Após a viagem inaugural de Vasco da Gama, os portugueses traçaram um projeto ambicioso de controle das rotas e dos entrepostos comerciais do oceano Índico, que previa a instalação de feitorias nas cidades africanas costeiras de Quiloa e Sofala. A importância dessa última residia na sua proximidade com os centros produtores de ouro do interior do continente, principalmente o reino do Monomotapa, identificado pelos contemporâneos como o mais rico e poderoso da região. Se no início de sua presença na costa índica os lusitanos aguardaram os mercadores africanos dentro da fortaleza, a partir da queda do volume nos negócios os comerciantes particulares e representantes da Coroa passaram a prospectar o sertão em busca das fontes de riqueza que escapavam da feitoria, desviadas pelas redes mercantis muçulmanas para a cidade de Angoche. Em duas fases distintas, o movimento português em direção ao sertão do continente africano se desenrolou ao longo de todo o século XVI e seus atores produziram grande volume de documentos sobre as diversas características das sociedades com que travaram contato. A partir do vasto conjunto documental, e partindo do pressuposto de que a aplicação de uma metodologia de leitura crítica das fontes nos permitiria acessar, ainda que não em sua totalidade, características das estruturas sociais, políticas e econômicas shona, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é investigar a história política do reino do Monomotapa ao longo do Quinhentos, tendo como ponto de partida a investigação dos interesses que levaram os mutapas a estabelecer relações amistosas com os lusitanos que penetraram em seu território. Ainda que o foco central não seja a presença dos portugueses em África, entendemos que a história do Monomotapa no século XVI somente pode ser compreendida a partir do contato, uma vez que o encontro dos projetos e interesses shona e português provocou o surgimento de novos contextos e arranjos significativos para as dinâmicas históricas dessa região. / After the inaugural trip of Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese have drawn an ambitious project for the control of routes and trading posts of the Indian Ocean, which included the installation of trading stations in the African coastal cities of Kilwa and Sofala. The importance of the latter lays in its proximity to the gold producers in the outback, especially in the Kingdom of the Monomotapa - identified by contemporaries as the richest and most powerful in the region. At the beginning of its presence on the coast, the Portuguese traders waited for African merchants inside the fortress. As the volume of business decreased, the private traders and agents of the Crown began to explore the wilderness due to the seeking of wealth sources that did not reach the feitoria of Sofala. By that time, Muslims had shifted commercial networks for the city of Angoche. In two different phases, the Portuguese movement towards the hinterland of the continent took place throughout the sixteenth century. This research relies on the vast amount of documents left behind by the Portuguese when they passed that encounter . It is based on the assumption that the use of a methodology of critical reading of the sources allows us to approach Shonas political, social and economic structures. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the political history of the kingdom of Monomotapa throughout the sixteenth century, starting with the research of the interests which led the Mutapas to establish friendly relations with the Lusitanians who invaded their territory. Even though the Portuguese presence in Africa is not our main focus, we understand that the history of Monomotapa in the sixteenth century can only be understood through the analysis of the contact of this people with the Portuguese. This is to say that the projects and interests of the Shona and the Portuguese led to the rise of new contexts and significant arrangements for the historical dynamics in this region.

Magister Artium - MA / This study sought to investigate the alleged problem of ‘academic dependency’, on the part of South African sociologists, on western scholarship. The stated problem is said to undermine South African sociologists’ ability to set their own intellectual and epistemological agenda. Sociology in South Africa is characterised by two issues: ‘negations’ and theoretical ‘extraversion’. In the light of the foregoing claim, the study sought to investigate the underlying epistemological features of sociology curriculum in one of the South African universities. In investigating these issues, the thesis relies on the notion of ‘authentic interlocutors’ put forward by Archie Mafeje. Literature on transformation of the social sciences in (South) Africa was reviewed. Methodologically, the study assumes a qualitative approach. In order comprehensively to understand the problem under investigation, in-depth interviews were conducted along with a review of course outlines of the selected department of sociology; these, in turn, were subjected to content analysis. Interviewees included, respectively, academic members of staff and postgraduate students. The study concludes by highlighting the ‘ontological disconnect’, on the part of South African sociologists, not only with their immediate environment but the rest of the African continent. In maintaining this view, it argues that their ontological and epistemological standpoints only succeed in highlighting their cultural affinity with Euro-American perspectives. The said ontological disconnect and cultural affinity, it is argued, lead to extraverted curricula

Longitudinal data (N = 263) was used to investigate the bidirectional relationship between engagement (engaged lifestyle activities) and cognition (crystallized & fluid intelligence). Extroversion and openness to experience were also tested as moderators of the relationship between engagement and cognition. Results showed that the relationship between engagement at Wave 1 and cognition at Wave 2 did not differ from the relationship between cognition at Wave 1 and engagement at Wave 2. Testing for moderation with regression indicated that neither extroversion nor openness was moderating the relationship between engagement and cognition in either direction. Structural equation models provided further summary evidence that the relationships among engagement at Wave 1, extroversion, openness, and cognition at Wave 2 were not strong. However, a strong limitation to these results was the measurement error associated with a new measure of engagement.

Social kompetens är något som i större utsträckning efterfrågas av arbetsgivare och har blivit allt mer betydelsefullt i arbetslivet. Tilltron till den sociala förmågan kan därför vara av vikt för individens mående. Syftet med studien var att med kvantitativ ansats undersöka sambandet mellan social self-efficacy och subjektivt välbefinnande samt betydelsen av individers värdering av sociala kompetens och personlighetsdraget extraversion för detta samband. Enkäten som utgjordes av fyra instrument delades både i pappersformat och digitalt samt besvarades av 127 arbetsaktiva deltagare.  För att undersöka samband mellan variablerna och skillnader mellan grupper har korrelationer, simultan regressionsanalys och tvåvägs variansanalyser genomförts. Resultatet visar bland annat att det fanns positiva samband mellan de tre variablerna social self-efficacy, extraversion och social kompetensvärdering och den beroende variabeln välbefinnande. Aktuell undersökning har bidragit med ytterligare förståelse för vikten av social self-efficacy i arbetslivet och hur det tillsammans med extraversion positivt relaterar till välbefinnandet.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt den Zusammenhang zwischen Alexithymie und dem expliziten und impliziten Selbstkonzept für Extraversion. Bisherige Studien konnten bereits negative Zusammenhänge der beiden Konstrukte Alexithymie und Extraversion nachweisen, nutzten aber lediglich direkte Messmethoden zur Erfassung von Extraversion. Wir erweitern diese Studien durch die Erhebung des impliziten Selbstkonzepts für Extraversion, indirekt gemessen mit Hilfe eines Impliziten Assoziationstests. Unsere Stichprobe umfasste 98 gesunde Frauen im Alter zwischen 18 bis 30 Jahren. Als Untersuchungsinstrumente nutzten wir die 20-Item Toronto Alexithymie Skala und zur Erfassung von Extraversion das NEO-Fünf-Faktoren Inventar, sowie den Impliziten Assoziationstest. Wir konnten entsprechend unserer Hypothese einen signifikant negativen Zusammenhang mit r= -.282 zwischen Alexithymie und dem impliziten Selbstkonzept für Extraversion nachweisen. Auch nach Kontrolle für explizite Extraversion und mögliche Einflussgrößen, wie Ängstlichkeit, Depressivität oder dem verbalen Intelligenzniveau, blieb der negative Zusammenhang zwischen Alexithymie und impliziter Extraversion signifikant bestehen. Unsere Studie schränken folgende Faktoren ein: Alexithymie wurde lediglich auf Basis eines Fragenbogens erfasst und unsere Stichprobe umfasste nur weibliche, gesunde Probandinnen. Unsere Studie liefert erstmalig Hinweise, dass bei alexithymen Personen assoziative Repräsentationen des Selbst seltener mit extraversionstypischen Eigenschaften verbunden sind als bei wenig alexithymen Personen. Damit stehen unsere Ergebnisse in Einklang mit bisherigen Erkenntnissen, nach denen Alexithymie mit sozialer Anhedonie, Zurückhaltung und interpersonellen Problemen einhergeht.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1 1.1 Alexithymie 1 1.1.1 Zum Begriff der Alexithymie 1 1.1.2 Inhaltliche Beschreibung des Alexithymie-Konstruktes 2 1.1.3 Psychometrische Erfassung von Alexithymie 3 1.1.4 Prävalenz und soziodemographische Aspekte der Alexithymie 6 1.1.5 Alexithymie und Krankheit 7 1.2 Extraversion 9 1.2.1 Zum Begriff der Extraversion 9 1.2.2 Inhaltliche Beschreibung des Persönlichkeitsmerkmals Extraversion 10 1.2.3 Extraversion – eine Basisdimension der Big Five 11 1.2.4 Psychometrische Erfassung von Extraversion 13 1.3 Implizite Messverfahren 14 1.4 Zusammenhang von Alexithymie und Extraversion 15 2 Fragestellung und Hypothesen 19 3 Material und Methoden 20 3.1 Studienbeschreibung 20 3.2 Datenerhebung 20 3.2.1 Zusammensetzung der Stichprobe und Ein-/Ausschlusskriterien 20 3.2.2 Durchführung der Studie 22 3.3 Psychometrische Messverfahren 23 3.3.1 20-Item Toronto Alexithymie Skala (TAS 20) 23 3.3.6 NEO-Fünf-Faktoren Inventar (NEO-FFI) 25 3.3.2 Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Intelligenztest (MWT-B) 27 3.3.4 Beck-Depressions-Inventar (BDI-II) 28 3.3.5 State-Trait Angst Inventar (STAI) 29 3.3.3 Impliziter Assoziationstest (IAT) 29 3.4 Vor- und Nachteile psychometrischer Testverfahren 32 3.4.1 Selbstbeurteilungsverfahren 32 3.4.2 Implizite Testverfahren 33 4 Ergebnisse 34 4.1 Soziodemographische und psychometrische Merkmale der Stichprobe 34 4.2 IAT Experiment 38 4.3 Pearson Korrelationen der psychometrischen Maße 38 4.3.1 Interkorrelationen der TAS 20 Skalen 39 4.3.2 Korrelationen zwischen Alexithymie und den Dimensionen des NEO-FFI 40 4.3.3 Korrelationen zwischen Alexithymie und Affektivität 41 4.3.4 Korrelationen zwischen impliziter und expliziter Extraversion und Affektivität 41 4.3.5 Korrelationen zwischen Alexithymie und impliziter Extraversion 43 4.3.6 Korrelationen zwischen impliziter und expliziter Extraversion. 44 4.4. Partialkorrelation zwischen Alexithymie und expliziter Extraversion 44 4.5. Partialkorrelation zwischen Alexithymie und impliziter Extraversion 45 4.6 Partialkorrelation zwischen Alexithymie und impliziter Extraversion unter Kontrolle für explizite Extraversion 47 5 Diskussion 48 6 Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 60 Literaturverzeichnis 63 Anhang 80 Lebenslauf 81 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 83 Veröffentlichung 84 Danksagung 85

A major concern with using personality tests in the selection process is the prevalence of applicant faking behavior which can influence the rank order of applicants such that fakers are hired at an elevated frequency. This study examined the effects of the detection/consequence warning and a more applicant-friendly warning on faking and perceived procedural justice. I hypothesized that a positive warning (reasoning warning) and a detection/consequence warning would show similar mean personality trait levels compared to honest responses, with all means showing less socially desirable responding than no warning prompt. Results suggested that the detection/consequence warning is more effective at reducing faking behavior in the selection context, and the content of the warning has no impact on perceived procedural justice.

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Technically-driven medical devices such as wireless implantable medical devices (WIMD) have become ubiquitous within healthcare. The use of these devices has changed the way nurses administer patient care. Consequently, the nursing workforce is large and diverse, and with it comes an expected disparity in personalities. Research involving human factors and technology acceptance in healthcare is not new. Yet due to the changing variables in the manner of which patient care is being administered, both in person and in the mechanism of treatment, recent research suggests that individual human factors such as personality traits may hold unknown implications involving more successful adoption of emerging technologies for patient care. The purpose of this research was to empirically investigate the influence of personality traits on a nurse’s intention to use WIMDs for patient care. One hundred and two nurses from a tertiary teaching hospital in Michigan were surveyed to determine if their identifiable personality traits statistically related to their intention to use a WIMD. A predictive model was developed by combining constructs from the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model and the Five Factor personality trait model (FFM). The model used moderated multiple regression (MMR) to statistically identify if the personality traits of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism, moderated one or more statistically significant relationships between 1) performance expectancy (PE) and intention to use (IU), 2) effort expectancy (EE) and IU, 3) and social influence (SI) and IU. It was predicted that PE, EE, and SI would show statistical significance on a nurse’s IU of a WIMD when moderated by one or more of the five personality traits. Results showed statistical significance between PE and IU, and EE and IU, but not between SI and IU, when moderated by extraversion. Results showed no statistical significance between PE and IU, EE and IU, or SI and IU when moderated by openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, or neuroticism. This research has contributed by conducting an investigation on individual human factors that may impact nurses’ intention to use emerging technologies; and by providing statistical evidence that may help to better predict the role personality traits have on a nurse’s adoption of WIMDs for patient care.

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The aim of the work is to map the experience of employees who during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic found themselves compulsorily and at the same time for the first time at the home office, for at least 3 weeks. Differences in experience between men and women and personality dimensions of extraversion are also monitored. The first part of the thesis deals with the theoretical description of classical work from home, the basic concepts are introduced and various psychological aspects are discussed. The second part traces the time of the first wave of the pandemic in the Czech Republic, characterizes the Czech Republic's approach to home office and similarly discusses the experience of people in a mandatory HO in various aspects. The type of work is a mixed research. Data collection was performed with the help of a self- created questionnaire, which also contains two scales from the DOPEN questionnaire: extraversion and L-scale. The aim of the work was achieved in two ways. Qualitative analysis of written answers was performed using the method of grounded theory. In the quantitative analysis of the data, the Mann-Whitney U test method was used to compare overall satisfaction at mandatory HO by gender and Spearman's correlation coefficient to monitor the relationship between variables such as...