Zero-exchange system doesn¡¦t discharge the nutrient-rich pool water to the environment, so it doesn¡¦t cause the pollution. Besides, nutrients in the water can be re-used and the amount of water used can be reduced. In shrimp pond, ammonia and nitrite will accumulate during the period of cultivation because of feeding large amount of protein-rich feed. In traditional culture system, a great deal of water was used to solve the problem. In zero-exchange system, nitro-bacteria were used to convert ammonia and nitrite into nitrate, the need of water exchange was much-reduced. In this study, shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) were cultured in FRP tanks, and organic particles were suspended by strong aeration. There are four experiments (1) substrate: net-liners, net-pockets, mats, coral granules and blank control. (2) density: 100, 200, 300 and 400 /m2. (3) feeds: White shrimp feed (contain 39% protein), tiger shrimp feed (contain 39% protein) and Kuruma prawn feed (contain protein 54%). (4) zero-exchange water and change water (35% ponds of water / week). Net-pockets have the highest yield and final weigh and lowest FCR, and the net-liners isolate highest amount of the suspending particle. Shrimp final weight reduces as the stocking density increases, white shrimp grows slower when density excess 200 /m2. Feed contains higher protein can improve the efficiency of feed used by shrimp, but the cost of the feed become higher. Use the tiger shrimp feed (containing 39% protein) only can also reach high yield. Except orthophosphate, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate are not different from the exchange system. When compared with those of the zero-exchange system survival, final weigh and FCR are not different between two the treatments, but yield is higher in zero-exchange system. In conclusion, shrimp cultured in zero-exchange system with density of 200 /m2, substrate of net-pockets and feeds the contain 39% protein can reveal optimum yield.

Assessment of Civil Servants¡¦ Satisfaction with Electronic Official Document Exchange System: The Case of Kaohsiung City Government Abstract This study aims to understand the assessment from Kaohsiung city government civil servants to the performance of Electronic Official Document Exchange System, probing key factors which affect the executing of electronic official document. It will serves as further validation of the impact from executing of Electronic Official Document Exchange System on Administrative Efficiency. This study used the methods of quantitative for survey, and qualitative research for comprehension. 254 organizations and schools of Kaohsiung City Government were the research targets, namely comparing the variables of E-policy, information system software and hardware and E-efficiency. 254 questionnaires were sent out and all were returned, although 230 questionnaires were valid and 24 were invalid. The response rate was 90.55%. Valid responses were collated and analyzed using statistical evaluating software systems of SPSS and AMOS, testing the relationships between different variables. Several findings can be reported as follows: 1¡BThe results of assessing the key factors, such as E-policy, Information system software and hardware and E-efficiency, which affect the performance of the Electronic Official Document Exchange System, are beyond the medium level. The assessment was conducted by questionnaires completed by Kaohsiung city government civil servants. Kaohsiung city government civil servants are satisfied with the performance of the Electronic Official Document Exchange System. 2¡BThe key factors affecting the executing of electronic official document system are as follows: (1)E-policy aspect There are two factors including decision-makers focusing much attention on and completing work plans. (2)Information system software and hardware aspect There are four factors including the operating stability, accuracy, security and ease of use of information system facilities. (3)E-efficiency aspect Only the Administrative Efficiency aspect. 3¡BThe impact on Administrative Efficiency coming from executing the electronic document system is as follows¡G (1)Due to the different characteristics of organizations and schools of Kaohsiung City Government, it brings about significant discrepancies between variables of E-policy, information software systems and E-efficiency for checking the executing efficiency of pushing forward the executing of electronic official documents. (2)There is positive impact between E-policy and Information system software and hardware. (3)There is positive impact between E-policy and E-efficiency. (4)There is positive impact between Information system software and hardware and E-efficiency. Keywords: Electronic Official Document Exchange System¡BE-policy¡BE-efficiency Information system software and hardware¡BAdministrative Efficiency¡BOrganization Characteristics

Ground-coupled ventilation (GCV) is a system that exchanges heat with the soil. Because ground temperatures are relatively higher during the cold season and lower during the hot season, the system takes advantage of this natural phenomenon. This research focused on designing a ground-coupled ventilation system evaluation tool of many factors that affect system performance. The tool predicts the performance of GCV system design based on the GCV system design parameters including the location of the system, pipe length, pipe depth, pipe diameter, soil type, number of pipes, volume flow rate, and bypass system. The tool uses regression equations created from many GCV system design simulation data using Autodesk Computational Fluid Dynamics software. As a result, this tool helps users choose the most suitable GCV system design by comparing multiple GCV systems' design performances and allows them to save time, money, and effort. / Doctor of Philosophy / Ground-coupled ventilation (GCV) is a system that exchanges heat with the soil. Because ground temperatures are relatively higher during the cold season and lower during the hot season, the system takes advantage of this natural phenomenon. This research focused on designing a ground-coupled ventilation system evaluation tool of many factors that affect system performance. The tool predicts the performance of GCV system design based on the GCV system design parameters including the location of the system, pipe length, pipe depth, pipe diameter, soil type, number of pipes, volume flow rate, and bypass system. The tool uses equations created from many GCV system designs’ simulation data using simulation software. As a result, this tool helps users choose the most suitable GCV system design by comparing multiple GCV system designs’ performance and allows them to save time, money, and effort.

With this diploma project is my objective to evolve an idea of a skateboard platform includes all the components used for drive and design new system of changing several types of car bodies by using this platform and all with comprihension of social, economical and ecological requirements in the near future. By this concept am I trying to underline evolving potencional of skateboard platform system. Given target was to design a multipurpose family vehicle with alternate drive and sport characteristic, cute timeless design, maximal usage of inner space, using new technologies and materials and including of designing whole system of exchange car bodies depending on actual customer needs. Sense of designing is not to assume any of car brands, but design my own way of shaping. This diploma project is not proposed to current infrastructure because of an ecological drive and materials, but follows actual technical and design trends and shows presumed and requested evolution. Ephassis of this diploma project is forced mainly on functionality of all car body exchange system and for integration characteristic of MPV category in exterior and interior with sport timeless design at all.

本論文由都市政權理論觀點切入，並連結台灣政治經濟環境及結構變遷過程，探討都市更新權利變換制度建置之政治經濟背景、實際執行狀況及面臨的課題。由於推動更新的最大的困難仍在於取得更新地區內土地及合法建築物所有權人之同意，因此都市更新條例規定強制參與更新之權利變換制度，以多數決的同意門檻並透過鑑價方式查估更新地區內各權利人之權利價值後，循法定程序據以執行更新。經研究發現權利變換制度的設計係賦予實施者具有關鍵的決定權，以作為協調的中介機制，進而調合各方利益及衝突。結論並指出由於權利變換制度係將價值分配予以檯面化，因此各權利人間對於價值的認知差異及利益的分配產生之爭議，仍造成該制度在法令及實際執行上的困難。因此，尚需仰賴政府適時挹注公有土地資源，以促使更新順利推動。嗣後並據以提出對於都市更新權利變換制度的後續執行方向之建議。 / In this research, I approach the subject from an urban regime perspective and connect it with the transition process in the political and economic environment and structure.Then, I examine the political and economic background, the actual implementation and the issues faced in the establishment of a property rights exchange system during urban renewal. The most difficult part in promoting redevelopment is to obtain the agreement from the owners of the land and of legally built structures on the areas slated for redevelopment, thus the regulations for urban renewal provide for forced participation in the property rights exchange system, with the threshold for agreement fixed at a majority rule and the value of the rights for each right-holder in the redeveloped area determined by appraisal; legal procedures are then used to implement the redevelopment. This study reveals that the property rights exchange system as it is designed endows those implementing it with crucial decision powers as an intermediary system for mediation and then for harmonizing the interests of each side and preventing conflicts. The conclusion shows that the open nature of the value distribution in the property rights exchange system leads to controversies due to the perceived differences and benefits in the apportioned value to each right-holder, creating legal and practical difficulties in the implementation of this system. Thus it is dependent on the government allotting enough funding at the necessary time for public land resources so that the renewal project can process smoothly. Finally, I offer some suggestions on the direction for the follow-up to the implementation of a property rights exchange system during urban renewal.

The dokument was created with ZDT company cooperation and consists of two main parts. The first and also main part is handling construction and strength check issues of two-axis traktor trailer chassis Grand super. The second part contains design and strength check of rear protective device against small vehicle under passing. Strength check is performed in I-DEAS enviroment. The fixings are chassis frame assembly drawing, chassis frame welding assembly drawing and drawbar assembly drawing.

Les origines de la zone Franc remontent à l’époque coloniale. Imposée à sa création par la France, cette zone monétaire, au contraire des autres zones historiquement comparables comme la zone sterling, survivra à la période de décolonisation. Dans son évolution, la zone Franc va même, par la suite, se muer en une zone monétaire acceptée par les pays africains membres devenus entretemps indépendants. Sa configuration géographique connaîtra aussi des changements dus aux retraits et aux adhésions qu’elle a suscités au fil du temps. Aujourd’hui, deux caractéristiques majeures au moins semblent marquer la zone Franc : tout d’abord sa longévité ensuite une fixité absolue du taux de change (depuis plus d’un demi siècle, les francs CFA ont été dévalués une seule fois !).L’objectif de la présente thèse est d’examiner si cette pérennité relative que connaît la zone Franc actuelle s’explique par l’une au moins des théories connues des zones monétaires optimales. Dans l’ensemble, il ressort au terme de ce travail qu’au-delà des effets controversés liés aux mécanismes de fonctionnement de la zone Franc, que celle-ci n’est pas une zone monétaire optimale au vu des critères appliqués. Cependant, elle peut sinon le devenir, du moins s’en rapprocher si les économies africaines membres s’engagent dans la voie des réformes structurelles et monétaires qui s’imposent dans une perspective de développement endogène. / The origin of the Franc zone goes back to the colonial period. Imposed by FRANCE at its creation, this monetary area has survived into its post colonial period unlike say, the sterling zone. In its evolution, the Franc zone has even become an accepted monetary zone to its African members who in the meantime had become independent. Its geographical configuration has also undergone changes resulting from withdrawals and applications for membership into it as time went on. Today, two major characteristics have apparently marked the Franc zone : at first, its durability followed by the absolute fixidity of its exchange rates (CFA franc was devalued only once for over half a century !). The objective of the present theses is to examine whether this relative perennity can be explained by at least one of the theories known in optimal monetary areas. Taken as a whole, it would appear at the end of this work that beyond the controversial effects related to the working mechanisms of the Franc area in view of the criteria applied. That is not to say it can not become one because the probability exists that it can approach it if the economies of African member countries undergo structural and monetary reforms which are a must within the perspective of an endogenous development.

Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Internet has long stimulated thought and discussion around the idea of an alternative economy based on reciprocal exchange. To date, however, the benefits of this gift economy have been largely limited to the realms of cyberspace. Despite the dramatic changes in social interaction and exchanges facilitated by online networking, and the evolution of what may be referred to as a ‘high-tech gift economy’, the potential of the Internet to really revolutionize economic systems has been limited, as the gifting involved did not extend beyond the realms of cyberspace. By contrast to this global, virtual, gift economy that has developed online, this thesis explores the way in which Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), traditionally renowned for enhancing global reach, can be used to build and strengthen local exchange systems using community currencies. The research focuses specifically on the emergence of an alternative online currency, the Community Exchange System (CES), which originated in Cape Town towards the end of 2002, and has since spread to be used by 218 exchanges in 29 countries. Particular attention is paid to the pilot exchange that was launched in Cape Town, namely the Cape Town Talent Exchange (CTTE). The thesis proposes that web-based community currencies can provide an alternative to the current economic system, allowing for a relationship-centred approach to exchange that can be likened to a type of gift economy, centred on the principle of reciprocity, and fostering a spirit of abundance over scarcity. By doing so it is proposed that what Karl Polanyi (1944) referred to as the ‘great transformation’ of the 20th century, characterised by a shift in emphasis from human relationships to market price mechanisms, may be reversed in the ‘network society’ (Castells, 1996), in which principles of reciprocity and gift exchange are re-embedded in ‘relationship economics’ (Deragon, 2007). Part A provides a review of literature pertaining to online anthropology and the concept of a reciprocal gift ‘e-conomy’, the social dimension of economics, and the theory of ‘money’ and alternative currencies. Part B provides an overview of research findings pertaining to the CES as example of an alternative community currency operating a web-based platform, beginning with an introductory overview of the CES and CTTE, followed by a look at issues pertaining to reciprocity, and speculation on possible futures for this and similar web-based community currency systems. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Internet prikkel al lank idees en gesprekke oor ‘n alternatiewe ekonomie gebaseer op, ‘geskenk-handel’. Tot dusver is die voordele van hierdie ’geskenk-ekonomie’ egter beperk tot die dimensies van die kuber-ruimte. Ondanks dramatiese veranderinge in sosiale verkeer, uitruil en handel wat deur die aanlyn-netwerke bewerkstellig is, en die evolusie van wat as ‘high-tech geskenk ekonomie‘ beskryf kan word, was die potensiaal van die Internet om werklik ekonomiese sisteme om te keer, beperk. In teenstelling met die globale, virtuele geskenk/uitruil-ekonomie wat aanlyn ontwikkel het, ondersoek hierdie tesis die manier waarop Informasie en Kommunikasie Tegnologieë, tradisioneel bekend vir hul globale reikwydte, gebruik kan word om plaaslike uitruilsisteme te bou en te versterk. Die navorsing lê klem op die ontstaan van ‘n alternatiewe aanlyn-geldeenheidsisteem, die Gemeenskaps Uitruil Sisteem (‘Community Exchange System’ CES), wat aan die einde van 2002 in Kaapstad ontstaan het. Dit het sedertdien uitgebrei na 218 uitruilskemas in 29 lande. Spesiale aandag val op die loods uitruilskema wat in Kaapstad begin is, te wete die Cape Town Talent Exchange (CTTE) (Kaapstadse Talent Uitruilskema) Die verhandeling voer aan dat ‘n web-gebaseerde gemeenskapmark ‘n alternatiewe ekonomiese sisteem kan teweegbring. Dit kan lei tot ‘n benadering tot uitruil wat verhoudings-gesentreerd is, vergelykbaar met ‘n soort geskenk-ekonomie wat toegespits is op die beginsel van wederkerigheid. So kan ‘n oorvloed-bewustheid, pleks van skaarsheidsbewustheid bevorder word. Dit word aangevoer dat dit waarna Karl Polanyi (1944) as die ‘Groot Transformasie’ van die 20ste eeu verwys het, gekarakteriseer deur ‘n klemverskuiwing van menslike verhoudings na markgedrewe meganismes, kan terug verander na ‘n ‘netwerk-gemeenskap’ (Castells, 1996). Hierin is die beginsels van wederkerigheid en geskenk-uitruil ingebed in 'n tipe ‘verhoudings-ekonomie’ (Deragon, 2007). Deel A gee ‘n oorsig van die literatuur oor aanlynantropologie en die konsep van ‘n wederkerige geskenk ‘e-ekonomie’, die sosiale dimensie van ekonomie, en die teorie van ‘geld’ en alternatiewe betaalmiddele. Deel B gee ‘n oorsig van navorsingbevindings ten opsigte van die CES en CTTE as voorbeeld van ‘n alternatiewe gemeenskapsbetaalmetode wat van ‘n webgebaseerde platform gebruik maak. Dit word, gevolg deur opmerkings oor wederkerigheid (en) spekulasie oor die moontlike toekoms daarvan en van soortgelyke Internet-gebaseerde gemeenskapsbetaalsisteme.

The diploma thesis deals with the finding and evaluation of the usefulness and influence of tax authority tools in the Czech Republic and in selected countries of the European Union according to similar indicators. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the effectiveness and utility of the tools used. The number of information in the international exchange of information is compared and the number of tax subjects in the gray economy and their involvement in tax evasion is evaluated. The theoretical part defines core elements of the diploma thesis which are the value added tax, the VAT GAP and the division of tax authority instruments. Concurrently, it describes related mechanisms which shall ensure the elimination of tax evasion. The practical part analyzes selected instruments and their values that the tax authority has at its disposal to combat tax evasion. From the output data, the VAT GAP is estimated using a calculation using the gross domestic product adjustment method. All results found within the Czech Republic will be compared with available comparable data in the EU countries. To conclude, the results are valorized, and instruments are evaluated internationally. It is estimated the amount of the VAT GAP and the possible prediction of future developments.

Le changement climatique est devenu aujourd’hui le fléau environnemental qui préoccupe etmobilise le plus la communauté internationale. L’aboutissement de cette mobilisation générale reste sansdoute la mise en place du régime international de lutte contre le changement climatique dont la Conventioncadredes Nations Unies sur le changement climatique et le Protocole de Kyoto constituent les basesjuridiques. Ce régime innove en ce qu’il fixe des engagements quantifiés de réduction des émissions de gaz àeffet de serre pour les États pollueurs, mais aussi en ce qu’il instaure des mécanismes dits de « flexibilité »dont la mise en oeuvre est assortie d’un contrôle original basé sur un Comité dit de « l’observance ». Mais, endépit de toute cette production normative, il est regrettable de constater aujourd’hui que le régimeinternational du climat est un véritable échec. En effet, si la mobilisation des États ne fait aucun doute, enrevanche, les mêmes États qui ont volontairement accepté de s’engager refusent délibérément d’honorer leursengagements pour des raisons essentiellement politiques, économiques et stratégiques. Ce travail ambitionnedonc de lever le voile sur les causes de cet échec en dressant un bilan mitigé de la première périoded’engagement de Kyoto qui a pris fin en 2012, et propose des perspectives pour un régime juridique duclimat post-Kyoto efficient et efficace, en mesure d’être à la hauteur des enjeux. / Climate change has become the scourge environmental concern and mobilizes more theinternational community. The outcome of this mobilization remains probably the implementation ofinternational climate change regime for which the Climate Convention and the Kyoto Protocol are the legalbases. This system is innovative in that it sets quantified emission reduction commitments for greenhouse gasemissions (GHG) for polluters States, but also in that it establishes mechanisms known as of “flexibility”whose implementation is accompanied by a control based on a Committee known as of “compliance”. Butdespite all this normative production, it is regrettable that today the international climate regime is a realfailure. Indeed, if the mobilization of states is no doubt, however, the same states that have voluntarily agreedto engage deliberately refuse to honour their commitments for essentially political, economic and strategicreasons. This work therefore aims to shed light on the causes of this failure by developing a mixed record ofthe first Kyoto commitment ended period in 2012, and offers prospects for a legal regime of the post-Kyotoclimate and efficient, able to be up to the challenges.