. O período experimental de 56 dias teve início em 20 de janeiro de 2003. Os tratamentos foram: controle (sem SRAE); Dia (SRAE acionado das 7 às 19 h); Noite (SRAE acionado das 19 às 7 h) e 24 horas (SRAE acionado durante 24h). Os equipamentos foram acionados toda vez que a temperatura atingiu 22ºC. A temperatura de bulbo seco (TBS), umidade relativa do ar (UR) e a temperatura de globo negro (TGN) foram mensuradas ao longo das 24 horas. A freqüência respiratória (FR), a temperatura retal (TR) e temperatura do pelame (TP) foram tomadas duas vezes por semana às 7, 13 e 21 h. A ordenha foi realizada às 7 e às 19 h. Amostragens semanais de leite e sangue foram realizadas para análise da composição do leite (gordura, proteína, lactose e contagem de células somáticas) e determinações hormonais de cortisol, tiroxina (T4) e triiodotironina (T3). Para análise comportamental foram observadas, semanalmente, as atividades (ingestão de água, alimento, ruminação e ócio, em pé ou deitada) de cinco animais de cada tratamento, por um período de 24 horas, em intervalos de 10 minutos. Para avaliação da ocorrência de mastite clínica e subclínica foram feitos exames semanais de TAMIS (caneca de fundo preto) e California Mastitis Test (CMT). Foram colhidas amostras de leite de todos os quartos para identificação microbiológica dos agentes causais da mastite. A climatização do free-stall utilizado no tratamento dia conseguiu manter a temperatura dentro da faixa de termoneutralidade até as 12 h, mas a partir da 17 h a TBS do tratamento dia foi significativamente maior que o tratamento controle e 24 horas. As TGN, UR e ITU permaneceram acima da termoneutralidade. Foi observada uma correlação linear positiva entre a temperatura retal e as TP. Nos animais do tratamento controle os níveis de cortisol encontravam-se acima dos níveis normais. O consumo de matéria seca dos animais submetidos ao tratamento noite foi maior (P<0,05), entretanto, isso não refletiu na produção de leite. Os animais do tratamento controle e 24 horas permaneceram o menor tempo se alimentando, gastaram mais tempo em ócio, e levaram menos tempo ruminando. Na fase pré-experimental a maior freqüência de isolamento bacteriano foi para Staphylococcus coagulase negativa. No tratamento noite e dia, houve uma diminuição na proporção de casos positivos de mastite subclínica da fase pré-experimental em relação à última semana da fase experimental. Na última semana da fase experimental houve uma diminuição de Staphylococcus coagulase negativa e aumento da ocorrência de Corynebacterium sp. / The purpose of this research was to compare the efficiency of three different schedule for using an adiabatic evaporative cooling with misting system (AEC) in a free-stall and its influence on the occurrence of clinical and sub clinical mastitis, as well as, on the physiological and milk production parameters on lactating cows. A total of 28 Brown Swiss and Holstein multiparous cows were random allocated in four groups. At starting of the experiment the daily average of milk production was 23 kg per animal. The overall experimental period was of 56 days, starting from January 20th. Treatments were: control group (without AEC); Day (AEC turned on from 7 to 19 h); Night (AEC turned on from 19 to 7 h) and 24 h (AEC turned on during 24h). Every time the temperature reached 22ºC the AEC automatically start functioning. The dry bulb temperature (DBT), relative humidity (RH) and black globe temperature (BGT) were measuread hourly inside and outside of facilities through a period of 24 hours. The respiratory frequency (RF), rectal temperature (RT) and skin temperature (ST) were registered twice a week at 7, 13 e 21 h. The milking was performed at 7 and 19 h. The samples of milk and blood were weekly taken to be performed the milk composition analyses (fat %, protein %, lactose %, somatic cell counts) as well as to hormonal analyses of cortisol, thyroxin (T4) e triiodothyronine(T3) levels. To be performed the behavior analyses five animals, from each group, were weekly observed, each 10 minutes during a 24h period, in respect to the following activities: water and food ingestion, ruminating, and time in resting on foot or lying. The results of the strip cup and California Mastitis Test (CMT) were weekly registered to evaluate the occurrence of clinical and subclinical mastitis. Milk samples were aseptically collected from the quarters of all animals to be submitted to microbiological examination to etiologic mastitis microorganisms identification. The free-stall cooling used in the day group kept the temperature under the thermoneutrality range till 12 h, however from 17 h in the day group the DBT was statistically higher than in control and 24 h groups. It was detected significant difference among the groups (P<0.05) in respect to the following parameters: BGT, RH e temperature-humidity index (THI) that was higher than the thermoneutrality range. It was observed a positive linear correlation between rectal temperature and PT. The cortisol levels among the control group animals were higher than the normal values. In spite of the dry matter consume by the animals of night group were higher (P<005), the same was not observed in respect of milk production. The animals of the control group stayed less time eating stayed longer lazily and less time ruminating. Staphylococcus coagulase negative was the most commonly isolate before the experimental period It was observed a reduction on subclinical mastits frequency in the animals of day and night groups when compared to the last week of the experimental period. It was observed a reduction on Staphylococcus coagulase negative frequency and increased Corynebacterium sp occurrence in the last week of the experimental period.

Neste trabalho nós apresentamos detalhadamente todo o desenvolvimento experimental realizado em São Carlos para produção e estudo de gases quânticos, visando principalmente à produção do condensado de Bose-Einstein em átomos de Na-23. Para isso projetamos, construímos e integramos todo um complexo sistema experimental que reúne a maioria das técnicas desenvolvidas na área de átomos frios nas últimas décadas: desaceleração de feixes atômicos, aprisionamento magnético e magneto-óptico de átomos neutros, resfriamento sub-Doppler, resfriamento evaporativo induzido por radiofreqüência, manipulação de altos campos magnéticos e o processamento de imagens de amostras próximas do zero absoluto. Com isso realizamos o primeiro e mais importante passo, também o mais difícil, do nosso projeto de estudo de gases quânticos, que foi o desenvolvimento e operacionalização de todo o aparato experimental. Ainda assim, este trabalho não se resume apenas ao desenvolvimento de instrumentação, pois ao longo do caminho também fizemos contribuições cientificas originais e importantes para o desenvolvimento da área de átomos frios, como um todo. Essas contribuições resultaram em várias publicações que estão anexadas no apêndice III, mas não constituem o foco deste trabalho, cujo principal objetivo é o estudo de gases quânticos macroscopicamente degenerados. / We present here all the experimental development obtained in São Carlos to produce and study quantum degenerate gases, aiming specially the realization of Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) in sodium (Na-23) atoms. In order to do that we designed, built and completely integrated a complex experimental setup which conjugates most of the techniques developed along the last decades to produce cold atoms: atomic beam slowing, magnetic and magneto-optical trapping, optical sub-Doppler cooling, forced evaporative cooling induced by radio-frequency (RF), controlling of high gradient and curvature magnetic fields for atom trapping and the image acquisition and processing of atomic samples near absolute zero temperatures. During this period we did the first and most important step, also the most difficult, of our current project to study quantum gases, which was the development and realization of all the experimental apparatus. However, this work is not just about instrumentation, and along the way we also did important scientific contributions to the cold atom field, as whole. These contributions resulted in several publications, listed in appendix III, but they do not constitute the focus of this work, which main goal is the study of macroscopically quantum degenerate gases.

O trabalho foi realizado em duas fases. A primeira teve como objetivo avaliar as intermitências do sistema de resfriamento adiabático evaporativo por aspersão na linha de alimentação em freestall usando os índices de conforto térmico e respostas fisiológicas de vacas em lactação. Foram utilizadas 12 vacas, multíparas, produção média de 30 kg de leite dia-1. Os tratamentos adotados foram às intermitências de 12, 14 e 16 min. A temperatura do bulbo seco (TBS), umidade relativa (UR) e temperatura de globo negro (TGN) foram mensuradas ao longo das 24 horas. A freqüência respiratória (FR), temperatura retal (TR) e temperatura da pele (TP) foram medidas diariamente em intervalos determinados. A TBS (31,5ºC), TGN (32,5ºC), THI (79,1) e BGHI (80,9) foram maiores na intermitência 12 min quando comparados aos demais tratamentos. A UR foi mais elevada no tratamento 14 min (60,3%) em relação à intermitência de 12 min (51,0%). As vacas que receberam o tratamento 12 min apresentaram maior valor de TR (39,1ºC) e FR (76,0 mov min-1) quando comparadas ao tratamento 16 min. O intervalo de 16 min resultou em menor consumo de água, devendo ser empregado para evitar desperdícios do SRAE. O segundo experimento objetivou avaliar a eficiência de sistemas de climatização na área de descanso em freestall e sua influência nas respostas produtivas, fisiológicas e comportamentais de vacas em lactação. O período experimental teve duração de 28 dias consecutivos do mês de novembro de 2003. Foram utilizadas 30 vacas em lactação, multíparas, com produção média de 20 kg de leite dia-1. Os tratamentos adotados foram: ausência de ventilação (V0), ventilação (V) e ventilação + nebulização (VN) posicionados na cama dos animais. A temperatura do bulbo seco (TBS), umidade relativa do ar (UR) e temperatura de globo negro (TGN) foram mensurados ao longo das 24 horas. A freqüência respiratória (FR), temperatura retal (TR) e temperatura do pelame (TP) foram realizadas às 9, 11, 13, 15 e 17 horas. Para a análise comportamental, instalaram-se quatro vídeo-câmeras por tratamento, em locais estratégicos do freestall para capturar a ingestão, ruminação, ócio e deslocamento dos animais. As variáveis meteorológicas e índices de conforto permaneceram acima da termoneutralidade. Também não foram constatadas alterações na freqüência respiratória e temperatura do pelame. Os animais em V0 e V apresentaram maior consumo de matéria seca, entretanto, este não refletiu em maior produção de leite. Verificou-se maior tempo despendido com a ingestão de alimentos (106,8 min) e água (21,7 min) nos animais do tratamento V quando comparados com V0 e VN. O tempo de ruminação dos animais em V0 (164,3 min) foi superior aos constatados em V (102,5 min) e VN (129,5 min). Já as vacas do tratamento VN (200,2 min) apresentaram maior tempo em ócio quando comparadas com V0 (164,3 min) e V (117,0 min). Não foram constatas diferenças no tempo que as vacas permaneceram deitadas. Nas condições do presente experimento, a adoção de sistemas de climatização na área de descanso não se mostrou eficiente. / This first work aimed to evaluate the effect of sprinkling frequency of adiabatic evaporative cooling system within feed line of a freestall in relation to temperature and humidity index (THI) and black globe temperature index (BGHI) and physiological responses in dairy cows. Data were registered during 116 days from January to May 2003. Twelve multiparous dairy cows with mean milk production of 30 kg day-1 were used. Treatments were sprinkling frequencies every 12, 14 or 16 minutes in sprinkler system with the same non-intermittent interval (85 seconds). Dry bulb temperature (DBT), air relative humidity (RH) and black globe temperature (BGT) inside and outside of facilities were measured hourly through a period of 24 hours. Respiratory frequency (RF), rectal temperature (RT) and skin temperature (ST) were taken at 13, 14, 15 and 16h in all the animals submitted to the treatments. The meteorological variables, DBT (31.5ºC) and BGT (32.5ºC), and the indexes of thermal comfort, THI (79.1) and BGHI (80.9), were higher with 12 minutes of sprinkling frequency when compared to other treatments. The RH was higher (60.3%) with 14 minutes than with 12 minutes (51.0%). In relation to physiological parameters, lactating cows with 12 minutes had higher rectal temperature (39.1ºC), respiratory frequency (76.0 mov min-1) when compared to with 16 minutes. To avoid unnecessary wastes should be used the interval of 16 min that resulted in the smallest amount of water consumed by the sprinkling cooling system. The second work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of thermal conditioned in free-stall facilities and its consequences on productive and physiological responses in dairy cows. Experimental period was 28 consecutive days of November 2003. Third dairy multiple cows with mean milk production of 20 kg.day-1. Treatments were: non-fan (NF), fan (F) and fan + misting (FM) in direction to animal bedding. Dry bulb temperature (DBT), air relative humidity (RH) and black globe temperature (BGT) inside and outside of facilities were measured every 15 minutes through a period of 24 hours. Milking was realized at 1, 9 and 17 hours and registering daily production. Animals were fed twice a day (10 and 15 hours) and amounts of offered and rejected feed were daily registered. Physiological data, as respiratory frequency (RF), rectal temperature (RT) and skin temperature (ST), were taken at 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17h. The RH was higher in V0 (61.8%) and VN (61.8%) treatments than in V (60.3%). The facilities (V) where it was used had higher BGT (27.4ºC) in relation to V0 (27.1ºC). Also, THI was higher in V (75.0) than in V0 (74.5) and VN (74.3) treatments. In relation to physiological parameters, lactating cows of V0 treatment had lower rectal temperature at 11, 13 and 17h. Respiratory frequencies were within normal variation, showing that animals of all treatments did not in heat stress condition. Higher feed intakes were observed in animals of V0 (20.5 kg DM.day-1) and V (21.3 kg DM.day-1) treatments, but it did not increase milk productions.