The suitability of a plant-based transient expression system using the agro-infiltration technique was compared to an Escherichia coli (E. coli)-based expression system to produce the VP1 protein from Serotype O, South Korean strain, of the foot-and mouth disease virus (FMDV). The full-length VP1 coding sequence was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein and purified as a His-tagged VP1 fusion protein with a yield of 14 mg L-1 bacterial culture. For transient expression in tobacco, the VP1 coding sequence was cloned into binary vector pMYV497, containing a CTB (cholera toxin B subunit) signal peptide and SEKDEL ER retention signal, and transiently agro-infiltrated into non-transgenic N. benthamiana and transgenic N. tabacum plants constitutively expressing the rice cysteine protease inhibitor OC-I. A protein resembling VP1 was detected using immuno-blotting analysis in both N. benthamiana and OC-I N. tabacum plants seven days post agro-infiltration. Although a possible stabilizing effect on VP1 was found due to OC-I expression, protein yields were not significantly different between transformed OC-I and non-OC-I control plants. Also, simultaneous co-infiltration with a plasmid allowing additional transient OC-I expression did not significantly improve VP1 production. The average VP1 amount achieved in OC-I expressing plants was 0.75% of total soluble protein. Overall, this study has shown that transient VP1 expression in tobacco is possible, but requiring further optimization, and that OC-I might have a stabilizing effect against proteolytic degradation of VP1 during advanced stages of senescence in agro-infiltrated plants coinciding with peaks in protein expression. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Plant Science / unrestricted

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a viral disease endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, Asia and parts of Eastern Europe. It is a major constraint to international trade in livestock and livestock products in many African countries. In southern Africa, African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) are reservoirs of the South African Territories (SAT) 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3 FMD viruses, and cattle raised in the vicinity of wildlife conservation areas are at constant risk of becoming infected with FMD viruses. In Mozambique, control of FMD is fundamentally based on vaccination of cattle in zones around protected areas. However, the vaccination protocol recommended by the vaccine producer (two primary vaccinations followed by four- to six-monthly boosters) is logistically impractical and financially not suitable for most countries. As a result, the double primary vaccination is usually not implemented. A commercially available bivalent FMD vaccine, containing the SAT 1 and SAT 2 serotypes, was assessed for its ability to induce and sustain immunity in cattle for at least 6 months following a single primary inoculation. The study was conducted with cattle reared in Limpopo National Park (LNP), Mozambique, and adjacent areas. One hundred and seventy five seronegative cattle aged between 6 and 18 months were vaccinated and 42 others from the same areas were left unvaccinated, as controls. A group of 39 vaccinated cattle were revaccinated 4 months after initial vaccination and 63 others were revaccinated 6 months after initial vaccination. The vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle were bled at predefined intervals (at vaccination, and at 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months post vaccination) and sera were tested with a liquid phase blocking ELISA to measure the antibody level against FMD virus. A high proportion (73%) of vaccinated cattle had seroconverted (log10 titre ≥1.6 for any SAT serotype) at one month after vaccination with a single primary dose and there was no significant difference between the proportions of animals that seroconverted to SAT 1 compared to SAT 2. A higher proportion of animals within LNP (82%) than outside LNP (50%) had seroconverted at one month after vaccination (P = 0.001). Overall, however, only relatively few animals (27% for SAT 1, 35% for SAT 2 and 7% for SAT 3) had protective antibody titres (log10 titre ≥2). At 4 months after vaccination, a very low proportion (8.3%) of vaccinated cattle had antibody titres ≥1.6 to any of the SAT serotypes, and there was no significant difference between the proportions of animals with antibodies to SAT 1 (2.1%) compared to SAT 2 (7.3%) (P = 0.17). No cattle had a protective titre (≥2) to SAT 1 at 4 months and only 4.2% to SAT 2. The revaccination at 4 months after initial vaccination elicited antibody titres ≥1.6 in 22% of vaccinated animals at one month after revaccination; this rose two months later to 90% and remained high (91%) at 10 months post first vaccination before dropping to 65% at 12 months. However, only 15% of cattle had protective titres (≥2) to any of the SAT serotypes at 12 months. For cattle revaccinated at 6 months after first vaccination the percentage of cattle that had a titre ≥1.6 two months after revaccination was also high (80%), remained high (89%) at 10 months post first vaccination and dropped to 54% at 12 months after first vaccination. Only 11% of cattle had protective titres (≥2) at 12 months. The research findings indicate that, although the vaccine is able to induce production of antibodies against SAT 1 and 2 in a significant percentage of cattle within one month after a single primary vaccination, these antibodies are short lived and have largely disappeared by 4 months post vaccination. This suggests that a protocol of a single primary vaccination is inadequate in naïve animals, even if revaccination takes place four months later. Revaccination improved the immune response for a longer period, resulting in detectible titres in the majority of animals for 6-8 months post revaccination. This can be used in disease control programmes to ensure some protection of cattle particularly when it is applied immediately before identified high risk periods of occurrence of FMD outbreaks. However, it seems unlikely that six-monthly revaccination is sufficient to maintain adequate levels of protective immunity. The study highlighted several difficulties associated with the vaccination of livestock under field conditions and the conduction of field trials. These included difficulties with cold chain maintenance, poor infrastructure for animal handling, and loss of follow-up due to loss of animal identification or poor owner/herder compliance. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Production Animal Studies / unrestricted

The Ottawalk-Speed (OWS) orthosis prevents knee collapse in stumble situations. The purpose of this study was to develop a virtual stumble perturbation to measure OWS response to a knee collapse when walking. A new split speed perturbation was developed for the CAREN virtual reality system. This perturbation induced a stumble with increased knee flexion for five able-bodied participants, with either a hopping or stopping recovery strategy. Three knee-ankle-foot orthosis users were subjected to five stumble trials while wearing the OWS. OWS participants used a straight-legged recovery strategy, and extended the knee through recovery weight acceptance. Therefore, the split speed perturbation was not appropriate to measure OWS response to a stumble since knee collapse did not occur. The OWS allowed free knee motion during gait. Further study is required to measure OWS response during a stumble with a knee collapse event.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-18T14:21:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mozania Reis de Matos.pdf: 2867660 bytes, checksum: ba235c77e42996f7aa6a0a4de5a2c5cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-18T14:21:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mozania Reis de Matos.pdf: 2867660 bytes, checksum: ba235c77e42996f7aa6a0a4de5a2c5cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-03 / In practical prevention , the instruments that extend self-care are welcome. Added to this the stimulus promotion, health education and the interdisciplinary care. The Patient Interpretation of Neuropaty (PIN), is a questionnaire of Interpretation of neuropathy by patient, developed and validated in the USA and in England (UK). By means of this instrument, the patient makes the self-evaluation of your foot and health care to be carried out with it, aiming at the prevention of ulcer diabetic foot. Thus, the aim of the present study is to translate and validate the questionnaire of interpretation of neuropathy for the Portuguese and assess the degree of understanding of the patients on the questions of (PIN). Participated in this study 100 patients at the outpatient clinic of foot insensitive of the Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Sao Paulo. Were used parametric and non-parametric tests in the analysis of data.The values obtainedwith the BrazilianversionPINare verysimilar to the valuesof the original versions, theUSAandtheUK.We think it isa valuabletool providingthe patientobserveneuropathicchangesthat increase the risk of ulcers on the feet. The questionnairetranslated and validatedfor the Portuguese language, soit seemsto be a reliableandapplicabletool to evaluate theself-careof the patientat the same timethat allows thehealthcare professionalto designeffective measuresforprevention ofdiabetic footulcer, resulting in a betterprognosisandquality of life ofdiabetes patientswithND. / Nas práticas de prevenção, os instrumentos que ampliem o autocuidado são bem vindos. Soma-se a isto o estimulo a promoção, a educação em saúde e o atendimento interdisciplinar. O PatientInterpretationofNeuropaty (PIN), é um questionário de Interpretação da Neuropatia pelo Paciente, desenvolvido e validado nos USA e na Inglaterra(UK). Por meio deste instrumento o paciente faz a auto avaliação do seu pé e dos cuidados de saúde a serem realizados com ele, visando à prevenção da úlcera de pé diabético. Sendo assim o presente estudo tem como objetivo traduzir e validar o questionário de interpretação da neuropatia para o português e avaliar o grau de compreensão dos pacientes sobre as indagações do (PIN). Participaram deste estudo 100 pacientes do ambulatório de pé insensível do Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram usados testes paramétricos e não paramétricos na análise de dados. Os valores obtidos com a versão Brasileira do PIN são muito semelhantes aos valores das versões originais, dos USA e da U.K. Julgamos ser um instrumento valioso que propicia ao paciente observar alterações neuropáticas que aumentam o risco de úlcera nos pés. O questionário traduzido e validado para a língua portuguesa, parece assim ser um instrumento confiável e aplicável paraavaliar o autocuidado do paciente,ao mesmo tempo quepermite ao profissional de saúde desenhar medidas efetivas para prevenção da úlcera de pé diabético,ocasionando um melhor prognostico e qualidade de vida dos portadores de diabetes com ND.

Bakgrund: Diabetiska fotsår, ”Diabetes foot ulcer” (DFU) är ett globalt hot mot personer med diabetes på grund av de komplikationer som kan uppkomma som en efterföljd av diabetes. Neuropati är en vanlig följdsjukdom till diabetes vilket medför risken för DFU. Neuropati orsakar nedsatt känsel i underben och fötter vilket kan medföra att patienten inte känner föremål i skorna som skaver och trycker mot fötterna som kan orsaka DFU. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors preventionsstrategier för att reducera utvecklingen av fotsår hos patienter med diabetes. Metod: Denna studie genomfördes som en beskrivande litteraturstudie baserat på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar som bestod av fyra kvalitativa och åtta kvantitativa artiklar. Huvudresultat: Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskor är i behov av ökad kunskap genom sårvårdsutbildning efter kandidatexamen. Det framkommer att sjuksköterskornas kunskaper har en stor roll i behandlingen av DFU varav patienternas egenvårdsförmåga lyfts fram för att tillsammans finna de rätta strategierna för varje patient i sin DFU behandling. Slutsats: Fördjupad kunskap inom preventionsstrategier att reducera utvecklingen av DFU hos patienter med diabetes skulle kunna komma både patienter, sjuksköterskor och svensk hälso- och sjukvård till nytta. Kunskapen om preventionsstrategier hos sjuksköterskor i arbetet av DFU varierade inom hälso-ochsjukvårdsverksamheter världen över. Det finns flera strategier att arbeta vidare med som sjuksköterska i förebyggandet av DFU. Två viktiga aspekter inom preventionsstrategier är ökad utbildning för grundutbildade sjuksköterskor inom sårvård av DFU.Patientutbildning inom egenvård i förebyggande av komplikationer av DFU är en viktigstrategi i sjuksköterskans yrkesroll för att kunna bidra med goda förutsättningar och hälsofrämjande vård. / Abstract Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a global threat to people with diabetes due tothe complications that can arise as a result of diabetes. Neuropathy is a common secondary result of diabetes which carries the risk of DFU. Neuropathy causes decreased sensation in the lower legs and feet which can cause the patient not to feel objects in the shoes rubbing and pressing against the feet which can cause DFU. Aim:The purpose of the literature study was to describe nurses' prevention strategies for reducing the development of foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. Method: This study was conducted as a descriptive literature study based on 12 scientific articles consisting of four qualitative and eight quantitative articles. Main results: The results showed that nurses are in need of increased knowledge through wound care training after thebachelor's degree. It appears that the nurses 'knowledge has a major role in the treatmentof DFU, of which the patients' self-care ability is highlighted in order to jointly find theright strategies for each patient in their DFU treatment. Conclusion: Advanced knowledge of prevention strategies to reduce the development of DFU in patients with diabetes could benefit both patients, nurses and Swedish health care. The knowledge of prevention strategies among nurses in the work of DFU varied in health care activitiesworldwide. There are several strategies to continue working with as a nurse in the prevention of DFU. Two important aspects in prevention strategies are increased training for undergraduate nurses in wound care at DFU. Patient education in self-care in the prevention of complications of DFU is an important strategy in the nurse'sprofessional role in order to be able to contribute with good conditions and health promoting care.

Úlcera de membros inferiores é uma das complicações do diabetes melito que acomete aproximadamente 15% dos portadores da doença e resultam em elevada taxa de mortalidade. São feridas de difícil resolução, em geral, refratárias aos diversos tipos de tratamentos. Um dos principais aspectos que contribuem para sua cronicidade é a modificação no comportamento de fibroblastos. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar in vitro modificações no comportamento de fibroblastos derivados de ferida de membro inferior de indivíduos diabéticos com fibroblastos derivados de pele normal, quanto a proliferação celular e a capacidade de contração de modelo tridimensional de matriz de colágeno povoado por células, além de investigar o perfil de expressão gênica diferencial dessas células. Para tanto, foram cultivados fibroblastos provenientes de tecido de granulação de feridas de membro inferior de pacientes com diabetes do tipo 2 (FFD) e de pele normal (FC). Foram verificadas anormalidades morfológicas no grupo FFD compatíveis com senescência celular; menor contração da matriz de colágeno povoado por fibroblastos do grupo FFD (redução de 23% da área original) comparado ao grupo FC (redução de 30% da área original p<0,001). Pela técnica de microarray foram identificados 143 genes diferencialmente expressos, em sua maioria hipoexpressos, no grupo FFD, dentre os quais, destacam-se aqueles relacionados a processos de senescência e apoptose celular, bem como déficit na síntese e contração de fibras colágenas / Lower limbs ulcer is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus that affects approximately 15% of the patients and results in high mortality. Wounds that is difficult to heal, generally refractory to many treatments. One of the main aspects that contribute to disease chronicity is the change in the fibroblast behavior. The aim of this study was to compare changes in the in vitro fibroblasts behavior from diabetic leg ulcer with fibroblasts derived from normal skin as to cell proliferation and contraction capacity of a threedimensional fibroblasts populated collagen lattice, as well as to investigate the pattern of differential gene expression in these cells. For this purpose, fibroblasts were cultured from granulation tissue of lower limb ulcer in patients with type 2 diabetes (FFD) and from normal skin (FC). Morphological abnormalities compatible with cellular senescence were observed in the FFD. Reduced matrix contraction in fibroblasts populated group (FFD reduction of 23% from the original area) compared to FC (30% reduction from the original area) - (p <0.001). Using DNA microarray 143 differentially expressed genes were identified, most of them were underexpressed in FFD group, among which are those related to senescence and apoptosis, as well as deficits in the synthesis and contraction of collagen fibers

abstract: The human ankle is a critical joint required for mobility and stability of the body during static and dynamic activity. The absence of necessary torque output by the ankle due to neurological disorder or near-fatal injury can severely restrict locomotion and cause an inability to perform daily tasks. Physical Human-Robot Interaction (pHRI) has explored the potential of controlled actuators to positively impact human joints and partly restoring the required torque and stability at the joint to perform a task. However, a trade-off between agility and stability of the control technique of these devices can reduce the complete utilization of the performance to create a desirable impact on human joints. This research focuses on two control techniques of an Active Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) namely, Variable Stiffness (VS) and Variable Damping (VD) controllers to modulate ankle during walking. The VS controller is active during the stance phase and is used to restore the ankle trajectory of healthy participants that has been altered by adding a dead-weight of 2 Kgs. The VD controller is active during the terminal stance and early-swing phase and provides augmentative force during push-off that results in increased propulsion and stabilizes the ankle based on user-intuitions. Both controllers have a positive impact on Medial Gastrocnemius (GAS) muscle and Soleus (SOL) muscle which are powerful plantar - flexors critical to propulsion and kinematic properties during walking. The VS controller has recorded an 8.18% decrease in GAS and an 9.63 % decrease in SOL muscle activity during the stance phase amongst participants while decreasing mean ankle position error by 22.28 % and peak ankle position error by 17.43%. The VD controller demonstrated a 7.59 % decrease in GAS muscle and a 10.15 % decrease in SOL muscle activity during push-off amongst the participants while increasing the range-of-motion (ROM) by 7.84 %. Comprehensively, the study has shown a positive impact on ankle trajectory and the corresponding muscle effort at respective stages of the controller activity. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Mechanical Engineering 2020

Bakgrund: Diabetiska fotsår är en vanlig komplikation bland personer med diabetes. Sårläkningsprocessen och sårbehandlingen är en komplicerad och lång process vilka spelar en central roll i patientens liv. Patientens behov av hälso- och sjukvården är stort och kan leda till en ökad belastning på samhällets funktioner och ekonomi. Sjuksköterskan behöver ha kunskaper om patientens upplevelser av att leva med diabetiska fotsår för att kunna bemöta dem på bästa sätt och ge en personcentrerad vård. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med diabetiska fotsår.   Metod: Denna litteraturöversikt inkluderar åtta kvalitativa artiklar och två kvantitativa artiklar som besvarar syftet. Databaserna som användes för resultatartiklarna var CINAHL Complete och Medline with Full Text.    Resultat: Resultatet identifierades av tio artiklar och delades in i tre kategorier: fysisk påverkan, påverkan på det sociala livet och psykologiska aspekter. Första kategorin visar på att patienter känner sig begränsade i rörelser, hur inaktivitet kan påverka vardagslivet samt besvärande symtom som kan upplevas. Inom den andra kategorin beskrivs känslor kring hur diabetiska fotsåren har påverkat patienternas sociala liv. Den tredje kategorin omfattar de psykologiska aspekterna av att leva med diabetiska fotsår, känsla av förlorad identitet och tankar inför framtiden.   Slutsats: Resultatet som framkommer visar på att patienter upplever olika former av fysiska och sociala begränsningar. Det gäller för sjuksköterskan att kunna vara lyhörd, öppen samt ha en helhetssyn för patientens upplevelser. Sjuksköterskan bör med andra professioner samarbeta för på bästa sätt ge patienten stöd som den kan behöva. Genom att utbilda patienten och deras närstående kan öka kunskapen om egenvården samt förebygga eventuella diabetesrelaterade komplikationer. / Background: Diabetic foot ulcers are a common complication amongst people with diabetes. Wound healing process and wound treatment are complicated and long process, and these will play a central role in the patient’s life. The patient’s need for health care is great and can lead to a great burden on society’s functions and finances. The nurse needs to have knowledge of experiences in patients living with diabetic foot ulcers in order to be able to treat them in the best way and provide person-centered care.  Aim: The purpose was to describe patients’ experiences of living with diabetic foot ulcers.  Method: This literature review included eight qualitative articles and two quantitative articles to answer the purpose. The databases used for the results articles were CINAHL Complete and Medline with Full Text. Results: The results were identified by ten articles and divided into three categories: physical impact, impact on social life and psychological aspects. The first category shows that patients feel limited in movement, how inactivity can affect everyday life and troublesome symptoms that can be experienced. The second category describes feelings about how diabetic foot ulcers have affected patients' social lives. The third category includes the psychological aspects of living with diabetic foot ulcers, feelings of lost identity and thoughts for the future.  Conclusion: The results that emerge show that patients’ experience various forms of physical and social limitations. It is important for the nurse to be able to be responsive, open and have a holistic view of the patient's experiences. The nurse should work with other professionals to best provide the patient with the support they may need. By educating the patient and their relatives can increase knowledge about self-care and prevent any diabetes-related complications.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21583号 / 理博第4490号 / 新制||理||1645(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 伊藤 正一, 教授 生形 貴男, 教授 山路 敦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第22650号 / 人健博第77号 / 新制||人健||5(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 稲富 宏之, 教授 青山 朋樹, 教授 髙橋 良輔 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM