The development of technologies to reduce turbofan engine noise reveals the fan noise, the first stage of an engine, as a great contributor for the total noise of an airplane. So a better understanding of the fan noise generation came up and motivated the construction of a fan rig test facility at the University of São Paulo in São Carlos by a partnership between the university and EMBRAER S.A.. The fan rig is composed of a long duct (12mlong) comprising a 16-bladed fan rotor and 14-vaned stator. The rotor is powered by an 100 hp electrical motor allowing speed up to 4250 RPM resulting in 0.1Mach axial flow. A 77-microphone wall-mounted array was designed for fan noise analysis. A cooperation with NASA-Glenn allowed data and information exchanging from their similar fan rig setup, the ANCF, grating then the validation of the in-house developed software. A short guide for duct-array is proposed in this work. Complex software was developed to process the data from the microphones array. We performed 3 different types of analysis: power spectral density, noise imaging obtained by acoustic beamforming and modal analysis.We proposed a different technique for modal analysis based on beamforming images in this work.We did not find any similar technique in the references. The results obtained by this technique were validated with data from ANCF-NASA. Comparative results are presented for both fan rigs, such as: power spectral densities for different fan speeds, modal analysis at the blade passing frequency (strong tones generated by the fan), noise imaging obtained by beamforming for rotating and static noise sources. Finally, results achieved in this work are in agreement with those observed in the references consulted. / Como desenvolver de tecnologias para redução de ruído de motores aeronáuticos turbofans, o ruído gerado pelo fan (primeiro estágio do motor) vem se mostrando cada vez mais um grande contribuinte na emissão total de ruído em um avião. Com isso, a necessidade de se estudar mecanismos geradores de ruído nestes motores veio à tona e motivou a construção de uma bancada de experimentos aero-acústicos junto àUniversidade de São Paulo, campus São Carlos, oriundo da parceria entre EMBRAER S.A. e Universidade de São Paulo. A bancada de ensaios compõe um conjunto rotor/estator, sendo que o fan (rotor) é equipado com 16 pás e a estatora 14 pás, conectado a um motor elétrico de 100 hp através de um eixo ao rotor, alcançando 4250 RPM com velocidade de escoamento axial médio de 0,1 Mach. Esta bancada é composta por um longo duto e a seção de ensaio com o fan localiza-se ao centro. Uma antena dispondo de 77 microfones foi especialmente projetada para fazer aquisição do ruído gerado pelo fan. Uma parceria com a NASA-Glenn possibilitou a troca de informações e dados experimentais de sua bancada de experimentos similar (ANCF) ajudando assim a validar os códigos desenvolvidos bem como comparar resultados para ambas as bancadas. Umpequeno roteiro para projeto de antena para análise modal e beamforming em duto é apresentado neste trabalho. Um complexo software foi desenvolvido a fim de processar sistematicamente os dados aquisitados pelos microfones da antena. Três tipos de análise são feitas: Via espectro densidade de potência; Imagem de ruído acústico obtido através da técnica de beamforming, e por último, análise modal. Uma técnica diferente para análise modal baseada em imagens obtidas através de beamforming é proposta neste trabalho. Nada similar foi encontrado nas referências consultadas. Os resultados foram validados com dados de fontes sintéticas produzidas pela bancada ANCF-NASA. Resultados comparativos para ambas as bancadas são exibidas neste trabalho, tais quais: Análise do espectro densidade de potência para diferentes rotações do fan; análise modal nas frequências de passagem das pás (forte ruído tonal gerado pelo fan); imagem acústica do ruído gerado tanto por fontes rotativas quanto para fontes estáticas. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos estão de acordo com o esperado e de antemão observados nas referências consultadas.

Single Duct Variable Air Volume (SDVAV) systems use series and parallel Fan Powered Terminal Units to control the air flow in conditioned spaces. This research developed a laboratory verified model of SDVAV systems that used series and parallel fan terminal units where the fan speeds were controlled by either Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCR) or Electronically Commutated Motors (ECM) motors. As part of the research, the model was used to compare the performance of the systems and to predict the harmonics generated by ECM systems. All research objectives were achieved. The CFD model, which was verified with laboratory measurements, showed the potential to identify opportunities for improvement in the design of the FPTU and accurately predicted the static pressure drop as air passed through the unit over the full operating range of the FPTU. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of typical a FPTU were developed and used to investigate opportunities for optimizing the design of FPTUs. The CFD model identified key parameters required to conduct numerical simulations of FPTU and some of the internal components used to manufacture the units. One key internal component was a porous baffle used to enhance mixing when primary air and induced air entered the mixing chamber. The CFD analysis showed that a pressure-drop based on face velocity model could be used to accurately predict the performance of the FPTU. The SDVAV simulation results showed that parallel FPTUs used less energy overall than series systems that used SCR motors as long as primary air leakage was not considered. Simulation results also showed that series ECM FPTUs used about the same amount of energy, within 3 percent, of parallel FPTU even when leakage was not considered. A leakage rate of 10 percent was enough to reduce the performance of the parallel FPTU to the level of the series SCR system and the series ECM FPTUs outperformed the parallel FPTUs at all weather locations used in the study.

The advent of social media has witnessed a transformation in how audiences interact with marketers online. While previous research has shown that media consumers generally hold a negative view of advertising, today’s media consumers are engaging with brands more than ever. This study examines what it means to be an active fan of marketers in social media to the modern media consumer through an investigation of how audiences relate to brands in the social media space. Centered around audiences’ uses and gratifications of three successful brand communities within Facebook through qualitative (field observations and individual interviews) and quantitative (surveys) methods, this study intends to gain further knowledge about the role of social media and its impact on forming new cultural trends. The findings suggest that while the uses and gratifications of Facebook brand pages and what becoming a fan of a brand on Facebook signifies to social media users vary, the prevailing motivation for and function of brand community membership is the construction of one’s digital identity in association with the brands of one’s choosing. Furthermore, despite being aware that Facebook brand communities are marketing platforms, fans were largely receptive to and held a positive attitude towards the brands. This critical study of brand fans on Facebook presents the importance of studying social media’s uses and implications in order to better understand new audience cultures within the interactive media landscape.

In this study, a variable pitch axial flow fan is designed and analysed for Ankara Wind Tunnel (AWT). In order to determine the loss caharacteristics of AWT, an algorithm is developed and the results are validated. Also some pressure and velocity measurements are made at the fan section to find the losses experimentally. After completion of the fan design, analyses are made at different volumetric flowrates and blade angles including the design point and the performance characteristics of the fan are obtained and thereafter the operating range of the tunnel is deterimened.

The development of technologies to reduce turbofan engine noise reveals the fan noise, the first stage of an engine, as a great contributor for the total noise of an airplane. So a better understanding of the fan noise generation came up and motivated the construction of a fan rig test facility at the University of São Paulo in São Carlos by a partnership between the university and EMBRAER S.A.. The fan rig is composed of a long duct (12mlong) comprising a 16-bladed fan rotor and 14-vaned stator. The rotor is powered by an 100 hp electrical motor allowing speed up to 4250 RPM resulting in 0.1Mach axial flow. A 77-microphone wall-mounted array was designed for fan noise analysis. A cooperation with NASA-Glenn allowed data and information exchanging from their similar fan rig setup, the ANCF, grating then the validation of the in-house developed software. A short guide for duct-array is proposed in this work. Complex software was developed to process the data from the microphones array. We performed 3 different types of analysis: power spectral density, noise imaging obtained by acoustic beamforming and modal analysis.We proposed a different technique for modal analysis based on beamforming images in this work.We did not find any similar technique in the references. The results obtained by this technique were validated with data from ANCF-NASA. Comparative results are presented for both fan rigs, such as: power spectral densities for different fan speeds, modal analysis at the blade passing frequency (strong tones generated by the fan), noise imaging obtained by beamforming for rotating and static noise sources. Finally, results achieved in this work are in agreement with those observed in the references consulted. / Como desenvolver de tecnologias para redução de ruído de motores aeronáuticos turbofans, o ruído gerado pelo fan (primeiro estágio do motor) vem se mostrando cada vez mais um grande contribuinte na emissão total de ruído em um avião. Com isso, a necessidade de se estudar mecanismos geradores de ruído nestes motores veio à tona e motivou a construção de uma bancada de experimentos aero-acústicos junto àUniversidade de São Paulo, campus São Carlos, oriundo da parceria entre EMBRAER S.A. e Universidade de São Paulo. A bancada de ensaios compõe um conjunto rotor/estator, sendo que o fan (rotor) é equipado com 16 pás e a estatora 14 pás, conectado a um motor elétrico de 100 hp através de um eixo ao rotor, alcançando 4250 RPM com velocidade de escoamento axial médio de 0,1 Mach. Esta bancada é composta por um longo duto e a seção de ensaio com o fan localiza-se ao centro. Uma antena dispondo de 77 microfones foi especialmente projetada para fazer aquisição do ruído gerado pelo fan. Uma parceria com a NASA-Glenn possibilitou a troca de informações e dados experimentais de sua bancada de experimentos similar (ANCF) ajudando assim a validar os códigos desenvolvidos bem como comparar resultados para ambas as bancadas. Umpequeno roteiro para projeto de antena para análise modal e beamforming em duto é apresentado neste trabalho. Um complexo software foi desenvolvido a fim de processar sistematicamente os dados aquisitados pelos microfones da antena. Três tipos de análise são feitas: Via espectro densidade de potência; Imagem de ruído acústico obtido através da técnica de beamforming, e por último, análise modal. Uma técnica diferente para análise modal baseada em imagens obtidas através de beamforming é proposta neste trabalho. Nada similar foi encontrado nas referências consultadas. Os resultados foram validados com dados de fontes sintéticas produzidas pela bancada ANCF-NASA. Resultados comparativos para ambas as bancadas são exibidas neste trabalho, tais quais: Análise do espectro densidade de potência para diferentes rotações do fan; análise modal nas frequências de passagem das pás (forte ruído tonal gerado pelo fan); imagem acústica do ruído gerado tanto por fontes rotativas quanto para fontes estáticas. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos estão de acordo com o esperado e de antemão observados nas referências consultadas.

Submitted by Mateus Ferreira (mateus5588ferreira@hotmail.com) on 2014-03-28T14:18:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mateus Ferreira-2.pdf: 1895713 bytes, checksum: 2c6f04b32f26367332f9bc93b208175c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by PAMELA BELTRAN TONSA (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2014-03-28T14:19:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mateus Ferreira-2.pdf: 1895713 bytes, checksum: 2c6f04b32f26367332f9bc93b208175c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-03-28T14:20:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mateus Ferreira-2.pdf: 1895713 bytes, checksum: 2c6f04b32f26367332f9bc93b208175c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / A literatura de relacionamento do consumidor com a marca tem reconhecido a importância do ambiente virtual como ferramenta eficaz para a promoção da marca. Este espaço permitiu uma maior proximidade e estreitamento das relações com os diversos públicos das empresas ao potencializar as funções do marketing, o que levou as empresas a criarem fan pages de marca a fim de promover maior interação e incrementar o relacionamento com os stakeholders. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo verificar o impacto da força do laço e da homofilia na confiança em uma fan page de marca, e o impacto da confiança no engajamento com esta fan page. Para atender a este objetivo, a pesquisa se deu em duas etapas: uma primeira fase qualitativa e uma segunda fase quantitativa. Na primeira fase, esta pesquisa identifica a unidade de análise dos conceitos e gera itens para a mensuração da força do laço, homofilia, confiança e engajamento, por meio da revisão de literatura e nove entrevistas com seguidores de fan pages de marcas. A segunda fase verifica, por meio de uma survey com 688 seguidores de uma fan page, o impacto destes conceitos no engajamento. As entrevistas foram analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo, enquanto que os dados da survey e a rede nomológica foram analisados pela modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados da primeira fase indicam que os consumidores tratam a fan page como unidade de análise dos conceitos e forneceram itens satisfatórios para a mensuração dos conceitos e suas dimensões. Já os resultados da segunda fase dão suporte a rede nomológica testada, indicando uma associação positiva da força do laço e homofilia com a confiança, e da confiança com o engajamento com fan pages de marcas. / The literature on consumer relationship with brand has recognized the importance of the virtual environment as an effective tool for brand promotion. This place allowed companies to have a greater proximity and closer relationship with different audiences to enhance the functions of marketing, which led companies to create brand fan pages to promote interaction and foster the relationship with stakeholders. This dissertation aims at determining the impact of tie strength of and homophily in trust on the brand fan page and the impact of trust in the engagement with this page. To answer this goal, the research was made in two stages: a first qualitative phase and a second quantitative phase. In the first phase, this research identifies the units of analysis and generates items to measure the strength of ties, homophily, trust and engagement by means of literature review and interviews with nine followers of brands fan pages. The second phase checks, through a survey of 688 followers of a fan page, the impact of these concepts in engagement. The interviews were analyzed with use of content analysis, while data from the survey and the nomological network were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling. The results of the first phase indicate that consumers treat the fan page as a concepts supplier and provided satisfactory items for the measurement of concepts and their dimensions. The results of the second stage support the nomological network, indicating a positive association of the strength of tie and homophily with trust, and of trust with engagement with brands fan pages.

Examensarbetet har utförts hos RotoSub AB i Linköping. RotoSub fokuserar på innovativa lösningar inom brusreducering för fläktar och är även utvecklingspartner med det österrikiska företaget Noctua, som utvecklar och tillverkar kompaktfläktar och processorkylare inom elektronikbranschen. Under examensarbetet har en flödestestkammare för kompaktfläktar utvecklats och tillverkats. Testkammaren utnyttjar ett högupplöst motstånd som ger möjlighet till ett flertal driftpunkter för att konstruera detaljerade fläktkurvor. Detta låter RotoSub noggrant analysera och undersöka fläktkaraktäristiken under utvecklingsstadiet. I rapporten undersöks två metoder för att bestämma luftflödet genom testkammaren. Däribland en känd geometri i form av munstycken, enligt den amerikanska standarden ANSI/AMCA 210-16 samt utnyttjandet av en varmtrådsanemometer. Vidare undersöks alternativ för att konstruera ett högupplöst motstånd med hög pålitlighet och repeterbarhet, samt en tryckmätningsmetod som tillåter en jämn avläsning av det statiskatrycket som testfläkten ger upphov till. Under utvecklingen tillverkades prototyper där koncept testades och utvärderades, innan slutprodukten kunde modelleras i ett CAD-program för att slutligen tillverkas fysiskt. Slutprodukten tillverkades huvudsakligen i styren-akrylnitril (SAN) samt ett fåtal komponenter i polylaktid (PLA) och aluminium. Testkammaren använder sig av en tryckring med fyra tryckportar, en varmtrådsanemometer för att mäta luftflödet samt en roterande skiva som drivs av en stegmotor för att högupplöst variera motståndet i testkammaren. Testkammaren har visat sig kapabel att konstruera fläktkurvor för samtliga fläktstorlekar undersökta under arbetet med god repeterbarhet. Vidare arbete finns gällande tätning, då ett visst läckage finns i testkammaren vilket ger ett systematiskt fel i fläktkurvorna vid låga flöden där maximalt statiskt tryck inte kan uppnås. / This undergraduate thesis has been carried out at RotoSub AB in Linköping, Sweden. RotoSub develop innovative solutions for noise-reduction in fans. RotoSub are also development partners to the Austrian company Noctua, who design and develop fans and processor coolers for the electronics industry. During the thesis a compact airflow test chamber has been designed and constructed. The test chamber utilises a high-resolution load to measure and create a fan curve. The high-resolution load ensures that a large amount of operating points can be measured, which gives RotoSub the opportunity to closely analyse the characteristics of the fan being tested. In this thesis two different methods of measuring the airflow through the test chamber have been studied. Firstly a method of using nozzles to calculate the flow according to the standard ANSI/AMCA 210-16. Secondly the use of hot-wire anemometry to measure the airflow through the test chamber. Methods of measuring static pressure behind the test fan with high accuracy and stable readings have also been studied. Different high-resolution loads have been studied to ensure high repeatability and reliability. During the development phase, prototypes of the different components were created to allow for testing and evaluation before a final design was chosen. After the designs for each component was decided, the final design was modelled in CAD before being fabricated and constructed. The construction mostly utilises styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) but with certain components made from polylactic acid (PLA) and aluminium. Pressure readings are taken behind the fan being tested using static ports placed on the outside of a hollow diffuser, mounted on the inlet of the test chamber. The hollow diffuser is filled with foam to stabilise the pressure readings. The chosen method of measuring airflow through the test chamber was hot-wire anemometry for its broad measurement range, high accuracy and simplicity in implementation. The design of the high-resolution load was chosen to be a rotating gate with two ports. As the gate rotates these ports openor close. The rotating gate is driven by a stepper-motor. This design allowed for very fine control at high loads and ensures reliable operation with a minimal amount of moving parts. Tests with the finished test chamber have shown that the test chamber is capable of measuring and creating high-resolution fan curves with high repeatability. However the test chamber cannot measure static pressure at zero flow as there are currently leaks within the test chamber that allows a small amount of flow through the chamber when the variable load is fully closed. This leads to a systematic error when creatingfan curves, mainly at lower flow rates and higher static pressures. Further work with this test chamber is needed to reduce leaks, which would improve measurement precision.

The main aim of this thesis is design air-conditioning system and optimization of indoor climate by solar shading. In theoretical part I focused on dividing and description off different types of solar shading. In the next part I designed suitable air-conditioning system for the open space office. The last part is first concentrating on the simulation of the indoor climate in software BSim2014. And then on evaulation of the appropriate solar shading system, whick I can use in the building.

No description available.

This study investigates the individual experience of viewing fan art and creative works within fandom, as well as the community’s potential to be a place for learning or to develop creative skills. I approach the fandom of Final Fantasy XIV, a massive multiplayer online game, on the online platform Tumblr, asking for fans’ experience with creative content and community connections. Through inspiration by Henry Jenkins, Olga Goriunova, Kristina Busse, and others, we learn the intricacies of what criteria defines communities, their adaptation to the expansion of the internet and how art has previously been used through online connections. What it is like to be an artist in a space so full of the influx of viewer opinions, other artists and their works, and the invisible ideals created by the communities. Fandom and online community studies are currently an expanding area of interest within the humanities with much still to learn. This study provides a picture of what fandom looks like from the perspective of the fans who actively participate in the culture. Fans find fan art and creative works within fandom to be more personal, inspiring, and a way to find likeminded individuals to connect with. At the same time fans are very aware of the issues fan art and the fandom has, both in terms of ethical and political questions. I believe this study sets up the potential to consider a multitude of future studies that can provide to a better understanding of the fandom culture and visual arts that occur online.