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The thesis consists of two equal parts - of a part dealing with didactic aspects of teaching linear algebra, and of an unconventionally approached textbook Fundamentals of Linear Algebra, which is appended as a separate attachment. The didactic part deals with teaching mathematics, especially linear algebra, at the University of Economics in Prague, namely from the historical and methodological point of view. The thesis also includes a detailed evaluation of students' knowledge tests. The conclusions are largely portable to other non- technically oriented universities. The textbook is designed with respect to two levels of difficulty; it is written in the form accessible for students with lighter assumptions for the study of mathematics. The textbook is designed especially for students of universities where mathematics is not the main focus; it may also serve to interested high schools students as an introduction to a more advanced study of linear algebra.

Machine learning has been paid a lot of attention in recent years. One of the studied fields is employment of adversarial examples. These are artifi- cially constructed examples which evince two main features. They resemble the real training data and they deceive already trained model. The ad- versarial examples have been comprehensively investigated in the context of deep convolutional neural networks which process images. Nevertheless, their properties have been rarely examined in connection with NLP-processing networks. This thesis evaluates the effect of using the adversarial examples during the training of the recurrent neural networks. More specifically, the main focus is put on the recurrent networks whose text input is in the form of a sequence of word/character embeddings, which have not been pretrained in advance. The effects of the adversarial training are studied by evaluating multiple NLP datasets with various characteristics.

The use of new tools for mathematics at school wins increasingly Importance. It follows from this that they are consquences as well as on aims and contents of mathematics at school us like on methods in the lessons. It is not unusual, that students and parents and also university professors are to be feared, that the calculation competence is decreasing with the use of CAS. In the lesson should be showed a possible way to developing such competences in the beginning phase of the learning process in Algebra. The examples refer to a level of school mathematics for students in the middle school age. The methods tell apart phases with and without CAS and shows a didactic principles of mathematics lessons in the case of use of CAS handheld technology.

Den tekniska utvecklingen har varit storskalig i världen och människors vardagsliv har ändrats mycket det senaste seklet. I kontrast till detta har den svenska skolan inte sett samma hastiga tekniska utveckling. Samtidigt visar resultat från PISA att elevers resultat i matematik sjunker. Här identifieras två problem som måste lösas. Därför syftade denna undersökning till att underlätta elevers matematikstudier genom att skapa en ny digital lärmiljö. Lärmiljön kom att kombinera matematiska lösningsförslag med nätcoaching. Det gjordes med hjälp av det digitala läromedlet Mathleaks och lärplattformen TalkMath. Därefter analysera hur entill-en nätcoaching fungerade i denna nya lärmiljö. Undersökningen syftade även ta reda på hur elever uppfattar lärmiljön och om den kan vara ett komplement till lösningsförslag. Lärmiljön skapades med grund i pedagogiska teorier såsom Vygotskijs sociokulturella perspektiv, teorier om coaching, synkron kommunikation samt teorier om en-till-en nätcoaching. Två metoder användes för att samla denna data. För det första sparades alla konversationer automatiskt i en databas. För det andra så användes en enkät för att samla elevernas uppfattning av lärmiljön. Ramverket Undersökande relation användes för att analysera alla konversationerna mellan elev och coach. Studenterna valdes ut från en svensk gymnasieskola där en av författarna jobbar, eleverna var i åldrarna 15-18 år. Resultaten indikerade att denna nya lärmiljö var ett bra komplement till lösningsförslag. Det drogs även slutsatsen att lärmiljön hjälpte elevers kognitiva progression. Undersökningen visar att en digital lärmiljö kan vara ett bra komplement för elever som studerar matematik med lösningsförslag. / The digital and technical development of the world have been large-scale and people’s day-today life has changed immensely the last century. In contrast, the Swedish school system has not been seeing the same rapid technical development. As students’ results in mathematics are declining an approach to battle this trend can be to apply this technological development on students’ studies in mathematics. Therefore, this thesis sought to ease students’ mathematics studies by creating a digital learning environment. By combining workedexamples with online coaching the environment was created through the platforms Mathleaks and TalkMath. Then examine how online one-to-one coaching works in this environment. It also sought to analyse how students perceive this teaching environment and if it can be used as a complement to worked-examples. The environment was created based on pedagogical theories such as Vygotsky's sociocultural perspective, coach theories, synchronous communication as well as theory around one-to-one online coaching. Two methods were used to gather data. First, the conversations were automatically stored in a database. Secondly, a survey was used to gather the students’ opinion of the teaching environment. The framework Relationship of Inquiry was used to analyse all conversations between students and coaches. Students were chosen from an upper secondary school in the ages of 15-18 where one of the authors worked. Results indicated that the teaching environment that was created was a good complement to worked-examples. The environment was shown to help student’s knowledge progression. This shows that digital teaching environments can be a valuable addition for students when studying mathematics.

Software development is an endless problem-solving activity and programmers regularly use online media channels to ask each other for advice. In particular, socially enabled media channels like the question & answer website Stack Overflow changed how programmers communicate and coordinate, and how they produce and consume content on the Web. Nowadays, a vast body of software development knowledge is documented in form of code examples. But acquiring the knowledge by reading code and logically reason about how they work makes non-trivial examples hard to understand. The aim of this work is to develop visual enhancements that support programmers in the knowledge exchange with code examples. Through a design science research approach using interaction design methods visualizations were developed and evaluated that allow programmers to see the execution and simultaneously inspect the state in order to gain a better understanding of how the underlying system of the code example works. Professional programmers participated in a workshop and found the visualizations to be helpful in the comprehension process.

The current study assessed an error reflection intervention on Algebra I students’ conceptual and procedural knowledge and sense of belonging to mathematics. Also of interest was whether perceptions of the functionality of errors mediated the effect of condition on learning and sense of belonging to mathematics. Middle school students (N = 207) were randomly assigned within classroom to one of four conditions: 1) a Problem-Solving Control group, 2) a Correct Examples Control group, 3) a Correct Examples Error Reflection condition that promoted reflection on hypothetical errors through self-explanation prompts, or 4) an Incorrect Examples Error Reflection condition that promoted reflection on displayed errors within the example through self-explanation prompts. Conceptual and procedural knowledge, sense of belonging to mathematics and perceived functionality of errors were measured pre- and post-intervention. After controlling for unanticipated clustering effects, results suggest that reflecting on and explaining errors within a worked examples intervention is just as effective at promoting learning as traditional problem solving alone or working with traditional correct worked examples and written self-explanation prompts. Students’ sense of belonging to mathematics or perceived functionality of errors for learning were high at the start of the study and remained so throughout the intervention. Perceptions of the functionality of errors were unrelated to learning and sense of belonging to mathematics. The limited size of the minority population in the sample did not allow for exploration of differential effects of condition for underrepresented minority (URM) students. However, these students reported lower feelings of belonging to mathematics than non-URM students. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. / Educational Psychology

Der Einsatz von Seilen im Ingenieurbau ermöglicht häufig konkurrenzlos leichte, widerstandsfähige und zugleich wirtschaftliche Tragwerkslösungen. Voraussetzung hierfür ist eine wirklichkeitsnahe statische Bemessung der Seile. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung eines „Open Source“ Computerprogrammes für die Schnittgrößenberechnung ebener Seilsysteme an zwei Aufhängepunkten. Dafür werden zunächst allgemeine und bemessungsrelevante Aspekte zum Bauteil Seil vorgestellt. Anschließend erfolgt die theoretische Herleitung von drei Berechnungsmodellen, welche für unterschiedliche Belastungsarten ausgelegt sind. Jedes dieser Berechnungsmodelle wird anhand eines praxisnahen Anwendungsbeispiels veranschaulicht. Auf Grundlage der theoretischen Herleitungen wird mithilfe der Mathematiksoftware „MATLAB“ ein Berechnungsprogramm für ebene Seiltragwerke entwickelt. Die Plausibilität dieses Programms wird durch Vergleichsrechnungen mit der Statiksoftware „RFEM“ im Rahmen einer Parameterstudie nachgewiesen. Innerhalb der Plausibilitätskontrolle können größtenteils Abweichungen von weniger als 5 % erzielt werden. Einzelne Versuche zeigen größere Abweichungen. Hierfür werden die Ursachen erschlossen und behoben, bzw. Anwendungsgrenzen definiert, um eine sichere Verwendung des Programms zu gewährleisten.:1 Einführung 10 1.1 Seile im Bauwesen 10 1.2 Zielsetzung 11 1.3 Literaturüberblick und aktueller Wissensstand 12 2 Allgemeine Ausführungen zum Seil 13 2.1 Materialien 13 2.2 Herstellung 14 2.3 Eigenschaften von Drahtseilen 16 2.4 Anwendungsgebiete 27 2.5 Typische Einwirkungen 28 3 Theoretische Betrachtung 36 3.1 Berechnungsmodell für ebene Seiltragwerke 36 3.2 Seil unter Eigengewicht 39 3.3 Seil unter beliebiger vertikaler Belastung 54 3.4 Seil unter beliebiger Belastung in Seilebene 62 3.5 Seil unter reiner Zugbelastung 75 3.6 Biegesteifes Seil 75 3.7 Seil mit nichtlinearem Materialverhalten 77 4 Entwicklung eines Programms zur Berechnung ebener Seiltragwerke 79 4.1 Entwicklung des Programms 79 4.2 Plausibilitätskontrolle 86 5 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 97 Anhang A: Auszug aus der Zulassung für eine 7-drähtige Spannstahllitze 101 Anhang B: Auszug aus der Zulassung für vorgefertigte Drahtseile 107 Anhang C: Produktdatenblatt Spiralseil 112 Anhang D: Programmcode „SEIL“ 113 Anhang E: Verzeichnis der verwendeten Variablen in Programm „SEIL“ 130 Anhang F: Berechnungsparameter RFEM 136 Anhang G: Übersicht Versuchsreihe zur Herleitung von Gl. 4.3 138 Literaturverzeichnis 141 Normenverzeichnis 144 Bildquellenverzeichnis 146 / The usage of cables for engineering often provides unparalleled lightweight, durable, and economically viable structural solutions. A prerequisite for that is a realistic static design of these cables. The objective of this thesis is the development of an 'open source' computer program for calculating internal forces in planar cable systems with two support points. To achieve this, general and design-relevant aspects for cables are initially presented. Subsequently, three calculation models, each designed for different types of loading, are theoretically derived. Each of these calculation models is demonstrated by a practical application example. Based on the theoretical derivations, a calculation program for planar cable structures is developed by using the software „MATLAB“. The plausibility of this program is verified by comparative calculations with the statics software „RFEM“ in the context of a parameter study. Within the plausibility check, deviations of mostly less than 5% can be reached. A few tests show larger deviations. The causes for these are identified and emended, or application limits are defined to ensure the safe usage of the program.:1 Einführung 10 1.1 Seile im Bauwesen 10 1.2 Zielsetzung 11 1.3 Literaturüberblick und aktueller Wissensstand 12 2 Allgemeine Ausführungen zum Seil 13 2.1 Materialien 13 2.2 Herstellung 14 2.3 Eigenschaften von Drahtseilen 16 2.4 Anwendungsgebiete 27 2.5 Typische Einwirkungen 28 3 Theoretische Betrachtung 36 3.1 Berechnungsmodell für ebene Seiltragwerke 36 3.2 Seil unter Eigengewicht 39 3.3 Seil unter beliebiger vertikaler Belastung 54 3.4 Seil unter beliebiger Belastung in Seilebene 62 3.5 Seil unter reiner Zugbelastung 75 3.6 Biegesteifes Seil 75 3.7 Seil mit nichtlinearem Materialverhalten 77 4 Entwicklung eines Programms zur Berechnung ebener Seiltragwerke 79 4.1 Entwicklung des Programms 79 4.2 Plausibilitätskontrolle 86 5 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 97 Anhang A: Auszug aus der Zulassung für eine 7-drähtige Spannstahllitze 101 Anhang B: Auszug aus der Zulassung für vorgefertigte Drahtseile 107 Anhang C: Produktdatenblatt Spiralseil 112 Anhang D: Programmcode „SEIL“ 113 Anhang E: Verzeichnis der verwendeten Variablen in Programm „SEIL“ 130 Anhang F: Berechnungsparameter RFEM 136 Anhang G: Übersicht Versuchsreihe zur Herleitung von Gl. 4.3 138 Literaturverzeichnis 141 Normenverzeichnis 144 Bildquellenverzeichnis 146

Every corporation using IT technologies needs a good and carefully secured network design. The IT security is a key factor of a normal functional of the whole corporation and all its sections. There different methods and concepts for providing different level of IT security. Some of them are very important and should be implemented in every corporate network. There are a lot of services providing inside and outside the corporation network. Increasing the number of services like web services, mail services, file services and other, the number of eventual security issues is rising. The security methods of each of provided services are different and it is required a professional with deep knowledge about this service functionality if it is needed to be good applied. Operation system and application hardering are methods which are not so hard for applying, like configuring proxy server or firewalls, but they could increase the security drastic. In a combination with simple configured security devices, the results could be very impressive. Choosing the right methodology and framework of designing a secured network is important part of entire process. With the right methodology designing could be easier and more effective.

In the past five years the energy- and climate advisors representing the municipality of Västerås Sweden have conducted an energy-saving campaign concerning households, which will be completed during fall 2015. The aim of the campaign was to raise awareness of the free energy-guidance provided to inhabitants of Västerås and the necessary actions of households’ energy saving, to reach goal attainment of local and national environmental goals concerning climate change. In preparation of new innovative and effective ways to reach out to the public in the future, this study aims to identify future options by examining good examples through a case study of four different Swedish municipalities strategies and experiences with campaigns and information incentives. First scientific literature was reviewed to build a foundation of findings that the interviews could rest on. Thereafter preliminary investigation and one interview per municipality were conducted to get a deeper understanding of the information activities and approaches towards energy friendly behavior. The result show most monitoring and evaluation were based on statistics of people reached and the experience of the advisors or the inhabitants through surveys. All energy- and climate advisors agree upon the fact that the economical incentives to motivate energy conservation is dominating opposed to environmental incentives. The groups that are the hardest to reach are for instance individuals with low interest, not susceptible or those who do not speak the language. The good examples identified are represented by e.g. projects targeting the majority of households by monthly challenges, motivating climate friendly behavior and sustainable development in Örebro. Information incentives performed in Eskilstuna through meetings with an Arabic speaking energy advisor. As well as the 600m2 energy exhibition in Jönköping localized in connection to a shopping center.