Den privatekonomiska situationen för många svenskar, särskilt unga, har försämrats de senaste åren. Skolan har ett fostrande uppdrag och samhällskunskapsämnet ämnar skapa ”förutsättningar för ett aktivt deltagande i samhällslivet” (Skolverket, 2011, s. 143). Hur väl förbereds eleverna för det kommande privatekonomiska samhällslivet? Denna uppsats undersöker relationen mellan ämnesplanen, undervisningen i privatekonomi och det samhället som eleverna förbereds för, redogjort för av gymnasielärare och olika finansiella samhällsaktörer. Målet med uppsatsen är att belysa diskrepansen och begräsningarna i syfte och centralt innehåll i samhällskunskap och vilka förutsättningar eleverna får med sig ut i vuxenlivet. Studien bygger på 8 semistrukturerade intervjuer med gymnasielärare, Kronofogden, Konsument Uppsala och Nordea. Intervjuerna analyserades med Biestas dimensioner för god utbildning och ett eget ramverk för privatekonomiskt innehåll. Slutsatsen är att undervisningen, som redogjord för av lärarna, till följd av ämnesplanens begränsningar inte ger tillräckliga eller lika kunskaper och kompetenser för att kunna delta aktivt i samhällslivet.

Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена исследованию финансовой грамотности населения. Актуальность данной работы определяется тем, что вопрос повышения финансовой грамотности имеет большое значение для обеспечения роста личного благосостояния, борьбы с бедностью. Цель магистерской диссертации – оценка уровня финансовой грамотности населения на основании сочетания нескольких методов и определение направлений оптимизации структуры финансовых ресурсов домашних хозяйств. / The final qualification work (master's thesis) is devoted to the study of financial literacy of the population. The relevance of this work is determined by the fact that the issue of improving financial literacy is of great importance for ensuring the growth of personal well-being and fighting poverty. The purpose of the master's thesis is to assess the level of financial literacy of the population based on a combination of several methods and to determine the directions for optimizing the structure of financial resources of households.

Titel: Utmaningar för GreenTech-bolag vid extern kapitalanskaffning och den finansiella kompetensens påverkan: En kvalitativ studie om hur entreprenörer verksamma inom GreenTech agerar för att erhålla externt kapital.   Nyckelord: Finansiell kompetens, GreenTech, entreprenörer och finansiärer.   Problemformulering: Hur agerar små och medelstora GreenTech-företag för att erhålla externt kapital samt hur påverkar entreprenörernas finansiella kompetens möjligheterna till finansiering?   Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur GreenTech-företag agerar för att erhålla finansiering samt att utveckla förståelsen för sambandet mellan finansiärer, entreprenörer och entreprenörens finansiella kompetens.   Metod: I uppsatsen har en deduktiv forskningsansats använts som har kompletterats med en induktiv forskningsansats där nya teorier och slutsatser kan utvecklas baserat på de insamlade empiriska observationerna. Därmed fick en abduktiv forskningsansats tillämpas, med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. Den empiriska insamlingen består av insamlad data från kvalitativa intervjuer som sedan kategoriserats med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys där induktiv färgkodning användes.   Slutsats: Resultaten visar att finansiell kompetens påverkar möjligheterna att få extern finansiering, men det kan finnas en tröskelnivå där krav på grundläggande kompetens uppfylls. Det framkommer också att entreprenörerna inte upplever att de behöver visa sin finansiella kompetens för finansiärer. Vidare visar studien att det är svårt för GreenTech-företag att införskaffa extern finansiering på grund av svårigheter för finansiärer att förstå ny teknik och längre tidsramar för avkastning. Finansiell kompetens betraktas som en viktig men imiterbar resurs som kan bidra till värdeskapande och tillväxt för företagen. Dessutom visar resultaten att GreenTech-företag har svårt att få lånefinansiering från banker på grund av upplevda risker och långa kapitalbehov.   Sammantaget indikerar studien på behovet av att öka förståelsen för sambandet mellan finansiärer, entreprenörer och finansiell kompetens inom GreenTech-sektorn. / Title: Challenges for GreenTech companies in external capital acquisition and the impact of financial literacy: A qualitative study on how GreenTech entrepreneurs act to obtain external capital.   Keywords: Financial literacy, GreenTech, entrepreneurs and financiers.   Research question: How do small and medium-sized GreenTech companies act to obtain external capital, and how does entrepreneurs' financial competence affect the possibilities of financing?   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how GreenTech companies act to obtain financing and to develop an understanding of the relationship between financiers, entrepreneurs, and the entrepreneur's financial competence.   Methodology: The thesis adopts a deductive research approach, supplemented by an inductive research approach where new theories and conclusions can be developed based on the collected empirical observations. Thus, an abductive research approach was applied, using a qualitative research method. The empirical collection consists of gathered data from qualitative interviews, which were then categorized using a qualitative content analysis with the utilization of inductive color coding.   Conclusion: The results demonstrate that financial literacy influences the possibilities of obtaining external financing, but there may be a threshold level where requirements for basic competence are met. It is also evident that entrepreneurs do not perceive the need to demonstrate their financial competence to financiers. Furthermore, the study reveals that GreenTech companies face challenges in acquiring external financing due to financiers' difficulties in understanding new technologies and longer return timeframes. Financial literacy is considered an important yet imitable resource that can contribute to value creation and growth for these companies. Additionally, the results indicate that GreenTech companies struggle to secure loan financing from banks due to perceived risks and long capital needs. Overall, the study highlights the need to enhance the understanding of the relationship between financiers, entrepreneurs, and financial competence within the GreenTech sector.

Background: Technology can provide efficient and accessible solutions to manage private economy, taking into account user needs and experiences. People with disability are most likely to encounter challenges related to financial literacy and lack of access to their own money. The project God man i fickan in Sweden aims to develop an accessible application that supports people with difficulties handling their private economy. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate basic functions and interactions in a digital tool used by people who cannot manage their own economy without some kind of assistance. Method: Participatory design activities involving people with cognitive impairments were utilized. The qualitative data collection included discussions, storyboarding and an online design session. Due to Covid- 19 we had to modify one workshop for online environments. The collected data was analyzed with a content theme analysis which then was visualized and refined iteratively through wireframes and a lo-fi prototype. Results: The study revealed a number of user values, reflecting user needs, and a number of key features that should be supported by the application. A heuristic evaluation of the lo-fi prototype showed that using a provocative object engaged the participants in critical reflections and discussions. Discussion: By involving people with cognitive impairments in the design process through participatory design activities, the methodology used in this study allowed them to influence the design and application functionalities. / Bakgrund: Teknik kan bidra med effektiva och tillgängliga lösningar för att hantera privatekonomi, med hänsyn till användarens behov och erfarenheter. Personer med funktionsnedsättningar är den grupp som möter störst utmaningar relaterade till ekonomisk förståelse och bristande tillgång till sina egna pengar. Syftet med projektet God man i fickan är att utveckla en applikation som stödjer personer med svårigheter att hantera sin privatekonomi. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka grundläggande funktionalitet och interaktion i ett digitalt verktyg för personer som inte kan hantera sin ekonomi utan någon form av assistans. Metoder: För att genomföra studies syfte användes deltagande design aktiviteter med personer med kognitiva funktionsnedsättningar. Kvalitativa data samlades in genom diskussioner, storyboarding och en designsession. På grund av Covid-19 var vi tvungna att anpassa en workshop för miljöer online. Data som samlades in analyserades i olika teman som visualiserades och gradvis förfinades genom wireframes och en lo-fi prototyp. Resultat: Studien kunde urskilja ett antal användarvärden, som reflekterar användarbehov, och ett antal nyckelfunktioner som borde vara inkluderade i applikationen. En heuristisk utvärdering av lo-fi prototypen visade på att användningen av ett provokativt objekt engagerade användarna i kritiska reflektioner och diskussioner. Diskussion: Genom att involvera personer med kognitiva funktionsnedsättningar i designprocessen och i deltagande design aktiviteter kunde studie ge dessa personer ett inflytande över designen och applikationens funktionalitet.

Modern society has created more opportunities and risks, an example of which is the stock market. The stock market entails financial risk-taking when it comes to investments and it is a domain that has always been dominated by men. Despite the high presence of women in the labor market, there is an absence in the stock market. The reasons for women's absence can be several, where one reason may be that men are considered to thrive better in risky contexts than women.The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of how gender roles affect risk-taking, specifically with regard to investments in the stock market. This will be done through our questions at issue that include how men and women experience their financial actions and their risk-taking in investments and also if the experiences differ depending on gender roles. Previous research on the subject has shown results where gender roles have a decisive influence on how men and women act and relate to financial risk-taking. The study's theoretical framework is based on Anthony Gidden's risk theory, Ulrich Beck's conception of the risk society and Simone de Beauvoir's depiction of gender roles. The study was conducted through semi-structured qualitative interviews, to get more enriching information with room left for details. The conclusion of the study is that gender roles were irrelevant when it came to the respondents' actions in the stock market, except in terms of knowledge. The knowledge and risk assessment was clearly characterized by gender roles, as we found patterns where women had a higher level of knowledge than men, and where men have a more positive attitude to risk-taking than women. / Det moderna samhället har skapat fler möjligheter och risker, exempel på detta är börsmarknaden. Börsmarknaden medför ett finansiellt risktagande när det gäller investeringar och det är en domän som genom tiderna varit dominerad av män. Trots kvinnors höga närvaro på arbetsmarknaden, råder det en frånvaro på börsmarknaden. Anledningarna till kvinnors frånvaro kan vara flera, där en anledning kan vara att män anses trivas bättre i riskfyllda sammanhang än kvinnor. Syftet med denna studie är att få en förståelse för om risktagandet skiljer sig mellan studiens män och kvinnor beträffande investeringar inom börsmarknaden. Detta sker genom frågeställningar som innefattar hur män och kvinnor upplever sitt finansiella agerande och risktagandet inom investeringar samt om upplevelserna skiljer sig beroende på könsroller. Tidigare forskning om ämnet har visat resultat där könsroller har en avgörande påverkan om hur män och kvinnor agerar och förhåller sig till finansiellt risktagande. Studiens teoretiska ramverket grundas på Anthony Giddens riskteori, Ulrich Becks föreställning av risksamhället och Simone de Beauvoir skildring av könsroller. Studien är utförd genom semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer, för att få en mer berikande information med utrymme för detaljer. Slutsatsen av studien är att könsroller var irrelevant när det kom till respondenternas agerande på börsmarknaden, förutom när det gällde kunskapen. Kunskapen och riskbedömningen var tydligt präglad av könsroller, då vi fann mönster där kvinnorna hade en högre kunskap än männen, och där männen har en mer positiv attityd till risktagande än vad kvinnorna har.

This study investigates the influence of increased financial inclusion on entrepreneurship in South Africa, employing an interpretivist approach. It uses qualitative research on the personal experiences of consumers and entrepreneurs to establish the direct benefits and barriers of these changes. The research explores the experiences and perspectives of entrepreneurs regarding access to financial services, the role of financial inclusion in entrepreneurial growth, the impact of technology on financial inclusion, financial literacy, and awareness, as well as recommendations for policy and practice. Findings reveal that while there has been progress in enhancing financial access, challenges such as high bank charges, stringent documentation requirements, and limited financial literacy remain a problem, particularly among underserved populations. However, increased access to financial services has facilitated entrepreneurial activities, with entrepreneurs leveraging innovations like mobile banking and online payment systems. Policy implications suggest the need for targeted interventions to address barriers to financial inclusion and promote entrepreneurship, including simplifying banking processes, expanding financial literacy programs, and improving access to financing for new entrepreneurs and small businesses.  The findings offer valuable insights for economic agents, including consumers, financial firms, and policymakers, into fostering a more inclusive financial ecosystem that promotes entrepreneurial development and economic growth.

A current national concern is the low financial literacy of college students. College students are not receiving the financial knowledge necessary to be successful in today's fast paced economy. Due to an increasingly complex marketplace, college students need greater knowledge about their personal finances and the economy. The financial decisions made early in life create habits difficult to break and affect students' ability to become financially secure adults. Most recent studies show average personal financial scores declining with average scores close to a failing grade. The College Student Financial Literacy Survey (CSFLS) was created to collect data specifically for this study. The purpose of this descriptive, cross-sectional, on-line survey design study is three fold. First, I investigated the personal financial literacy (knowledge, attitudes and behavior) of a sample of undergraduate and graduate college students using the personal characteristics of gender, class rank, and socioeconomic status (SES). Second, I examined parental and peer influences on the level of financial literacy of college students. Finally, I examined how college students' financial knowledge and attitudes correlated with their financial behavior. The study found that financial knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores were low but that they significantly increased each year from freshman to masters. Further, students who were financially influenced by their parents had higher financial knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores. Finally, students with higher financial knowledge also had higher financial attitude and behavior scores. / Master of Science

This study investigates the relationship between financial literacy and financial risk tolerance among finance students at the University of Jayewardenepura in Sri Lanka, a  developing country. The research focuses on understanding how financial literacy influences financial risk tolerance within this specific student population. The majority of students exhibit similar levels of financial literacy and financial risk tolerance, with notable variations in financial knowledge compared to other dimensions of financial literacy such as financial attitude and financial behaviour. Correlation analysis reveals a strong positive relationship between financial literacy and financial risk tolerance, with financial knowledge showing a particularly strong association. Financial attitude and financial behaviour show moderate correlations with risk tolerance. Regression analysis indicates that financial attitude is the most influencing factor affecting financial risk tolerance.Furthermore, controlling variables like age, gender, and year of study does not significantly impact financial literacy levels among the participants. When comparing with previous studies, it shows that financial literacy and financial risk tolerance are crucial regardless of a country's development status and both types of nations showing a positive link between them. While developed countries often focus on gender's role in finance, developing onestend to minimize its significance by highlighting the need for strategies to enhance financialliteracy in each country. Thus, this study provides valuable understanding about thedynamics of financial literacy and risk tolerance among university students in Sri Lanka bycontributing to the existing literature on financial education and decision-making behaviours.

The rapid evolution of technology in the modern society have changed the preferences and customer needs in all markets. Industries have over the years moved further towards a more digitalized environment. This fact makes it necessary to study the changes of consumer needsfor companies to successfully convert their business models to fit into a modern era. Financial services are a great example of an industry that have moved from traditional to digital methods and an industry that society depends. Gamification is a growing marketing and learning tool that has been proven effective when it comes to increasing engagement, behaviour and literacythrough the use of game-like elements such as point systems, rewards and leaderboards. This study’s purpose is to expand on previous research to determine the preferences and customer needs that allows for gamification to be a successful tool to engage customers in Swedish financial services. This purpose of the study resulted in the following research question: “What factors influence consumer attitudes towards and acceptance of gamification solutions within the Swedish financial services?” To answers the research question previous research on Self-determination theory, flow theory and social cognitive theory regarding psychological and personal needs were used to reach 9reliable and measurable factors. A questionnaire was sent out with questions measuring these factors as well as four questions serving as dependent variables as a measure of how gamification increases engagement, brand loyalty, financial literacy and attitudes. A total of 97 responses were collected and analysed through multiple regressions to find the effects the factors had on the four dependent variables. The result of this study shows that psychological and personal factors such as Innovativeness, need for uniqueness, Competence, Relatedness, Goals & Feedback, Challenge and Outcome expectations have a significant positive effective influencing consumers attitudes and acceptance of gamified solutions within Swedish financial services. Factors such as autonomyand Observational learning & Self-efficacy were also found significant on their own towards the measured variables but found that in combination with other factors to not be of statistically significance.

In recent years, programs designed to promote financial literacy among lowincome populations have proliferated. However, such programs have largely been developed by small community-based organizations operating in isolation from one another. Most have been conducted in absence of guidance explaining how to ensure that the program meets the needs of the target audience. Very few studies have been able to link the program to subsequent increases in financial understanding or improvements in financial behaviors among participants. This thesis serves as a guidebook for community organizations that intend to provide financial literacy training to low-income audiences. The subject is introduced by offering a working definition of financial literacy, a brief overview of the state of financial literacy education in the United States, and a discussion of the importance of financial literacy. The political and social climates surrounding financial literacy are then discussed, followed by a summary of previous research studies that have found financial education to be effective. The subsequent chapters provide financial educators with practical guidance on the program's design, content, delivery, evaluation, and administration. The final chapter provides insights from the fields of economics and psychology. Supplemental resources for financial educators are found in the appendices.