No description available.

Bakgrund: Allt fler människor drabbas av den kroniska sjukdomen diabetes typ 2. Att leva med sjukdomen upplevs olika, av vissa som en naturlig del av livet, av andra som något patologiskt. Delaktighet och egenvård har nära samband för att patienten ska kunna anpassa sig till den nya situationen. För att kunna stötta patienterna och motivera till god egenvård är det också viktigt för hälso- och sjukvården att ha kunskap om patienters upplevelser av egenvård. Syfte: Syftet var att utifrån ett patientperspektiv beskriva upplevelser av främjande respektive hindrande faktorer i egenvården hos patienter med diabetes typ 2. Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes baserad på tio kvalitativa artiklar insamlade från databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Artiklarna analyserades genom att identifiera gemensamma nämnare i artiklarnas resultat och därefter skapades teman. Resultat: Tre huvudteman med tillhörande subteman identifierades. I huvudtemat Främjande och hindrande faktorer i mötet med andra beskrivs hur människor i patientens omgivning upplevs som främjande respektive hindrande för egenvården. Huvudtemat Främjande och hindrande faktorer i mötet med sig själv handlar om faktorer i relation till patienten själv och i det tredje huvudtemat, Främjande och hindrande faktorer i mötet med praktiska omständigheter, presenteras upplevelser av hur egenvården påverkas av praktiska faktorer. Diskussion: Resultatet visar sig gå i linje med tidigare forskning inom området. Centrala faktorer som visat sig påverka egenvården, såsom familj och vårdpersonal/vårdorganisation, diskuteras också utifrån hur de påverkar hälsan. I enlighet med andra studier visar resultatet även att vissa faktorer upplevs främjande/hindrande beroende på patienternas ursprung eller landet de bor i. / Background: The number of people living with diabetes type 2 increases. Perceptions of living with the disease differ; some sees it as a natural part of life whilst other sees it as pathological. Self-management and involvement in care are central for the patient’s opportunity adjusting to the new situation. Health care need knowledge about patients’ perceptions of self-management for being able to motivate them. Aim: The aim was to describe perceived facilitators and barriers to self-care by patients living with diabetes type 2. Method: A review was carried out, which included ten qualitative articles collected through the databases Cinahl and PubMed. The articles were analysed by identifying common denominators in the articles’ results. Themes were created. Results: Three head themes with associated subthemes were identified. Facilitators and barriers in the meeting with others focuses on how people in the patient’s environment are perceived as a facilitator and/or a barrier. Facilitators and barriers in the meeting with oneself, describes how the patient herself affects the self-management. In Facilitators and barriers in the meeting with practical circumstances, factors in relation to the patient’s practical environment are presented. Discussion: The result goes in line with previous research. Areas, which turned out to be central for the patients’ self-management, such as family and different aspects of health care, are also discussed in relation to health. Additionally, some perceived facilitators/barriers are in accordance to other studies shown to be more or less prominent depending on the patients’ origin or country they live in.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hinder och framgångsfaktorer för följsamhet av egenvården för vuxna personer med diabetes typ 2. Bakgrund: Typ 2-diabetes är en epidemi i världen och kommer enligt studier bara att bli värre med tiden. För en patient med typ 2-diabetes är egenvård en nödvändig del för att behandla sjukdomen, detta består av att upprätthålla glykemisk kontroll med läkemedel, insulin, självövervakning av blodsockernivåer men det är också viktigt med korrekt diabetesvänlig kost och motion. Metod: En litteraturöversikt av 15 studier med vuxna diabetes typ 2-patienter utan kognitiv svikt. En tematisk analys gjordes av de insamlade uppgifterna. Resultat: Mentala hinder var en av de största faktorerna, som fungerade som både framgångsfaktor och hinder för egenvård. Andra stora framgångsfaktorer var demografiska faktorer och sociala faktorer. Andra hinder för egenvårds följsamhet med störst förekomst i studierna var fysiska faktorer, livsfaktorer och ekonomiska faktorer. Slutsats: Alla faktorer verkar vara kopplade till att påverka patientens psykiska hälsa därför följsamhet, genom att skapa olika miljöer med olika stöd och möjligheter. I enlighet med Orems egenvårdsunderskottsteorin. Klinisk tillämpning: Resultaten kan användas för att förbättra sjuksköterskans vård genom att anpassa vården till patientens omständigheter. / Objective: The objective of this literature review study was to examine a patients self-care adherence facilitators and barriers. Background: Diabetes type 2 is an epidemic in the world and will get according to studies only worse with time. For a patient with diabetes type 2 is the self-care a necessary part to treat the disease, this consists of maintaining glycemic control with medicines, insulin, self-monitoring of plasma glucose levels but it´s also important with proper diabetes friendly diet and exercise. Method: A literature review of 15 studies with adult diabetes type 2 patients without cognitive impairment. A thematic analysis was done of the data collected. Result: Mental barriers was one of the biggest factors, working as both facilitator and barrier to self-care adherence. Other major self-care facilitators were demographic factors, social factors. Other selfcare- adherence barriers with most occurrence in the studies were physical factors, life circumstances factors and economic factors. Conclusion: All factors seem to be connected to affect the patient’s mental health therefore the adherence, by creating different environments with different support and opportunities. In accordance with Orem´s Self-care Deficit Nursing theory. Clinical implications: The results can be used to improve nurse´s care by customize the care to the patient’s circumstance.

In recent years, the concept of sustainability has increased of importance and customers today are more aware of the implications of not being sustainable. As of the increased awareness, customers are demanding more sustainable practices from retailers, which leads to them communicating this further down the supply chain. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis has been to examine and understand how retailers together with their suppliers in the furniture and interior retail industry co-create a more sustainable supply chain through the Corporate Social Responsibility framework, and to identify what kind of facilitators and barriers that appear in co-creation of CSR between buyers and suppliers. The empirical findings were obtained using a qualitative multiple case study of seven furniture and interior retailers originated from Sweden through semi-structured interviews. The findings were then analyzed and discussed with the presented literature to identify how they were similar or different. The conclusion of this thesis shows that buyers somewhat are engaged in co-creation with their suppliers, although there is no unified answer for how, as the level of involvement, why involved and in which function they are involved are highly different among the cases. A common theme throughout the findings indicated that the more responsible the company is, the more developed they are in their buyer-supplier relationships. Although, the co-creation level of a relationship was found to be ambiguous due to its unexplored nature of the B2B market. Furthermore, the thesis identified both some general and more specific facilitators and barriers that could be used as a guide for future co-creating activities for the implemewntation of CSR in the retail supply chain.

Background: Social media (Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter) as communication channels have great potential to deliver Human papillomavirus self‐test (HPVST) intervention to medically underserved women (MUW) such as women of low income. However, little is known about MUW’s willingness to participate in HPVST intervention delivered through social media. We evaluated factors that contribute to MUW’s intention to participate in the social media‐related intervention for HPVST. Methods: A 21‐item survey was administered among women receiving food from a local food pantry in a U.S. southern state. Independent variables were social media usage facilitators (including confidentiality, social support, cost, and convenience), and barriers (including misinformation, time‐consuming, inefficient, and privacy concerns). Dependent variables included the likelihood of participating in social‐driven intervention for HPVST. Both variables were measured on a 5‐point scale. We used multinomial logistic regression to analyze the data. Results: A total of 254 women (mean age 48.9 ± 10.7 years) comprising Whites (40%), Hispanics (29%), Blacks (27%), and Other (4%) participated in the study. We found that over 44% of the women were overdue for their pap smears for the past three years, 12% had never had a pap smear, and 34% were not sure if they had had a pap smear. Over 82% reported frequent social media (e.g., Facebook) usage, and 52% reported willingness to participate in social media‐driven intervention for HPVST. Women who reported that social media provide privacy (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 6.23, 95% CI: 3.56, 10.92), provide social support (AOR = 7.18, 95% CI: 4.03, 12.80), are less costly (AOR = 6.71, 95% CI: 3.80, 11.85), and are convenient (AOR = 6.17, 95% CI: 3.49, 10.92) had significantly increased odds of participating in social media intervention for HPVST. Conclusions: The findings underscore that the majority of the MUW are overdue for cervical cancer screening, regularly use social media, and are willing to participate in social media‐driven intervention. Social media could be used to promote HPV self‐testing among MUW.

No description available.

Despite the facts that vehicle incidents continue to be the most common mechanism for Australian compensated fatalities and that employers have statutory obligations to provide safe workplaces, very few organisations are proactively and comprehensively managing their work-related road risks. Unfortunately, limited guidance is provided in the existing literature to assist practitioners in managing work-related road risks. The current research addresses this gap in the literature. To explore how work-related road safety can be enhanced, three studies were conducted. Study one explored the effectiveness of a range of risk management initiatives and whether comprehensive risk management practices were associated with safety outcomes. Study two explored barriers to, and facilitators for, accepting risk management initiatives. Study three explored the influence of organisational factors on road safety outcomes to identify optimal work environments for managing road risks. To maximise the research sample and increase generalisability, the studies were designed to allow data collection to be conducted simultaneously drawing upon the same sample obtained from four Australian organisations. Data was collected via four methods. A structured document review of published articles was conducted to identify what outcomes have been observed in previously investigated work-related road safety initiatives. The documents reviewed collectively assessed the effectiveness of 19 work-related road safety initiatives. Audits of organisational practices and process operating within the four researched organisations were conducted to identify whether organisations with comprehensive work-related road risk management practices and processes have better safety outcomes than organisations with limited risk management practices and processes. Interviews were conducted with a sample of 24 participants, comprising 16 employees and eight managers. The interviews were conducted to identify what barriers and facilitators within organisations are involved in implementing work-related road safety initiatives and whether differences in fleet safety climate, stage of change and safety ownership relate to work-related road safety outcomes. Finally, questionnaires were administered to a sample of 679 participants. The questionnaires were conducted to identify which initiatives are perceived by employees to be effective in managing work-related road risks and whether differences in fleet safety climate, stage of change and safety ownership relate to work-related road safety outcomes. Seven research questions were addressed in the current research project. The key findings with respect to each of the research questions are presented below. Research question one: What outcomes have been observed in previously investigated work-related road safety initiatives? The structured document review indicated that initiatives found to be positively associated with occupational road safety both during and after the intervention period included: a pay rise; driver training; group discussions; enlisting employees as community road safety change agents; safety reminders; and group and individual rewards. Research question two: Which initiatives are perceived by employees to be effective in managing work-related road risks? Questionnaire findings revealed that employees believed occupational road risks could best be managed through making vehicle safety features standard, providing practical driver skills training and through investigating serious vehicle incidents. In comparison, employees believed initiatives including signing a promise card commitment to drive safely, advertising the organisation’s phone number on vehicles and consideration of driving competency in staff selection process would have limited effectiveness in managing occupational road safety. Research question three: Do organisations with comprehensive work-related road risk management practices and processes have better safety outcomes than organisations with limited risk management practices and processes? The audit identified a difference among the organisations in their management of work-related road risks. Comprehensive risk management practices were associated with employees engaging in overall safer driving behaviours, committing less driving errors, and experiencing less fatigue and distraction issues when driving. Given that only four organisations participated in this research, these findings should only be considered as preliminary. Further research should be conducted to explore the relationship between comprehensiveness of risk management practices and road safety outcomes with a larger sample of organisations. Research question four: What barriers and facilitators within organisations are involved in implementing work-related road safety initiatives? The interviews identified that employees perceived six organisational characteristics as potential barriers to implementing work-related road safety initiatives. These included: prioritisation of production over safety; complacency towards work-related road risks; insufficient resources; diversity; limited employee input in safety decisions; and a perception that road safety initiatives were an unnecessary burden. In comparison, employees perceived three organisational characteristics as potential facilitators to implementing work-related road safety initiatives. These included: management commitment; the presence of existing systems that could support the implementation of initiatives; and supportive relationships. Research question five: Do differences in fleet safety climate relate to work-related road safety outcomes? The interviews and questionnaires identified that organisational climates with high management commitment, support for managing work demands, appropriate safety rules and safety communication were associated with employees who engaged in safer driving behaviours. Regression analyses indicated that as participants’ perceptions of safety climate increased, the corresponding likelihood of them engaging in safer driving behaviours increased. Fleet safety climate was perceived to influence road safety outcomes through several avenues. Some of these included: the allocation of sufficient resources to manage occupational road risks; fostering a supportive environment of mutual responsibility; resolving safety issues openly and fairly; clearly communicating to employees that safety is the top priority; and developing appropriate work-related road safety policies and procedures. Research question six: Do differences in stage of change relate to work-related road safety outcomes? The interviews and questionnaires identified that participants’ perceptions of initiative effectiveness were found to vary with respect to their individual stage of readiness, with stage-matched initiatives being perceived most effective. In regards to safety outcomes, regression analyses identified that as participants’ progress through the stages of change, the corresponding likelihood of them being involved in vehicle crashes decreases. Research question seven: Do differences in safety ownership relate to work-related road safety outcomes? The interviews and questionnaires revealed that management of road risks is often given less attention than other areas of health and safety management in organisations. In regards to safety outcomes, regression analyses identified that perceived authority and perceived shared ownership both emerged as significant independent predictors of self-reported driving behaviours pertaining to fatigue and distractions. The regression models indicated that as participants’ perceptions of the authority of the person managing road risks increases, and perceptions of shared ownership of safety tasks increases, the corresponding likelihood of them engaging in driving while fatigued or multitasking while driving decreases. Based on the findings from the current research, the author makes several recommendations to assist practitioners in developing proactive and comprehensive approaches to managing occupational road risks. The author also suggests several avenues for future research in the area of work-related road safety.

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a tool that could help improve the coordination between health and social services. This classification will help with communication as a common language in interprofessional rehabilitation team. The research objective of our thesis is to investigate the practical applicability of ICF in health and social services in the field of regulations governing entitlement to "special aids", i.e. Act No. 329/2011 and Decree No. 388/2011, as amended.

No description available.