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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Aplicação da técnica LOD em métodos no domínio do tempo e freqüência para modelagem de meios convencionais e metamateriais / Application of LOD technique in time and frequency domain methods for modelling conventional and metamaterial media

Nascimento, Valtemir Emerencio do 19 October 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de métodos numéricos eficientes, tanto no domínio do tempo quanto na freqüência, para a modelagem da propagação de ondas em estruturas que apresentem combinações de meios convencionais e/ou metamateriais, particularmente os metamateriais onde tanto a permissividade quanto a permeabilidade são simultaneamente negativos. Em alguns casos à simulação de tais estruturas representa um grande desafio em virtude da grande demanda computacional requerida. Uma forma eficiente de se contornar este problema é a utilização de técnicas de divisão de operador, com destaque para a técnica implícita das direções alternadas (ADI), já amplamente explorada nos domínios do tempo e da freqüência, e mais recentemente a técnica localmente unidimensional (LOD). A técnica LOD é utilizada com destaque neste trabalho, onde pela primeira vez esta foi empregada em um método de propagação de feixe de ângulo largo em diferenças finitas no domínio da freqüência, o qual foi denominado por LOD FD-BPM. O passo seguinte foi estender sua aplicação para o domínio do tempo, sendo a primeira abordagem empregada em um método de propagação de onda em diferenças finitas no domínio do tempo, denominado por LOD TD-WPM. Em seguida, a técnica LOD foi aplicada ao método FDTD resultando em um formalismo implícito, denominado LOD-FDTD, o qual apresenta uma maior eficiência computacional do que o tradicional ADI-FDTD. Estas abordagens apresentaram uma excelente eficiência computacional em virtude da possibilidade de utilização de passos de tempos maiores do que o permitido pela condição de estabilidade de Courant-Friedrich-Levy (CFL), além de serem incondicionalmente estáveis como conseqüência da aplicação do esquema de Crank-Nicolson (CN). A restrição do método LOD-FDTD, referente à sua precisão de apenas primeira ordem no tempo, foi contornada com o uso do esquema de divisão de operadores conhecido como Strang splitting (SS), resultando no método de segunda ordem no tempo LOD-FDTD-SS. Os métodos FDTD, ADI-FDTD, LOD-FDTD e LOD-FDTD-SS foram também implementados com base no modelo de Drude com perdas, possibilitando, assim, uma modelagem adequada de meios metamateriais. Outra contribuição importante deste trabalho foi à implementação da condição de contorno split PML no formalismo LOD-FDTD para a simulação de problemas eletromagnéticos abertos. / This work focuses on developing efficient numerical methods, both in time and frequency domains, for modeling wave propagation in structures that present conventional media and/or metamaterial media combinations, particularly the metamaterials where both permeability and permittivity are simultaneously negative. In some cases, the simulation of such structures represent a great challenge, due to the great computational requirements. An efficient way of solving this problem is the usage of operator splitting techniques, specifically the alternate direction implicit (ADI) technique, already explored both in time and frequency domains, and recently the locally one-dimensional (LOD) . This work dedicates special attention to the LOD technique, where, for the first time, this one was applied in a finite difference frequency domain wide-angle propagation method, which was denominated LOD FD-BPM. The next step was to extend its application to the time domain, the first approach was used in a finite difference time domain wave propagation method, denominated LOD TD-WPM. Next, the LOD technique was applied to the FDTD method, resulting in an implicit formalism, denominated LOD-FDTD, which presents a better computational efficiency than the traditional ADI-FDTD. These approaches present an excellent computational efficiency, due to the possibility of using greater time steps than those permitted by the Courant-Friedrich-Levy (CFL) stability condition, being unconditionally stable as a consequence of applying the Crank-Nicolson (CN) scheme as well. The LOD-FDTD method restriction, referring to its first order accuracy in time, was circumvented by using the operator division scheme known as Strang splitting (SS), resulting in a second order time method LOD-FDTD-SS. The FDTD, ADI-FDTD, LOD-FDTD and LOD-FDTD-SS methods were also implemented with a lossy Drude model, making, this way, possible an adequate metamaterial media modeling. Another important contribution of this work was the implementation of the split PML contour condition in the LOD-FDTD formalism for the simulation of open electromagnetic problems.
82

Um método para modelagem numérica plena da dispersão elétrica do solo usando aproximadores de padé e o método das diferenças finitas no domínio do tempo

NASCIMENTO, Júlio Antônio Salheb do 29 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by camilla martins (camillasmmartins@gmail.com) on 2017-03-28T11:55:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_MetodoModelagemNumerica.pdf: 7926563 bytes, checksum: c9cc3b2a11cac810ac516048be14a69c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-03-28T13:19:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_MetodoModelagemNumerica.pdf: 7926563 bytes, checksum: c9cc3b2a11cac810ac516048be14a69c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-28T13:19:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_MetodoModelagemNumerica.pdf: 7926563 bytes, checksum: c9cc3b2a11cac810ac516048be14a69c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Nesta Dissertação, é desenvolvido e implementado em software um método para modelagem da dispersão elétrica do solo através do método das diferenças nitas no domínio do tempo (FDTD). A metodologia é baseada na aplicação de aproximadores de Padé no domínio da frequência, de forma a representar a dependência espectral tanto da condutividade quanto da permissividade elétrica. As equações no domínio do tempo são obtidas através de simples manipulações algébricas e transformadas inversas de Fourier. Resultados obtidos experimentalmente em sistemas de aterramento solicitados por descargas atmosféricas articialmente produzidas são comparados aos resultados numéricos obtidos através do método proposto. Excelente concordância entre os sinais transitórios é observada. / In this dissertation, it is developed and implemented a numerical method for modeling the soil electrical dispersion using the Finite-Dierence Time-Domain method (FDTD). The methodology is based on the application of Padé approximants in frequency domain, in such a way to represent the spectral dependency of soil's conductivity and electrical permittivity. The time domain equations are obtained using simple algebraic operations and inverse Fourier transforms. Experimental results for grounding systems subjected to articial lightning pulses are compared with numerical results obtained using the proposed method. It was observed an excellent agreement between the corresponding transient signals.
83

Modélisation en domaine temporel de la propagation acoustique

Ehrhardt, Loïc 11 March 2013 (has links)
La propagation acoustique en milieu externe est fortement influencée par l'environnement. Les effets liés à la géométrie, comme la topographie ou la présence d'obstacles, sont principalement les réflexions et les diffractions. Concernant l'effet de l'atmosphère, les gradients moyens génèrent des réfractions tandis que la turbulence provoque des fluctuations aléatoires et une perte de cohérence du signal. La plupart de ces effets sont généralement bien décrits de manière théorique, cependant dans les configurations réelles le cumul de tous ces effets rend l'utilisation des expressions analytiques très difficile. Les études expérimentales présentent également des limites liées à la difficulté de connaître l'environnement parfaitement et d'isoler un effet physique particulier. Dans cette perspective, la simulation numérique est une alternative pratique et complémentaire à la théorie et l'expérimentation. Parmi les modèles numériques de propagation existants, ceux basés sur une résolution par différences finies dans le domaine temporel (FDTD pour Finite-Difference Time-Domain) des équations d'Euler linéarisées sont récents et particulièrement prometteurs. Cependant comme pour tout modèle nouveau, il reste à montrer qu'effectivement l'ensemble des phénomènes physiques d'intérêt sont retranscrits.Dans le cadre de ses études sur la propagation acoustique extérieure, l’Institut franco-allemand de recherches de Saint-Louis (ISL) a implémenté un tel modèle de propagation. Cette implémentation est ci-après appelée ITM, pour ISL FDTD Model. L'objectif de cette thèse, proposée par l'ISL en collaboration avec le Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique (LMFA), est de poursuivre le développement et les validations de cette implémentation. Une part importante du travail consiste également à illustrer les potentialités du code ITM pour des applications de propagation de signaux acoustiques complexes dans un environnement complexe. [...] / Outdoor sound propagation is strongly influenced by the environment. The geometry, such as topography and the presence of obstacles, alters the sound through reflexions and diffractions. Regarding atmosphere-related effects, the mean gradients produce refractions while turbulence cause random fluctuations and signal coherence loss. Most of those effects are generally well described theoretically. Still, in real configurations, the accumulation of those effects makes the use of analytical expressions difficult. Experimental studies are also limited because of difficulties in perfectly determining the environment or in separating a precise physical effect. In that perspective, numerical simulation is a convenient and complementary alternative approach to theory and experimentation. Among the existing numerical propagation models, those based on a Finite-Difference resolution in the Time-Domain (FDTD) of the linearized Euler equations are recent and particularly promising. However as for every new model, it remains to show that indeed the physical phenomena of interest are reproduced. In the framework of its studies on outdoor sound propagation, the french-german research Institute of Saint-Louis (ISL) has implemented such a propagation model. This implementation is hereafter called ITM, for ISL FDTD Model. The objectives of the thesis, proposed by ISL in collaboration with the Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics (LMFA), are to pursue the developments and validations of this implementation. An important part of the work is also given on the illustration of the potentialitiesof the ITM code in propagating complex acoustic signals in complex environments. […]
84

Aplicação da técnica LOD em métodos no domínio do tempo e freqüência para modelagem de meios convencionais e metamateriais / Application of LOD technique in time and frequency domain methods for modelling conventional and metamaterial media

Valtemir Emerencio do Nascimento 19 October 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de métodos numéricos eficientes, tanto no domínio do tempo quanto na freqüência, para a modelagem da propagação de ondas em estruturas que apresentem combinações de meios convencionais e/ou metamateriais, particularmente os metamateriais onde tanto a permissividade quanto a permeabilidade são simultaneamente negativos. Em alguns casos à simulação de tais estruturas representa um grande desafio em virtude da grande demanda computacional requerida. Uma forma eficiente de se contornar este problema é a utilização de técnicas de divisão de operador, com destaque para a técnica implícita das direções alternadas (ADI), já amplamente explorada nos domínios do tempo e da freqüência, e mais recentemente a técnica localmente unidimensional (LOD). A técnica LOD é utilizada com destaque neste trabalho, onde pela primeira vez esta foi empregada em um método de propagação de feixe de ângulo largo em diferenças finitas no domínio da freqüência, o qual foi denominado por LOD FD-BPM. O passo seguinte foi estender sua aplicação para o domínio do tempo, sendo a primeira abordagem empregada em um método de propagação de onda em diferenças finitas no domínio do tempo, denominado por LOD TD-WPM. Em seguida, a técnica LOD foi aplicada ao método FDTD resultando em um formalismo implícito, denominado LOD-FDTD, o qual apresenta uma maior eficiência computacional do que o tradicional ADI-FDTD. Estas abordagens apresentaram uma excelente eficiência computacional em virtude da possibilidade de utilização de passos de tempos maiores do que o permitido pela condição de estabilidade de Courant-Friedrich-Levy (CFL), além de serem incondicionalmente estáveis como conseqüência da aplicação do esquema de Crank-Nicolson (CN). A restrição do método LOD-FDTD, referente à sua precisão de apenas primeira ordem no tempo, foi contornada com o uso do esquema de divisão de operadores conhecido como Strang splitting (SS), resultando no método de segunda ordem no tempo LOD-FDTD-SS. Os métodos FDTD, ADI-FDTD, LOD-FDTD e LOD-FDTD-SS foram também implementados com base no modelo de Drude com perdas, possibilitando, assim, uma modelagem adequada de meios metamateriais. Outra contribuição importante deste trabalho foi à implementação da condição de contorno split PML no formalismo LOD-FDTD para a simulação de problemas eletromagnéticos abertos. / This work focuses on developing efficient numerical methods, both in time and frequency domains, for modeling wave propagation in structures that present conventional media and/or metamaterial media combinations, particularly the metamaterials where both permeability and permittivity are simultaneously negative. In some cases, the simulation of such structures represent a great challenge, due to the great computational requirements. An efficient way of solving this problem is the usage of operator splitting techniques, specifically the alternate direction implicit (ADI) technique, already explored both in time and frequency domains, and recently the locally one-dimensional (LOD) . This work dedicates special attention to the LOD technique, where, for the first time, this one was applied in a finite difference frequency domain wide-angle propagation method, which was denominated LOD FD-BPM. The next step was to extend its application to the time domain, the first approach was used in a finite difference time domain wave propagation method, denominated LOD TD-WPM. Next, the LOD technique was applied to the FDTD method, resulting in an implicit formalism, denominated LOD-FDTD, which presents a better computational efficiency than the traditional ADI-FDTD. These approaches present an excellent computational efficiency, due to the possibility of using greater time steps than those permitted by the Courant-Friedrich-Levy (CFL) stability condition, being unconditionally stable as a consequence of applying the Crank-Nicolson (CN) scheme as well. The LOD-FDTD method restriction, referring to its first order accuracy in time, was circumvented by using the operator division scheme known as Strang splitting (SS), resulting in a second order time method LOD-FDTD-SS. The FDTD, ADI-FDTD, LOD-FDTD and LOD-FDTD-SS methods were also implemented with a lossy Drude model, making, this way, possible an adequate metamaterial media modeling. Another important contribution of this work was the implementation of the split PML contour condition in the LOD-FDTD formalism for the simulation of open electromagnetic problems.
85

Plazmonické rezonanční antény / Plasmonic Resonant Antennas

Břínek, Lukáš January 2008 (has links)
Tato diplomová práce se zabývala plazmonickými anténami pro infračervenou oblast spektra elektromagnetického záření. K hledání zesílení pole bylo použito FDTD (Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method) simulací. Podle očekávání, byla shledána lineární závislost rezonanční vlnové délky na délce raménka platinové antény na křemíkovém povrchu. Diplomová práce se také zabývala výrobou antén pomocí fokusovaného iontového svazku (FIB) a následným měřením rezonančních vlastností pomocí mikroskopické metody FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). Posun rezonanční vlnové délky byla registrována pouze pro negativní antény. Nakonec se tato práce zabývala vysvětlením saturace křivky závislosti rezonanční vlnové délky na rozměru raménka platinové antény na substrátu ze SRONu (silicon-rich oxynitride).
86

Application of Plasmon Polaritons in Nanophotonics / Application of Plasmon Polaritons in Nanophotonics

Břínek, Lukáš January 2015 (has links)
Práce pojednává o vlastnostech plazmonických antén v infračervené a viditelné oblasti. Práce zahrnuje výrobu, měření a numerické modelování optických vlastností antén. Infračervené plazmonické antény na absorbujícím substrátu (SRON) jsou studovány pro jejich rezonanční a absorpční vlastnosti. Byla nalezena geometrie antény, která poskytuje maximální účinnost absorpce ve SRON vrstvě. Dále je studována možnost zesílení daného vibračního módu substrátu (obsahujícího 3-4 materiálové rezonance) pomocí plazmonické rezonance antény. Nakonec jsou prezentována měření katodoluminiscenčních spekter antén ve viditelném spektru.
87

Intégration de nanostructures plasmoniques au sein de dispositifs photovoltaïques organiques : étude numérique et expérimentale.

Vedraine, Sylvain 26 October 2012 (has links)
Les cellules solaires en couches minces permettent de produire de l'énergie à bas-coût et sans émission de gaz à effet de serre. Dans le but de réaliser des dispositifs toujours plus performants, nous étudions l'impact de l'intégration de nanostructures métalliques (NSs) au sein de cellules solaires organiques (CSO). Ces NSs peuvent alors générer des effets diffusifs et des résonances issues de plasmons de surface. A l'aide d'un modèle numérique FDTD, nous démontrons que l'ingénierie plasmonique peut servir à augmenter l'absorption dans le matériau photoactif tout en limitant l'énergie perdue sous forme de chaleur dans les NSs. L'influence de paramètres opto-géométriques de structures associant matériaux organiques et effets plasmoniques est étudiée (diamètre, position des particules dans la couche et période du réseau de particules sphériques). Expérimentalement, des NSs d'argent ont été réalisées par évaporation sous vide puis intégrées dans des couches organiques. Nous avons mesuré une exaltation de l'absorption optique dans la gamme spectrale utile à la photo-conversion. Trois architectures différentes de CSO plasmonique ont été fabriquées et caractérisées par MEB, TEM et ToF-SIMS, puis modélisées, permettant d'identifier des verrous technologiques et de proposer des pistes d'amélioration. Nous avons aussi intégré des NSs au sein d'un empilement transparent et conducteur de type oxyde/métal/oxyde, dans le but de remplacer l'électrode classique en oxyde d'indium et d'étain d'une CSO. Le rôle de chaque couche de l'empilement sur le comportement optique de l'électrode est discuté. Les épaisseurs des couches d'une électrode de type ZnO/Ag/ZnO ont été optimisées. / Thin-film solar cells are able to produce low-cost energy without greenhouse gas emissions. In order to increase devices performance, we investigate the impact of metallic nanostructures (NSs) integrated in organic solar cells (OSC). These NSs can generate scattering effects and surface plasmon resonances. Using FDTD modeling, we demonstrate that plasmon engineering can be used to increase light absorption in a photoactive material while minimizing the energy lost as heat in the NSs. The influence of opto-geometrical parameters of plasmonic structures in organic material is investigated (diameter, position of particles in the layer and period of spherical particles array). Experimentally, silver NSs are deposited by evaporation and incorporated into an organic layer. We measured an optical absorption enhancement in the spectral range useful for photo-conversion. Three different architectures of plasmonic OSC are fabricated and characterized by SEM, TEM and ToF-SIMS, then modeled, allowing us to identify some technological obstacles and to propose possible improvements. We also integrated NSs inside a transparent and conductive multilayer stack composed of oxide/metal/oxide, in the aim of replacing the traditional indium tin oxide electrode of a OSC. The role of each layer of the stack on the electrode optical behavior is discussed. Layers thicknesses of a ZnO/Ag/ZnO electrode were optimized.
88

Simulation, réalisation et caractérisation de jonction p+n en SiC-4H, pour la photodétection de rayonnement UV

Biondo, Stéphane 11 January 2012 (has links)
Le SiC est un matériau semi-conducteur à large bande d'énergie interdite dont les très bonnes caractéristiques électriques et thermiques en font un candidat idéal pour la fabrication de composants dans le domaine de la puissance et des détecteurs de rayonnement. En particulier, la réalisation de détecteurs UV est très attendue dans les domaines suivants : détection d'incendies, imagerie de surface, astronomie, médecine, militaire… Les photodétecteurs à base de semiconducteurs à large bande interdite permettent d'obtenir une très bonne sélectivité dans l'UV, sans avoir à utiliser de filtres optiques. Le SiC semble être le matériau le plus prometteur, grâce à sa bonne stabilité chimique, mécanique et thermique, ce qui représente un avantage pour opérer en environnement extrême. Cependant le dopage du SiC nécessite un savoir-faire très particulier (implantation à chaud, recuit à haute température, forte dynamique de chauffe…). Nous nous sommes proposés dans un premier temps de réaliser par implantation (ionique et plasma) des composants tests, permettant d'accéder aux caractéristiques des jonctions. Le cas des jonctions implantées n+p et p+n a été étudié. Après l'optimisation des paramètres technologiques de l'implantation et du recuit associé, la fabrication de détecteurs de rayonnement basés sur la diode Schottky ou la diode p.n a été mise en œuvre. Une étape de simulation de ces composants a été effectuée sur le logiciel Sentaurus Device (Synopsys). Les caractérisations de ces détecteurs ont montré une meilleure sensibilité pour les diodes implantées Bore par plasma. / Silicon carbide is a wide band-gap semiconductor with electrical and thermal characteristics particularly suitable for high power devices and radiation sensors. The realisation of UV detectors is mainly useful in the following sectors: fire detection, surface imagery, astronomy, medicine, military... The photodetectors based on wide band-gap semiconductors allow to get a very good selectivity, without using optical filters. Silicon carbide seems to be the most promising material, due to its chemical, mechanical and thermal stability, inducing a reliable behaviour in extreme environment. However SiC doping requires a distinct know-how (hot ion implantation, high temperature annealing, rapid heating-rate…). Test devices have been firstly processed by using ion implantation and plasma, allowing evaluating p+n or n+p junction characteristics. After the optimisation of the technological parameters of implantation and related annealing, the realisation of radiation detectors based on Schottky or p.n diodes has been carried out. The electrical simulations of such devices were performed with Sentaurus Devices program (Synopsys). The characteristics of the devices proved an improvement with the Boron-plasma implantation.
89

Élaboration par projection plasma d'un revêtement bicouche d'alumine réfléchissant et diffusant. Contribution à la compréhension des phénomènes interaction rayonnement/matière / Manufacturing of a reflecting and scattering bilayer in alumina by plasma spraying process. Contribution to the understanding of interaction radiation/matter

Marthe, Jimmy 20 December 2013 (has links)
Ces travaux de thèse sont consacrés à l'élaboration de revêtement réfléchissant et diffusant par projection plasma d'arc soufflé. Par la sélection des paramètres opératoires et le contrôle de la microstructure des revêtements élaborés, la première partie de cette étude présente la mise en forme d'un revêtement bicouche (micro/nano-structuré) d'alumine possédant une réflectance supérieure à 90% sur la gamme UV-Visible. Le transfert nécessaire à la démonstration pour démontrer la faisabilité d'élaboration de pièces de plus grandes dimensions (0.25 m2) a été entrepris. Dans une seconde partie et à partir de l'exploration de la microstructure des revêtements et de leur physicochimie, l'amélioration de la réflectance dans le proche UV par la couche nanostructurée est explicitée d'une part par la nature de la phase cristallographique moins absorbante et d'autre part par la présence en nombre de pores de faibles dimensions. De plus, la caractérisation des propriétés radiatives des revêtements par inversion de l'Equation du Transfert Radiatif a permis d'obtenir des éléments de compréhension des phénomènes d'interaction rayonnement/matière. Enfin, une dernière partie a pour objectif de mettre en place les différents éléments nécessaires à la prédiction des propriétés optiques de revêtements mis en forme par projection plasma. Un modèle tridimensionnel a été proposé pour représenter numériquement la structure de chacune des couches micro- et nanostructurée à partir des analyses microstructurales. Le code de résolution des équations de Maxwell par méthode FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) a été validé et de premières simulations ont été réalisées / This study deals with the manufacturing of reflecting and scattering coatings by plasma spraying process. By the selection of operating parameters and the control of the coatings microstructure, the first part of this work presents the elaboration of a micro/nanostructured bilayer material in alumina with a reflectance up to 90 % in the near UV-Visible range of wavelength. The feasibility of larger pieces (0.25m2) is demonstrated and the different characterizations for inserting the material in the Laser MegaJoule are performed. In a second part, from characterizations of the microstructure (by SEM, Hg Porosimetry, USAXS) and the chemical composition (DRX, X fluorescence), the improvement of the reflectance in the near-UV thanks to the nanostructured layer is explained, on the one hand, by the less absorbing crystallographic phase and, on the other hand, by the smaller and numerous pores. Moreover, the characterization of the radiation properties by the Radiation Transfer Equation inversion brings new elements for understanding the phenomena during radiation/porous media interaction and to determine the spatial repartition of the scattering radiation. The aim of the last part is to set up the different tools which are necessary to compute simulations of plasma-sprayed coatings optical behavior. From the microstructure analysis, a tridimensional numerical representation of each layer is suggested. The resolution of Maxwell equations is performed by FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) method. The model is validated and some first simulations are realized
90

Nanostructures plasmoniques de type coeur-coquille métal-diélectrique pour cellules photovoltaïques organiques / Core-shell metal-dielectric plasmonic nanostructures for organic photovoltaic cells

N'Konou, Kokou Kekeli David 18 April 2018 (has links)
L'une des approches pour améliorer les performances des cellules solaires organiques, sans augmenter l'épaisseur de la couche photoactive, consiste à incorporer des nanoparticules (NPs) métalliques dans cette couche ou à proximité pour bénéficier de la diffusion de la lumière incidente ou de résonances de plasmons de surface localisés. Cependant, ces NPs métalliques peuvent engendrer des recombinaisons des porteurs de charges électriques, créer des court-circuits ou favoriser l'extinction des excitons au contact du métal. Une solution est alors de protéger ces NPs métalliques par un revêtement diélectrique (coquille ou couche fine). L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier l'influence de nanostructures de type cœur–coquille (métal-diélectrique) sur les performances optiques et photoélectriques de cellules solaires organiques, à l'aide de modélisations numériques et de réalisations expérimentales. Dans un premier temps, une étude numérique prédictive, basée sur une modélisation par méthode FDTD, nous a permis d'analyser l'influence de paramètres architecturaux et opto-géométriques sur les propriétés optiques de cellules solaires plasmoniques. Par la suite, nous avons synthétisé et caractérisé des nanosphères (NSs) avec un cœur métallique en argent ou en or recouverts d'une fine coquille de silice. L'incorporation de NSs Ag@SiO2 synthétisées (voie humide) ou de NPs Ag/SiO2 déposées par évaporation (voie sèche) dans des cellules solaires à architecture inverse ont permis d'augmenter le photocourant de 12% ou de 18% respectivement par rapport à la cellule de référence (sans NSs). / One of the approaches to improve the organic solar cells performance without increasing the thickness of the photoactive layer is to incorporate metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in this layer or in its proximity to have benefited from light scattering or localized surface plasmon resonance effects. However, these NPs can generate charge carriers recombination, short circuits or exciton quenching due to the contact with the metal. A solution is then to coat these MNPs with a dielectric (thin shell or layer) to protect them. The objective of this thesis is to study the influence of metal­dielectric core­shell nanostructures on the optical and photoelectric performances of organic solar cells, by using numerical modeling and experiments. First, a predictive numerical analysis by FDTD modeling allowed us to optimize the influence of architectural and optogeometric parameters on optical properties of plasmonic organic solar cells. Silver or gold core nanospheres (NSs) coated with a thin silica shell were synthesized and characterized. Finally, the integration of chemically synthesized Ag@SiO 2 NSs (wet process) or Ag/SiO 2 NPs deposited by evaporation (dry process) in inverted organic solar cells has increased the photocurrent by 12% or 18%, respectively, compared to the reference cell(without NSs).

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