Empirisk forskning har visat att det finns tydliga kopplingar mellan intresse, attityder ochstudieframgångar. Enkätundersökningen som föreligger denna rapport ämnade att mäta hur intressetför fysik och attityder till fysik och fysikundervisningen skiljer sig åt mellan de olika årskurserna pågymnasiet. För att kunna mäta attityderna har enkätverktyget Maryland Physics Expectations(MPEX) Survey använts. Enkäten har besvarats av 605 respondenter från teknik- ochnaturvetenskapsprogrammet på två gymnasiumskolor i Mellansverige. Intresset för fysik är lågt påde undersökta skolorna och det tenderar att bli lägre med åren. Överlag är det fler ofördelaktiga svarhos de olika attitydsdimensionerna i årskurs 3 än i årskurs 1. Koncept är den dimension som har flestofördelaktiga svar både i tvåan och i trean. För att öka den konceptuella förståelsen hosgymnasiestudenterna bör konceptuell förståelse få en större del av undervisningen. Att examinerakonceptuell förståelse på hemläxor och prov är även det att föredra. / Empirical research has shown that there are clear links between the interests, attitudes, and studentsuccess. The aim of the survey, which is the foundation of this report, was to measure how theinterest in physics and attitudes towards physics and physics education differs between the differentyears in upper secondary school. Maryland Physics Expectations (MPEX) Survey has been used tomeasure the attitudes. The questionnaire was answered by 605 respondents from technology andnatural science program from two upper secondary schools in central Sweden. Interest in physics islow on the investigated schools and it tends to become lower through the ages. Overall, there aremore unfavorable responses of the different attitude dimensions in third grade than in first grade. Concept is the dimension that has the most unfavorable response in both the second and third grade.In order to increase the conceptual understanding of upper secondary school students, shouldconceptual understanding be offered a greater part of the teaching. Examining conceptualunderstanding in homework assignments and tests are also preferable.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar a demanda por moeda no Brasil no período 1974 a 2008, lembrando que ele inclui sub-períodos de inflação elevada, e baixa, e levando em conta hipóteses alternativas quanto à formação de expectativas. A especificação adotada é a de Tourinho (1995), que generaliza a de Cagan (1956) para permitir uma forma funcional mais flexível e incorporar outras variáveis, além da inflação esperada, como variáveis explicativas. Verifica-se que estas extensões são importantes para modelar a demanda por saldos monetários reais no período aqui considerado. A forma funcional semi-log de Cagan é rejeitada, em favor de uma forma funcional flexível Box-Cox, e os coeficientes da taxa de juros real e da variância da inflação são significativos, mostrando a importância destas variáveis serem inseridas ao modelo. A função estimada para o período completo é comparada com aquelas estimadas para os sub-periodos de inflação alta e moderada, para verificar a estabilidade da formulação adotada. Conclui-se que se pode rejeitar a hipótese de que ela é estável. O modelo de Cagan é generalizado aqui em outra dimensão, considerando mecanismos alternativos de formação de expectativas, que podem ser adaptativas, como no modelo original, ou racionais. A hipótese de que expectativas adaptativas sejam racionais é também considerada. Conclui-se que a imposição da condição de racionalidade ao modelo com expectativas adaptativas não produz alterações importantes nos valores estimados.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar a demanda por moeda no Brasil no período 1974 a 2008, lembrando que ele inclui sub-períodos de inflação elevada, e baixa, e levando em conta hipóteses alternativas quanto à formação de expectativas. A especificação adotada é a de Tourinho (1995), que generaliza a de Cagan (1956) para permitir uma forma funcional mais flexível e incorporar outras variáveis, além da inflação esperada, como variáveis explicativas. Verifica-se que estas extensões são importantes para modelar a demanda por saldos monetários reais no período aqui considerado. A forma funcional semi-log de Cagan é rejeitada, em favor de uma forma funcional flexível Box-Cox, e os coeficientes da taxa de juros real e da variância da inflação são significativos, mostrando a importância destas variáveis serem inseridas ao modelo. A função estimada para o período completo é comparada com aquelas estimadas para os sub-periodos de inflação alta e moderada, para verificar a estabilidade da formulação adotada. Conclui-se que se pode rejeitar a hipótese de que ela é estável. O modelo de Cagan é generalizado aqui em outra dimensão, considerando mecanismos alternativos de formação de expectativas, que podem ser adaptativas, como no modelo original, ou racionais. A hipótese de que expectativas adaptativas sejam racionais é também considerada. Conclui-se que a imposição da condição de racionalidade ao modelo com expectativas adaptativas não produz alterações importantes nos valores estimados.

This thesis explores the relationship between a pastor’s personal ministry identity and the church role expectations that he encounters in the local church within which he ministers and takes place in the context of the discipline of “Building up the local church”. It is the hypothesis of this thesis that many Baptist pastors within the Baptist Union of Southern Africa are compromising the integrity of their own personal ministry identities in an attempt to meet the church role expectations of their local churches. The study considers firstly the nature development of personal identity in general as a precursor to understanding the nature of development of a personal ministry identity. At least six key elements are identified as being important in the development of an authentic personal ministry identity namely, spiritual gifting, personality, natural talentsabilities, divine call, congregational influence and finally passion. Pastoral ministry can be understood as an interface of expectations between the church role expectations of the church and the pastor’s expectations derived from his personal ministry identity. The consequences of this interface of expectations may be both positive and negative and may include role confusion, conflict, collusion or congruence. Role negotiation and renegotiation may be used to address some of the negative consequences of this interface. Empirical research results obtained as part of the study that explored the relationship between a pastor’s personal ministry identity, church role expectations and the current approach to ministry, clearly indicate that church role expectations are far more influential on current pastoral practice than are the personal ministry identities, indicating that the identities of these pastors have been undermined by church role expectations. A correct understanding of the Biblical view of self-denial and self-esteem would result in a greater freedom on the part of pastors to resist the undermining of their personal ministry identities. Copyright 2005, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Baston, GA 2005, Rediscovering pastoral identity : the influence of church role expectations in undermining a pastor’s personal ministry identity, MA(Theol) dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06172005-101131 / > / Dissertation (MA (Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

A set of forecast survey data is analyzed in this paper for properties consistent with the Rational Expectations Hypothesis. Standard statistical tests for "rational expectations" are employed utilizing consensus forecasts generated by an interest rate newsletter. Four selected variables (Fed Funds rate, M1 rate of growth, rate of change in CPI, and real GNP growth rate) are analyzed over multiple time horizons. Results tend to reject "rational expectations" for most variables and time horizons. Forecasts are more likely to meet "rationality" criteria the shorter the forecast horizon, with the notable exception of forecasts of real GNP growth.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur revisionsbyråer har anpassat sig i förändradeomständigheter orsakade av påtvingat distansarbete och att ge en inblick i hur de upprätthåller legitimitet i revisionsarbetet. En kvalitativ studie har genomförts medsemistrukturerade intervjuer med revisorer samt en dokumentstudie med interna dokument som vi har fått från respondenterna. Dokumenten innehåller beskrivningar av revisorers omställning inom teknologi och kommunikation. Resultaten visar att revisorer och revisionsbyråer har kunnat fullgöra deras arbetsuppgifter även om de har saknat fysiskinteraktion med medarbetare och klienter. Revisorers och revisionsbyråers förmåga att upprätthålla legitimitet har i flera situationer däremot försvårats vad gäller befintliga förväntningar. De har trots detta ställt om tillräckligt bra för att kunna upprätthålla deras legitimitet. / The purpose of this study is to examine how audit firms have adjusted in changed circumstances caused by forced telework and to provide an insight into how they maintain legitimacy in the audit work. A qualitative study has been conducted with semi-structured interviews with auditors as well as a document study with internal documents that we have received from the participants. The documents contain descriptions of the auditors adjustment in technology and communication. The results show that auditors and audit firms have been able to fulfill their duties, even though they have lacked physical interaction with colleagues and clients. Auditors and audit firms ability to maintain legitimacy has in several situations deteriorated regarding existing expectations. They have nevertheless adjusted well enough to be able to maintain their legitimacy. This essay is written in Swedish

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Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Special Education, Counseling and Student Affairs / Judith K. Hughey / Many efforts have been directed towards providing equitable access to higher education for youth from low-income, first-generation families. Despite gains, attendance and graduation rates from college are consistently lower for these students (U.S. Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics, 2012). A variety of initiatives have been implemented to support students' entry into college, persistence to graduation, and increased access to professional careers. One such program is Talent Search, which provides middle school students opportunities to achieve academic success and to become knowledgeable about college and career options. KU Talent Search offers a summer career camp as part of its programming. The Career Horizons Summer Program (CHSP) exists to help students between 6th and 7th grades explore career possibilities, build potential for success in academics and careers, and become more comfortable in a college environment (Dukstein, 2012b). This study examined beliefs about college and careers in a group of 52 students, as well as the impact of the CHSP on the intervention group. Educational aspirations and expectations, and career and college-going self-efficacy were assessed. It was predicted that participation in the camp would result in an increase in college-going and career self-efficacy. The study also provided additional insight into the construct of college-going self-efficacy. Using a quantitative comparison group design, data were collected from camp participants and from students who were eligible to participate but did not. Pre and posttest surveys assessed educational aspirations and expectations and included scales to measure career self-efficacy (Fouad & Smith, 1997) and college-going self-efficacy (Gibbons & Borders, 2010a). Educational aspirations and expectations were high in all participants and a bivariate correlation analysis revealed that career self-efficacy and college-going self-efficacy were highly correlated. Comparisons between the intervention and the comparison group suggested that the CHSP did have an impact on career and college self-efficacy. It is important to understand the characteristics of a successful college and career access program, and to identify interventions that are most impactful. The findings of this study add to understanding of one such intervention and may have implications for specific practices that can increase potential for college success.