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21	The harmonisation of good faith and ubuntu in the South African common law of contract Du Plessis, Hanri Magdalena 11 1900 (has links) The legal historical development of fairness in the South African common law of contract is investigated in the context of the political, social and economic developments of the last four centuries. It emerges that the common law of contract is still dominated by the ideologies of individualism and economic liberalism which were imported from English law during the nineteenth century. Together with the theories of legal positivism and formalism which are closely related to parliamentary sovereignty and the classical rule of law, these ideals were transposed into the common law of contract through the classical model of contract law which emphasises freedom and sanctity of contract and promotes legal certainty. This approach resulted in the negation of the court’s equitable discretion and the limitation of good faith which sustain the social and economic inequalities that were created under colonialism and exacerbated under apartheid rule. In stark contrast, the modern human rights culture grounded in human dignity and aimed at the promotion of substantive equality led to the introduction of modern contract theory in other parts of the world. The introduction of the Constitution as grounded in human dignity and aimed at the achievement of substantive equality has resulted in a sophisticated jurisprudence on human dignity that reflects a harmonisation between its Western conception as based on Kantian dignity and ubuntu which provides an African understanding thereof. In this respect, ubuntu plays an important role in infusing the common law of contract with African values and in promoting substantive equality between contracting parties in line with modern contract theory. It is submitted that this approach to human dignity should result in the development of good faith into a substantive rule of the common law of contract which can be used to set aside an unfair contract term or the unfair enforcement thereof. / Private Law / LL. D. Bona fides Classical law of contract Equality Contractual autonomy Equity Fairness Freedom Good faith Human dignity Human dignity as empowerment Human dignity as constraint Kantian ethics Modern theory of contract law Open norms Public policy Rule of law Sanctity of contracts Social justice and transformation Substantive equality Transformative constitutionalism Ubuntu 346.2068 Contracts -- South Africa -- Cases Ubuntu (Philosophy) Transitional justice -- South Africa Humanity -- South Africa
22	La protection des droits des créanciers dans les opérations de restructuration des sociétés / Protecting the rights of creditors in companies restructuring transactions. Boureima Soumana, Saadatou 10 December 2015 (has links) De nos jours, la restructuration est une réalité incontournable qui contribue audéveloppement et à la compétitivité des sociétés in bonis. En général, elle résulte d’une décisionprise par les dirigeants sociaux. Toutefois, sa réalisation peut contrevenir à l’exécution des droits descréanciers antérieurs des sociétés concernées par l’opération. Pour préserver leurs droits, cescréanciers disposent de nombreuses mesures de protection issues aussi bien du droit commun quedu droit spécial. L’identification du fondement de cette protection, à savoir la force obligatoire desengagements pris avant la restructuration de la société débitrice, permet de vérifier l’efficacité decette protection. / Restructuring is a reality that contributes to the development and competitiveness ofcompanies in bonuses. It usually results from a decision taken by the companies executives. Itsimplementation, however, may undermine the enforcement of former creditors’ rights by thecompanies involved in the transaction. To preserve their claims, those creditors have manysafeguards from both the common law and the special law. The identification of the basis of suchprotection, namely the binding commitments made before the restructuring of the debtorcompanies, enable the verification of this protection’s effectiveness. Restructuration Société Force obligatoire Créancier Protection Bonne foi Opposabilité Fraude Réparation Assujettissement Fusion Scission Apport partiel d'actif Opposition Inopposabilité Nullité Salariés Dirigeants sociaux Restructuring Companie Binding Creditor Protection Bona fides Encorceability Fraud Repair Subjugation Merger Partial business transfer Capital reduction non motivated by loses Opposition Unenforceability Nullity Employees Companies executives 340
23	The harmonisation of good faith and ubuntu in the South African common law of contract Du Plessis, Hanri Magdalena 12 February 2018 (has links) The legal historical development of fairness in the South African common law of contract is investigated in the context of the political, social and economic developments of the last four centuries. It emerges that the common law of contract is still dominated by the ideologies of individualism and economic liberalism which were imported from English law during the nineteenth century. Together with the theories of legal positivism and formalism which are closely related to parliamentary sovereignty and the classical rule of law, these ideals were transposed into the common law of contract through the classical model of contract law which emphasises freedom and sanctity of contract and promotes legal certainty. This approach resulted in the negation of the court’s equitable discretion and the limitation of good faith which sustain the social and economic inequalities that were created under colonialism and exacerbated under apartheid rule. In stark contrast, the modern human rights culture grounded in human dignity and aimed at the promotion of substantive equality led to the introduction of modern contract theory in other parts of the world. The introduction of the Constitution as grounded in human dignity and aimed at the achievement of substantive equality has resulted in a sophisticated jurisprudence on human dignity that reflects a harmonisation between its Western conception as based on Kantian dignity and ubuntu which provides an African understanding thereof. In this respect, ubuntu plays an important role in infusing the common law of contract with African values and in promoting substantive equality between contracting parties in line with modern contract theory. It is submitted that this approach to human dignity should result in the development of good faith into a substantive rule of the common law of contract which can be used to set aside an unfair contract term or the unfair enforcement thereof. / Private Law / LL. D. Bona fides Classical law of contract Contractual autonomy Equality Equity Fairness Freedom Good faith Human dignity Human dignity as empowerment Human dignity as constraint Kantian ethics Modern theory of contract law Open norms Public policy Rule of law Sanctity of contracts Social justice and transformation Substantive equality Transformative constitutionalism Ubuntu 346.22068 Contracts -- South Africa Common law -- South Africa Good faith (Law) -- South Africa Equality before the law -- South Africa Law -- South Africa -- History Constitutional law -- South Africa Ubuntu (Philosophy)

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