L‟accès, la qualité et l‟équité des systèmes éducatifs des pays en développement sont encore très problématiques et des millions d‟enfants ne peuvent exercer leur droit à une éducation de base menée à son terme. La scolarisation des populations les plus pauvres reste ainsi un des enjeux prioritaires de l‟humanité pour lequel l‟économie de l‟éducation a un rôle moteur à jouer. Au travers de cinq essais, cette thèse aborde les problématiques liées à l‟aide internationale à l‟éducation, à la nature publique ou privée de l‟enseignement, au choix des parents, à l‟efficience des collèges et à la satisfaction des enseignants. Avec un point de vue macroéconomique, le chapitre 1 analyse l‟efficacité de l‟aide international pour atteindre la scolarisation primaire universelle tandis que le chapitre 2 s‟efforce d‟expliquer les différences de répartition des élèves entre enseignements public et privé dans le monde. La suite de la thèse se base sur une enquête nationale originale réalisée dans les collèges de Madagascar, un pays associant une grande pauvreté des ménages à une forte présence et une grande diversité de l‟offre éducative privée. Le chapitre 3 analyse comment les parents choisissent un collège pour leurs enfants et ses effets sur la stratification sociale, le chapitre 4 s‟interroge sur l‟efficience des collèges publics et privés et ses déterminants tandis que le chapitre 5 examine les facteurs d‟influence de la satisfaction, du cumul d‟emplois et de l‟absentéisme des enseignants du secondaire. / Access to basic education as well as quality and equity of education systems in developing countries are still crucial issues, with millions of children currently unable to exercise their right to complete their basic education. Schooling of the poorest thus remains a central priority, one in which we believe that economics of education has a central role to play. By means of five essays, this thesis addresses issues related to international aid to education, public or private education, parental choices, secondary schools‟ efficiency and teacher satisfaction. With a macroeconomic perspective, Chapter 1 analyzes the effectiveness of international aid as an instrument to reach universal primary education while Chapter 2 seeks to explain the differences in distribution of students between public and private education in the world. The remainder of this thesis is based upon an original national survey conducted in the secondary schools of Madagascar, a country marrying extensive household poverty with a strong presence and a wide variety of private educational opportunities. Chapter 3 discusses the way in which parents choose a secondary school for their children and its effects on social stratification. Chapter 4 examines the efficiency of public and private secondary schools and its determinants. Lastly, Chapter 5 examines the factors influencing satisfaction, accumulation of jobs and absenteeism of secondary schools teachers.

Existing literature on foreign aid does not indicate what type of political regime is best to achieve human development outcomes or use aid funds more efficiently. I contend that political leaders of different regime types have personal incentives that motivate them to utilize foreign aid to reflect their interests in providing more or less basic social services for their citizens. Using a data set of 126 aid-recipient countries between the years of 1990 and 2007, I employ fixed effects estimation to test the model. The overall results of this research indicate that foreign aid and democratic institutionalization have a positive effect on total enrollment in primary education, while political regime types show little difference from one another in providing public health and education for their citizens.

This thesis investigates how women's political representation influences foreign aid utilization. While recent contributions show that the impact of foreign aid is highly dependent on the recipient government, there is still limited research on the relationship between women's political representation and aid utilization. Existing work within the research field of female political representation suggests that women are more likely to prioritize resource allocation towards healthcare and education and less likely to prioritize the military. Thus, women’s political representation is predicted to work as a moderating effect on aid utilization, whereby increases in female representation is associated with more aid resources being allocated towards healthcare and education and less to the military. To test the relationship(s) implied, this thesis employs multiple regression analysis on a time series data set of 102 aid-receiving countries from 2000-2017. The hypothesis that women's political representation has a moderating effect on aid utilization could not be supported by the regression analysis. The results do however indicate that female representation in the recipient countries influences government allocation in general.

M.Com (Economics) / The role of foreign aid in promoting economic growth and improving welfare has been the subject of much debate among development specialists, researchers, aid donors as well as recipients in general. Two very strong views have emerged in the literature; proponents of aid posit that foreign aid contributes to higher welfare levels and economic growth while also improving the socio economic conditions of the poor in the receiving countries. Detractors of the idea that foreign aid promotes growth have argued that aid is not the solution to deep rooted economic problems of recipient countries. According to the latter, aid does not breed an environment that allows nations to themselves develop local strategies to improve growth. The country selected for this study, South Africa, poses an interesting case study given the fact that while the country is not aid- dependent, it still receives a significant amount of official development assistance (ODA). In spite of the above fact and the perceived benefits of foreign aid for growth and development, there are few empirical studies that have investigated the nature of the relationship between foreign aid and economic growth in South Africa. The study found that while foreign aid has positively affected growth in South Africa, the impact is insignificant. Although such aids has ensured a good macroeconomic environment which have been growth- enhancing for the country.

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate how Sweden’s bilateral economic relationship with South Africa has evolved between the years 1985-2018, from a Swedish perspective. The study has four research questions. The first question focuses on how Swedish policies toward South Africa has evolved over time, which is followed by two questions on how these changes has impacted trade and non-trade economic activity between the countries. The last question binds the study together with a discussion of the balance of Swedish priorities between humanitarian goals and domestic self-interests during this period. The existing literature is mainly focused on the economic relationship leading up to the fall of apartheid in 1994, and there is not much written on the subject since then. This study aims to contribute to the field by connecting the apartheid-era literature to the development of the post-apartheid bilateral economic relationship.  The study is based on a cross analysis of complementary data sources and methods to capture the complexity of the bilateral economic relationship between the two countries. The main bulk of data is derived through semi-structured interviews with representatives from the Swedish government, the civil society, and researchers with experience of this bilateral relationship. This is complemented with a content analysis of Swedish policy documents and illustrative quantitative data. The thesis is built on an analytical framework based on Embeddedness theory and a conceptualisation of Economic- and Soft Power, which highlights the interconnectedness between social, political, and economic relationships.

Diploma thesis "The support of Czech nonprofit sector by Dutch foundations and organizations" deals with a help and support of transforming society in 1989. It describes the civil sector in 1989, forms of financing non-profit organizations and deals with the role of foreign aid. Theoretical part contains a chapter about the Netherlands, the history of relations with this country as well as a focus on Dutch development assistance and its evaluation. The list of Dutch foundations and organizations that supported Czech civil sector is included. The research focuses on the MATRA/KAP program. The aim of research was to find out, which organizations were supported and what criteria have been established for obtaining support. I was also interested about experiences of donor and supported organizations.

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