The manuscript Berlin, SBB-PK, mgf 863 was written in about 1430 to 1435 and contains more than 600 short narrative texts in German prose (with some Latin insertions). Among them is the collection of the ›Alemannische Vitaspatrum‹ as well as an additional, extensive and multifarious exempla corpus, which mostly contains translations from well-known Latin collections such as – for example and most prominently – Caesarius' of Heisterbach ›Dialogus miraculorum‹. Because of the specific composition of the corpus and its large extent, mgf 863 builds an excellent basis for the investigation of exempla, a text type which has not received much attention in German studies. The manuscript was probably produced in Strasbourg where it belonged to the library of the nuns from the convent of St Mary Magdalen. It contains a large quantity of textual material with close links to Strasbourg in terms of content or history of transmission. My primary interest is in the texts in the manuscript, in their contents and interdependencies, as well as in their history and their contextualization in, for example, groups of manuscripts, exempla tradition and religious practice. The project aims at a contribution to exempla research as well as to literary and religious life in Strasbourg in the late Middle Ages. My approach comes primarily from literary studies, but also uses palaeographical, textualcritical, and historical methods. The thesis combines case studies of the transmission of individual exempla or groups of exempla with general research into the history of texts (›Textgeschichte‹) and the history of transmission (›Überlieferungsgeschichte‹) of German prose exempla. A repertory in the appendix provides an overview of the manuscript's content. It helps to orientate within the study; furthermore, with over 600 entries, it provides a tool for the identification of German exempla.

The task of this diploma thesis is to confront the writing La prigione eterna dell'Inferno that was written by Giovanni Battista Manni with its Czech translation that was made by Václav Matěj Šteyer. This piece of writing, La prigione, was published in 1666 and the Šteyer's work in 1676. The writer Šteyer translated the text directly from the Italian one according to the fourth publication of Manni's master copy from the year 1669 because Manni changed there some passages in last two chapters and these changes are seen in the Czech version too. Neither Manni's writing was not original. He was inspired by a tract that was written by the Spanish Jesuit, Juan Eusebio Nieremberg. I observed the way how Šteyer proceeded in the translation of Manni's master copy, especially in the field of lexicon, syntax and stylistics. I also concerned how the rhetoric of Jesuit schools is presented by both authors.

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Le groupe chevaleresque des Neuf Preux, apparu dans le roman des Vœux du Paon de Jacques de Longuyon vers 1312, est rapidement mis en images à travers de nombreuses techniques artistiques, et connaît un succès grandissant au cours des XIVe et XVe siècles, dans le Saint Empire romain germanique, le royaume de France, atteignant également la Catalogne et l'Italie. Simultanément, cette dernière redécouvre son glorieux passé grâce au genre biographique des Vies repris et renouvelé par Pétrarque ; la Rome antique se révèle pourvoyeuse de valeurs morales et politiques, et davantage encore d'exempla, Hommes illustres ou Uomini famosi, qui deviennent très tôt le sujet de galeries peintes sur les murs des palais publics et privés. Quatre commanditaires, en Tyrol, Piémont et Ombrie, appartenant de jure ou de facto à la noblesse, choisissent pourtant les neuf héros transalpins pour décorer différents espaces de leur demeure. Les deux traditions, prônant chacune ses modèles, cohabitent donc dans la péninsule pendant quelques décennies. La thèse a pour objectif d’analyser la fortune et l’adaptation de la série héroïque des Preux dans ces programmes picturaux, à la période charnière entre le gothique tardif et la Première Renaissance. En s'attachant aux supports littéraires et iconographiques, nous analysons les modalités qui caractérisent la diffusion et le traitement du groupe canonique des Neuf Preux, alors que la tradition classique, propre à l'Italie et à une première forme de patriotisme naissant, domine. Le topos des Preux, expression de la résistance de la culture chevaleresque présente en Italie jusqu'à la fin du XVe siècle, se révèle un thème flexible qui peut être adapté au premier humanisme. Assistons-nous alors, à travers l'interprétation du panthéon transalpin, à la création d'une nouvelle iconographie ? L'étude conduit à apporter des réponses et à proposer des lectures spécifiques aux quatre lieux d'accueil étudiés. / The chivalrous group The Nine Worthies, which appears in the novel Vœux du Paon written by Jacques de Longuyon circa 1312, was quickly transposed into pictorial form by means of many artistic techniques and became a popular theme throughout the 14th and 15th centuries in the Holy Empire, the French kingdom, and reaching even Catalonia and Italy. At the same time, Italy was rediscovering its own glorious past by way of the biographical literary genre Lives, which Petrarch had appropriated and modernized; therein moral and political values were drawn from the history of Ancient Rome and exempla of Uomini famosi, i.e. Famous Men, the latter becoming the subject of murals painted on the walls of private and public residences. However four patrons, in Tyrol, Piedmont and Umbria, belonging de jure or de facto to the nobility, chose the nine transalpine heroes to decorate different spaces in their homes. Both traditions –the chivalrous and the classic, each one praising its respective models– co-existed in Italy for some decades. This thesis analyzes the fortune and the adaptation of the Worthies' heroic series as depicted in wall paintings dating from a pivotal period of transition between the Late Gothic and the Early Renaissance. Utilizing both literary and iconographic evidence we analyze the details that characterize the diffusion and treatment of the canonical group of the Nine Worthies in Italy, where the classical tradition dominated and was employed to embody the first form of patriotism that was taking shape there. The Worthies' topos, an expression of the resistance of the chivalrous culture which was present in Italy until the end of the 15th century, was a flexible theme that could be adapted to early humanism. The pertinent question becomes, are we observing, through the transalpine pantheon, the creation of a new iconography? This study provides answers while proposing specific readings of the four host places examined and interpreting these monumental cycles.

Don Juan Manuel’s laudatory portrayal of Saladin, the Muslim Sultan of Babylon, in Exempla 25 and 50 of El Conde Lucanor presents an interesting paradox, particularly when considering that the fourteenth-century text was intended as moral instruction for a Christian audience. This report addresses this paradox by determining Saladin’s placement within Juan Manuel’s moral and spiritual philosophy through textual and comparative character analyses. The first section applies Victor Turner’s social drama theory in a textual analysis of Exempla 25 and 50 to establish Juan Manuel’s representation of Saladin as a triumphant figure, capable of meeting and overcoming challenges to his honor and virtue. The second section applies M. M. Bakhtin’s concept of dialogism to engage in a closer examination of Saladin’s “voice” in relation to other characters of Juan Manuel’s exempla for the purpose of revealing the ambiguities and finer intricacies of Saladin’s character. These analyses serve to raise and address paradoxical questions relating to Juan Manuel’s presentation of Saladin as both a Muslim adversary and friend of Christendom. / text

This thesis investigates the construction of role models, more specifically literary didactics and constructions of subject positions, in literary works with exemplary stories in Swedish 1400–1750, from the perspective of literature for children and young adults. Childhood concepts, didactic concepts and subject positions presented to the reader are analyzed from the point of view of dominance and dissonance between different characters and messages. A number of themes have been chosen for a comparative study, for example: ideas about identification, the construction of subject positions and ideals for girls, the responsibility of adults, subversive tendencies, obedience or autonomy, the immoral role model as exemplary, conflicts between different childhood concepts, adults and children as role models. A central conclusion is that there is variation when it comes to the subject positions that are constructed for children and young adults, mainly through role models. There are examples of authoritative teachings that demands the subordination and obedience of the reader/recipient, as well as encouragement of questioning and even contra conventional subject positions. One conclusion is that premodern literature for the young does not just have an authoritative tone towards the reader, but the texts also negotiates with the reader. The messages are not just about obedience and religious fidelity, but also about learning, questioning and personal, moral responsibility. A critical perspective on adults is encouraged through critizism of adults and exemplary role models. Subject positions for girls also vary in the texts. Some texts convey conventional, passive gender roles while others present active subject positions, where chastity, wisdom and manliness are presented as ideal virtues for girls.

Vers la fin du VIIe siècle, dans le monde anglo-saxon, Aldhelm de Malmesbury publia son opus geminatum, la Prosa et le Carmen de uirginitate. Il dédia son oeuvre à des moniales du monastère double de Barking, dont l’abbesse Hildelith. Le De uirginitate est un traité sur la virginité qui comporte une partie théorique, mais aussi des catalogues de figures virginales tirées de la Bible, mais surtout de textes hagiographiques. L’historiographie eut tendance à sous-estimer le rôle de ces catalogues au sein du traité, n’en faisant qu’un simple florilegium assemblé sans logique. Notre travail consistera à répondre à cette idée afin d’affirmer le rôle essentiel de ces figures virginales à titre d’exempla. Ainsi, nous pensons que ces personnages sont des figures exemplaires dont la fonction est de refléter la partie théorique du De uirginitate. Le traité d’Aldhelm nous paraitra dès lors posséder une double fonction, soit celle de défendre les monastères doubles et l’autorité des moniales dans un contexte de plus en plus hostile à ces aspects, mais aussi afin de servir de guide à la renonciation sexuelle. / Near the end of the 7th century, in the anglo-saxon world, Aldhelm of Malmesbury published his opus geminatum, the Prosa and Carmen de uirginitate. He dedicated his work to the nuns of the double monastery of Barking, particularly the abbess Hildelith. The De uirginitate is a treaty on virginity, which includes a theoretical part and catalogs of virginal figures found in hagiographical as well as in Biblical sources. Historiography has tended to underestimate the role of these catalogs within the treaty, portraying them as a mere florilegium without logic. This dissertation will propose that the virginal figures mentioned in the catalogs served as exempla. More specifically, we propose that these characters are exemplary figures whose function is to mirror the theoretical part of the De uirginitate. Ald-helm’s treaty will then appear to possess a double function, which is to defend the double monas-teries and the nuns’ authority in an increasingly hostile environment as well as to serve as a guide to sexual renunciation.

Les contes populaires véhiculent des croyances et représentations des sociétés traditionnelles, parmi lesquelles l'idée qu'il existe, en même temps que le monde des hommes, un autre monde, les deux étant étroitement imbriqués et perméables l'un à l'autre.<br />Ce thème constitue la base des principales conceptions de l'univers des peuples indo-européens et exprime le sentiment des hommes d'être entourés de puissances inexplicables. Il sera analysé dans les Contes de l'enfance et du foyer des frères Grimm (1812-1815 pour la 1ère édition), et les Contes populaires russes d'A. N. Afanassiev (1855-63). Les deux recueils, qui seront étudiés dans leur langue d'origine, partagent un même objectif : le collectage des productions de la poésie populaire, Afanassiev ayant lui-même placé son travail dans la lignée de celui des Grimm. D'autres textes viendront enrichir l'analyse, notamment les romans et visions du moyen-âge européen. <br />La méthode adoptée est comparatiste et relève de l'anthropologie culturelle, dans la mesure où le corpus choisi permet une mise en regard de deux aspects de la pensée et de la culture européennes du XIXème siècle : le thème de l'autre monde jouera le rôle de révélateur des mentalités populaires. <br />Le classement des occurrences de l'autre monde en fonction de ses localisations débouchera sur une typologie visant à dégager les grandes tendances de chaque aire culturelle ainsi que les variantes écotypiques dans la représentation de l'autre monde, non seulement sur le plan des motifs, mais aussi sur celui des techniques narratives et de l'organisation du récit. L'étude traitera donc également la question des genres auxquels se rattachent les différents textes.

Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 12 février 2024) / Le corps est un thème fondamental de l'anthropologie médiévale et occupe une place privilégiée dans les réflexions théologiques du Moyen Âge. Le corps est mis sous la loupe, scruté dans ses formes, ses expressions et ses gestes. L'objectif de cette recherche est d'analyser les mises en scène du corps dans les *exempla* médiévaux, autant en ce qui concerne le corps humain que le corps diabolique, ainsi que leurs interactions. Ainsi, l'analyse sérielle d'un corpus de 134 *exempla* provenant de trois recueils d'auteurs différents (Pierre le Vénérable, Étienne de Bourbon, *Ci nous dit*), combinée à l'approche anthropologique du sujet, permet de mettre en lumière la place centrale du corps dans les récits exemplaires entre le XIIe et XIVe siècle.