In this study, the Babylonian Exile of the Jews is approached from the perspective of a sociological analysis of more recent historical cases of mass deportation and refugee behaviour. After this survey, four behaviour patterns are isolated that function as 'Mechanisms for Survival' for minorities in crisis and under domination in a foreign environment. These 'Mechanisms' include 1) Structural adaptation, 2) The rise of, and conflict between, new leaders. 35 new Folklore patterns, especially 'Hero' stories, and 4) adoption or elaboration of ritual as a means of boundary maintenance and identity preservation. These four mechanisms are then illustrated from Exilic texts of the Old Testament. The rise of Elders and the changing nature of the Bet Abot is seen as structural adaptation. The conflict of Jeremiah and Hananiah, and the advice of Jeremiah in his 'letter', is seen as the conflict of new leaders in crisis. The 'Diaspora Novella' is compared to Messianic expectation and especially to Suffering Servant to show how folklore can reflect social conditions and serve a function as 'hero stories'. Finally, the latest redactional layers of 'P' reveal concern for purity and separation that expressed itself in social isolationism and boundary maintenance, particularly in the dissolution of marriages with foreign wives. There is also a section on social conflict after the restoration, as a measure of the independent development of exilic social ideology and theology. The conclusion is that sociological analysis of the Exilic material reveals the exilic-post-exilic community exhibiting features of a minority group under stress, and the creative means by which that group responds by Mechanisms for Survival.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Zürich, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-239).

Univ., Diss.-2002--Münster (Westfalen), 2001.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 25, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 296-311).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Zürich, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-239).

Recherchant les traces de la présence des exilés et réfugiés de la guerre d’Espagne dans la région Limousin, ce travail questionne les rapports entre les mémoires et les lieux, les vestiges et les représentations du passé dans le présent. Dans un premier temps, le contexte historique de la guerre d’Espagne à la Seconde Guerre mondiale sur le sol limousin est retracé, mettant en relief le rôle méconnu des exilés. Cet éclairage historique est complété par un cadrage théorique inscrit dans la pluridisciplinarité et une présentation méthodologique de l’étude qui repose sur un corpus principal de 27 témoignages recueillis et de l’observation participante au sein de l’association Ateneo Republicano du Limousin. Dans un deuxième temps, les mémoires de l’exil sont analysées à travers trois espace-temps : l’accueil de 1939, la Résistance et les massacres de la division SS Das Reich en 1944 à Tulle et Oradour-sur-Glane. Afin de comprendre le legs des Espagnols réfugiés politiques sur le territoire et dans les familles, la dernière partie de ce travail est orientée sur les identités de l’exil. L’imaginaire géographique, la culture politique et l’affect constituent les trois dimensions à travers lesquelles sont analysés les récits individuels et collectifs des descendants de l’exil. Les différentes observations faites tout au long de la thèse servent à alimenter une carte imaginaire, dynamique et infinie des mémoires, des imaginaires et des appartenances des enfants et petits-enfants d’exilés vis-à-vis de ce passé dans le présent de l’enquête. / This work searches for the traces of the presence of exiles and refugees from the Spanish Civil War in the Limousin Region so as to question the relationship between memories and places, the remains and representations of the past in the present. First, the historical context, from the Spanish Civil War to the Second World War in Limousin, is considered, highlighting the unknown role of the Spanish exiles. This historical perspective is complemented by a theoretical framework in line with a multidisciplinary and methodological presentation of the study based on a corpus that includes 27 testimonies as well as on the participant observation within the “Association of the Ateneo Republicano of Limousin”. Secondly, the memories of the Spanish exile are analysed through three historical space-times: their reception in 1939, the Resistance and the 1944 massacres of the SS Das Reich division in Tulle and Oradour-sur-Glane. So as to understand the impact of the Spanish political refugees on the territory and the families, the last part of this work is focused on the identities of the exile. The geographical imaginary, the political culture and the affect are the three dimensions through which the individual and collective stories of the exiles’ offspring are analysed.The various observations made throughout the thesis are used to fuel an imaginary, dynamic and infinite map of the memories, imaginaries and affiliations regarding the past in the present of the investigation.

A pesquisa analisa a aparição dos temas do exílio, dos exilados e dos banidos nos debates sobre a anistia, ocorridos entre outubro de 1978 e agosto de 1979, no jornal Folha de São Paulo. O processo de abertura política no final da ditadura civil-militar, expresso nas modificações na legislação, como por exemplo, na aprovação da nova Lei de Segurança Nacional, abriu novas perspectivas para os exilados retornarem ao Brasil, coincidindo com um momento em que o jornal estava reavaliando a sua postura editorial frente ao fortalecimento da sociedade civil. A Folha fez a cobertura das atividades realizadas no exílio debatendo a anistia, mas concedeu um espaço maior aos exilados mais conhecidos, como Leonel Brizola, Luís Carlos Prestes e Miguel Arraes. Os artigos e notícias registraram a movimentação dos exilados para reivindicar o acesso a documentos básicos, como o passaporte, e a insegurança, no retorno ao Brasil – ainda antes da anistia – quanto à reabertura de processos na justiça militar. Em termos gerais, a cobertura da Folha sobre os temas do exílio e da anistia, no contexto do final da ditadura civil-militar, reforçou a associação dessa medida com a pacificação e a reconciliação nacional. / The research analyzes the appearance of the themes of exile, exiles and banished in the debates on amnesty, which occurred between October 1978 and August 1979, in the newspaper Folha de São Paulo. The process of political opening at the end of the civil-military dictatorship, expressed in changes in legislation, such as the adoption of the new National Security Law, opened up new prospects for exiles to return to Brazil, coinciding with a time when the newspaper was re-evaluating its editorial position regarding the strengthening of civil society. Folha covered the activities carried out in exile debating the amnesty, but granted a larger space to the more well-known exiles, such as Leonel Brizola, Luís Carlos Prestes and Miguel Arraes. The articles and news reported the movement of exiles to claim access to basic documents, such as passports, and insecurity, on returning to Brazil – even before the amnesty – regarding the reopening of military justice proceedings. In general terms, Folha's coverage of the issues of exile and amnesty, in the context of the end of the civil-military dictatorship, reinforced the association of this measure with pacification and national reconciliation.

A pesquisa analisa a aparição dos temas do exílio, dos exilados e dos banidos nos debates sobre a anistia, ocorridos entre outubro de 1978 e agosto de 1979, no jornal Folha de São Paulo. O processo de abertura política no final da ditadura civil-militar, expresso nas modificações na legislação, como por exemplo, na aprovação da nova Lei de Segurança Nacional, abriu novas perspectivas para os exilados retornarem ao Brasil, coincidindo com um momento em que o jornal estava reavaliando a sua postura editorial frente ao fortalecimento da sociedade civil. A Folha fez a cobertura das atividades realizadas no exílio debatendo a anistia, mas concedeu um espaço maior aos exilados mais conhecidos, como Leonel Brizola, Luís Carlos Prestes e Miguel Arraes. Os artigos e notícias registraram a movimentação dos exilados para reivindicar o acesso a documentos básicos, como o passaporte, e a insegurança, no retorno ao Brasil – ainda antes da anistia – quanto à reabertura de processos na justiça militar. Em termos gerais, a cobertura da Folha sobre os temas do exílio e da anistia, no contexto do final da ditadura civil-militar, reforçou a associação dessa medida com a pacificação e a reconciliação nacional. / The research analyzes the appearance of the themes of exile, exiles and banished in the debates on amnesty, which occurred between October 1978 and August 1979, in the newspaper Folha de São Paulo. The process of political opening at the end of the civil-military dictatorship, expressed in changes in legislation, such as the adoption of the new National Security Law, opened up new prospects for exiles to return to Brazil, coinciding with a time when the newspaper was re-evaluating its editorial position regarding the strengthening of civil society. Folha covered the activities carried out in exile debating the amnesty, but granted a larger space to the more well-known exiles, such as Leonel Brizola, Luís Carlos Prestes and Miguel Arraes. The articles and news reported the movement of exiles to claim access to basic documents, such as passports, and insecurity, on returning to Brazil – even before the amnesty – regarding the reopening of military justice proceedings. In general terms, Folha's coverage of the issues of exile and amnesty, in the context of the end of the civil-military dictatorship, reinforced the association of this measure with pacification and national reconciliation.

This dissertation evaluates the career and work of the underappreciated Austrian-Jewish-American novelist, dramatist, essayist and screen writer Gina Kaus (1894 - 1985). The dissertation's approach is interdisciplinary in nature, drawing from the fields of German, American, exile, literary, feminist, performance, global, cultural as well as film studies. The unusually diverse corpus of Kaus's work in both the literary and filmic medium makes such an interdisciplinary approach indispensable. The dissertation argues that Kaus's specific female and little visible exile experience was shaped and accompanied by a significant, social, cultural, political, linguistic and geographical change. It reconstructs and consciously reinserts Kaus' transatlantic accomplishments into the larger exile history. My dissertation offers close reading of Gina Kaus's second play Toni (1928) and positions her piece within the larger landscape of the Weimar Republic and Vienna during the 1920s. The analysis incorporates a feminist reading, which focuses on the performances of gender and the representation of femininity and illustrates the destabilization of gender and sexual identities during the Weimar period. The analysis of Die Überfahrt (1932), Kaus's second bestseller novel, discusses her novel as a Zeitroman (novel of the times). It contextualizes her book in terms of its readership and the literary market while examining it as a comment on the political, financial and social circumstances of 1920s Weimar culture. A thorough investigation of two films for which Kaus invented the story and collaborated on the screenplay, namely The Wife Takes a Flyer (directed by Richard Wallace, USA, 1942), an Anti-Nazi comedy, and Three Secrets (directed by Robert Wise, USA, 1950), a melodrama, challenges the persistent idea that Kaus's work for Hollywood was incapable to live up to her earlier literary and theatrical successes as an author of the Weimar period. My particular focus on the representation of femininity and female agency sheds light on how the émigrée Kaus, who had been known as an ardent feminist in Europe, successfully managed to subvert ideas of heteronormative gender and power discourses even within the restrictive limits of the Hollywood apparatus. The dissertation further investigates the understudied text form screenplay and the practice of screenwriting. It examines for the first time various unpublished film script versions of the The Wife Takes a Flyer and Three Secrets and thus promotes the film script as a textual form worthy of investigation and integration in both literary and film studies. The script analysis pays attention to the collaborative nature, considers the various versions and revisions the script underwent, offers a comparison to the movies and evaluates the script in its multi-functionality, style, and aesthetics. The scripts also give insight into the ways in which Kaus's exilic consciousness permeates her scriptwriting. My close analysis of Kaus's autobiography, which was published in 1979 and targeted at a German-speaking readership, uncovers the ways in which exile is reflected in the practice of autobiographical writing. The dissertation focuses foremost on the narrative strategies as well as omissions in Kaus's attempt to re-inscribe herself into the literary and artistic scene of Vienna and Berlin; and her effort to position herself among the prominent and predominantly male German-Jewish diaspora in Hollywood. I also shed light on her ability to adapt to the United States and her decision to remain and become a citizen. Her perception of exile as an opportunity, rather than as a limitation is an important new aspect in the existing exile research. Among the Jewish-German exile community in Hollywood, Gina Kaus had a truly transnational career and deserves more credit for her filmic works.

Jorge Semprún’s work is the fruit of an incarceration in the concentration camp of Buchenwald as a resistance fighter and his expulsion from the Partido Comunista Español in 1964. Due to these biographical circumstances, many critical literary studies to date limit the discussion of his works to the autobiographical and the realm of Holocaust studies. Together with the texts that do not fit adequately into this categories, his self-identification as a Spanish exile has up to now been neglected. The present thesis aims to provide a more global view of his oeuvre by extending the literary analyses to texts that have deserved little critical attention. In order to achieve this, it investigates the role played by memory and self-representation in a variety of works by Semprún. Aspects connected to memory such as exile and nostalgia, the Holocaust, the interplay between memory and writing, politics and collective memory, postmemory and identity are examined by means of a detailed analysis of the selected works and are discussed thematically. Differences in genre are discarded for the discussion and interconnections between the various narratives are highlighted. With the help of memory and trauma theories, we come to the conclusion that memory is the overarching principle of Semprún’s writing and that he invests it with an aesthetic and ethical value which is interpreted as the justification for his devotion to writing.