College is a time marked by a significant level of stress, especially for Latina students. One of the changes that often occurs during an individual's time in college involves one's gender role beliefs, shifting from traditional gender role beliefs to more liberal beliefs. Though a great deal of research has been done to show that college attendance plays an important role in the liberalization of gender role beliefs, little is known about this relationship for Latina students. This is particularly problematic as Latina students face unique challenges on the college campus, including issues relating to acculturation. Because the Latino cultural norms often dictate women to be dependent on their family, a move towards nontraditionalism can create family conflict and intragroup marginalization, both of which can contribute to psychosocial distress in ethnic minority groups. As Latina students face unique educational challenges, and may develop family conflicts, a supportive academic environment may serve to buffer some negative effects. This study conceptualizes this supportive environment as "academic families" which foster family like relationships in the college setting. This study examined the relationships between gender role beliefs, family conflict, family intragroup marginalization, academic family support, and psychosocial distress among a sample of 170 Latina college students to get a clearer picture of how changing gender roles impact this population. A statistically significant relationship was found between gender role beliefs and family intragroup marginalization, as well as between gender role beliefs and family conflict, though different from initially hypothesized. A statistically significant relationship was also found between family conflict and psychosocial distress, though academic family support was not shown to moderate this relationship. Implications for researchers and educators are also discussed.

Syftet med undersökningen var att ta reda på hur anhöriga resonerar kring att deras (o)hälsa har förbättras eller inte vid medverkan i en kommuns anhöriggrupper. I bakgrunden presenteras bland annat tidigare forskning som visat att anhörigvårdare har en sämre upplevd hälsa än de som inte vårdar och att behovet av att ventilera sina känslor är stort. Vidare presenteras att vi lär oss genom kommunikation och samspel med andra människor. Det har gjorts tre kvalitativa intervjuer med anhörigvårdare som medverkat i en kommuns anhöriggrupper. Två intervjuer har gjorts på en kommuns anhörigcenter och en intervju har gjorts i en av informantens hem. Två av informanternas anhöriga har gått bort och en av informanternas anhöriga lever än. Resultatet visar att ett anhörigcenter är en viktig del i anhörigvårdarnas liv för att de ska må bra. De medverkandes psykiska hälsa har förbättrats och de har insett vikten av att ta hand om sig själva och inte bara den sjuka. Anhörigvårdarna värdesätter gemenskapen och personerna i grupperna högt och anser att det är tack vare dem som de orkar med vardagen.

Sammanfattning Undersökningen är riktad till dem som är intresserade av ett väldigt utmanande, nytt och framtidstänkande arbete med sörjande föräldrar. Ambitionen med studien har varit att få en fördjupad kunskap kring family support teamets arbete, roller och funktioner på ett barnhospice. Med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod har jag uppnått studiens syfte. I undersökningen har jag använt mig av frågeställningarna: Hur beskriver family support teamet sina arbetsuppgifter med obotligt sjuka barn och deras familjer? Samt vilket samarbete finns det mellan family support teamet och de övriga professionerna på Ty Hafan? Studieresultaten har jag relaterat till ett rollteoretiskt - samt organisationsteoretiskt perspektiv. Studiens huvudresultat är att family support teamets arbetare har flera olika roller där rollerna styrs av familjernas behov. Teamet ger ett emotionellt och psykosocialt stöd till barnen som har en obotlig sjukdom, deras familjer och anhöriga samt att delar av teamet handleder de andra teamen på barnhospicet. Teamet har en stor handlingsfrihet, dvs. organisationen (Ty Hafan) har inga speciella riktlinjer som family support teamet måste följa i deras arbete. I studien framkom det att yrkesprofessionerna på barnhospicet fungerar som ett komplement för varandra. Därför måste det finnas ett bra samarbete dem emellan. Den största skillnaden mellan family support teamet och de övriga teamen är att family support teamet är de enda professionella som är kvar i familjernas liv efter barnets död. Teamet finns som ett stöd för familjerna tills familjerna själva känner att de inte är i behov av teamets stöd längre. / Abstract The study is aimed for people who are interested in a very demanding, new and forward thinking work with grieving parents. The ambition with the study has been to gain a deepened knowledge about the family support team’s duties, roles and functions within a children’s hospice. With a qualitative method I have achieved the purpose of the study. In the study, I have been using the following questions: How does family support team describe their work duties with children with life-limited illnesses and their families? Also in what way does the family support team co-operate with other professionals at Ty Hafan? The results from the study have been related to a role theoretical and also organisation theoretical perspective. The study’s main result is that the family support team’s employers have many different work duties, where the duties are being regulated by the families’ needs. The team gives an emotional psychosocial support to the children with a life limited illness, their families and the relatives, also parts of the team guide the other teams in the Children’s hospice. The team have a great freedom of action, i.e. the organisation (Ty Hafan) does not have any specific guidelines that the family support team must follow in their work. It came out from the study that the professionals at the Children’s hospice complete each other. The greatest difference between the family support team and the other teams is that the family support team are the only ones who stay in contact with the families after their child’s death. The team works as a support for the families until they feel that they are not needed anymore.

Abstract With the international age coming, a number of studies have been done regarding the management of expatriates, but little research has focused on the expatriates' decisions to quite their assignment. A comprehensive model is developed to test the cause of the expatriates' turnover tendencies. The model is applied both of the theories from socialization and work-family conflict. Date were obtained with a sample of 171 expatriates in Mainland China from Taiwan's international businesses. Results were indicated that work-family conflict and socialization have the direct effect on intent to leave organization and intent to transfer back prior to the completion of their foreign assignments. Work-family conflict, job similarity, organization support have the direct effect on intent-to-leave the job. Family support has both of the direct and indirect effects on the intent to transfer back prior to the completion of their foreign assignments. Parents' health and the youngest child's age have the indirect effect on the expatriates' intent-to-leave through work-family conflict. Expatriate's position has the indirect effect on the expatriates' intent-to-leave through expatriate's socialization. Implication for international HRM researchers and practitioners are discussed.

<p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Undersökningen är riktad till dem som är intresserade av ett väldigt utmanande, nytt och framtidstänkande arbete med sörjande föräldrar. Ambitionen med studien har varit att få en fördjupad kunskap kring family support teamets arbete, roller och funktioner på ett barnhospice. Med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod har jag uppnått studiens syfte. I undersökningen har jag använt mig av frågeställningarna: Hur beskriver family support teamet sina arbetsuppgifter med obotligt sjuka barn och deras familjer? Samt vilket samarbete finns det mellan family support teamet och de övriga professionerna på Ty Hafan? Studieresultaten har jag relaterat till ett rollteoretiskt - samt organisationsteoretiskt perspektiv. Studiens huvudresultat är att family support teamets arbetare har flera olika roller där rollerna styrs av familjernas behov. Teamet ger ett emotionellt och psykosocialt stöd till barnen som har en obotlig sjukdom, deras familjer och anhöriga samt att delar av teamet handleder de andra teamen på barnhospicet. Teamet har en stor handlingsfrihet, dvs. organisationen (Ty Hafan) har inga speciella riktlinjer som family support teamet måste följa i deras arbete. I studien framkom det att yrkesprofessionerna på barnhospicet fungerar som ett komplement för varandra. Därför måste det finnas ett bra samarbete dem emellan. Den största skillnaden mellan family support teamet och de övriga teamen är att family support teamet är de enda professionella som är kvar i familjernas liv efter barnets död. Teamet finns som ett stöd för familjerna tills familjerna själva känner att de inte är i behov av teamets stöd längre.</p> / <p>Abstract</p><p>The study is aimed for people who are interested in a very demanding, new and forward thinking work with grieving parents. The ambition with the study has been to gain a deepened knowledge about the family support team’s duties, roles and functions within a children’s hospice. With a qualitative method I have achieved the purpose of the study. In the study, I have been using the following questions: How does family support team describe their work duties with children with life-limited illnesses and their families? Also in what way does the family support team co-operate with other professionals at Ty Hafan? The results from the study have been related to a role theoretical and also organisation theoretical perspective. The study’s main result is that the family support team’s employers have many different work duties, where the duties are being regulated by the families’ needs. The team gives an emotional psychosocial support to the children with a life limited illness, their families and the relatives, also parts of the team guide the other teams in the Children’s hospice. The team have a great freedom of action, i.e. the organisation (Ty Hafan) does not have any specific guidelines that the family support team must follow in their work. It came out from the study that the professionals at the Children’s hospice complete each other. The greatest difference between the family support team and the other teams is that the family support team are the only ones who stay in contact with the families after their child’s death. The team works as a support for the families until they feel that they are not needed anymore.</p>

Recent years have seen increasing acknowledgment that aircraft accidents affect not only those who are killed or injured, but also the families and friends of victims. Survivors, victims and their families require sensitive treatment in order to help them cope with what has occurred. Following high profile accidents including USAir 427 and TWA 800, the United State of America started a new program which they call it Family Assistance after Air Disaster. After that a several documents providing guidance for dealing with victims and their families were published in Australia, the UK and the EU. However, in the Middle East, there is no region-specific family assistance guidance for dealing with aircraft accidents. As such, operators tend to use plans which have been designed from a western perspective. This means that the impact of culture, ethical sensitivities and religion have not been addressed fully. This thesis explores the differences in dealing with the families of victims after an accident in the Middle East focusing on the Muslim population. Interviews were conducted with experts from airlines, family assistance providers, religious leaders and victim support groups. These were supplemented by a survey of passengers and family members in USA, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia to compare and contrast the expectations and needs of those who may be affected by an aircraft accident. Over 300 responses were received and the data were validated through further expert interviews. The results supported the findings of the literature review and matched with the bad experiences documented within case study accidents such as the mid-air collision involving Saudi Arabian Airlines flight 763. The study found that the three factors are inextricably linked, with religion being a strong factor in determining individual’s response to their loss; how they relate to others and the type of support they should be given. Suggestions are made regarding the design of a Family Assistance Centre, staff training, words that should / should not be used; and to explain how people may react.

<p>Population aging is a global phenomenon occurring both in developed and less developed countries. While families are still playing an important role in providing support for elderly people, governments are also expanding their public old-age support programs in many societies. Public pensions are one of the major policy tools geared to social protection of the elderly. However, little is known about how the programs affect elders particularly in terms of their subjective well-being. Such effectiveness depends in part on the extent to which public pension income displaces or `crowds out' family elder support. Using the introduction of the Basic Old-Age Pension (BOAP), a non-contributory old-age pension in Korea, this dissertation examines the relationship among public support, family support, and life satisfaction of the elderly.</p><p>As an introductory chapter, chapter 1, "The continuing importance of children in relieving elder poverty: evidence from Korea," describes the actual financial status of elderly Koreans and the amount of financial support they receive from children. Analysis of the 2006 Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing shows that almost 70 per cent of Koreans aged 65 or more years received financial transfers from children and that the transfers accounted for about a quarter of the average elder's income. While over 60 per cent of elders would be poor without private transfers, children's transfers substantially mitigate elder poverty, filling about one quarter of the poverty gap. Furthermore, children's transfers to low-income parents tend to be proportionally larger, so elder income inequality is reduced by the transfers. Over 40 per cent of elders lived with a child and co-residence helps reduce elder poverty. </p><p>Using the introduction of BOAP, chapter 2, "Does money buy happiness?: Evidence from a new government pension in Korea," assesses how the program affected elders' life satisfaction. Notably, this study adds valuable evidence to the literature of whether money buys happiness, a question of great interest but notoriously difficult to answer given the difficulties associated with isolating income as a causal factor. To make the causal inference, this chapter utilizes a difference-in-difference research design and analyzes longitudinal data from the Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS). Results show that BOAP did raise elders' life satisfaction: annual benefits of 1,000 kW, approximately 1,000 U.S. dollars, raised elders' life satisfaction by 0.16-0.22 of one standard deviation and the effect was statistically significant. </p><p>Chapter 3, "Public support crowds out family support: Evidence from a new government pension in Korea," investigates how public financial provision affects family support. In particular, the present study provides a novel estimate of crowd-out by BOAP by using a combined measure of financial support and in-kind support received from all adult children regardless of their co-residence status with elderly parents. This paper also examines the impact on co-residence and is the first quasi-experimental study on the crowd-out question using data from an Asian nation. Results from difference-in-difference analyses of the KReIS data show that every $1 from the pension led to a 30-cent drop in children's support, netting a 70-cent increase in elders' income. The impact on the likelihood of elders' co-residing with children was positive but not statistically significant. </p><p>By showing that Korean children still play a crucial role in providing financial old-age security, chapter 1 demonstrates how important it is for the Korean government to design old-age policies that preserve the incentives for private assistance. The second chapter suggests that, at least in the context of modern-day Korea, pensions do buy happiness, or at least satisfaction. This finding suggests that researchers and policymakers need to pay further attention to public pensions as a tool to intervene people's subjective well-being. Finally, chapter 3 confirms that crowd-out of family support does occur in Korea and that increases in income, more so than other factors, have a positive impact on elders' life satisfaction found in chapter 2. These findings may generalize to other rapidly changing societies with a strong family elder-support tradition and emerging public elder-support system.</p> / Dissertation

Background: The new guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation states that the family should be given the opportunity to be present at the resuscitation of a close relative. A cardiac arrest is an emotional experience for the family. In addition to being part of the resuscitation effort, the nurse also needs to take care of the family. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses' experiences of family presence during resuscitation. Method: A literature review has been made of 13 studies where differences and similarities were analyzed. The articles were published between the years of 2009 – 2013 Result: The nurses' experiences were divided into three categories; Factors that affect family presence, The nurse' experience surrounding the presence of the family, Factors affecting family presence in the resuscitation room. The result showed that, the feeling of confidence, the ability to work under stressful conditions, the reactions of the family and external prerequisites and the presences of a family support person were important. All nurses had unique experiences that influenced their attitudes towards family presence during resuscitation. Conclusion: Every resuscitation is unique and the family's presence should be evaluated. The need for a family support person was identified as an important factor to ease the family's presence. Local protocols should be created that clearly states the decision process and whom become the family support person. Travelbee's nursing theory facilitates the comprehension of the interactions between the family and the nurse.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuota ir įvertinta savivaldybėse bei seniūnijose teikiama socialinė parama šeimoms auginančioms nepilnamečius vaikus Lietuvoje, iškeltos valstybės teikiamos socialinės paramos administravimo problemos bei pateikti pasiūlymai, kaip spręsti iškilusias problemas. Teorinėje darbo dalyje yra aptariama šeimos politika, jos tipai bei šeimos samprata; analizuojami dokumentai reglamentuojantys socialinę paramą šeimai Lietuvoje bei institucijos atsakingos už paramos šeimai skyrimą; aptariamos šiuolaikinės viešojo valdymo reformos viešojo administravimo procese ir reformos modelio kūrimas. Praktinėje darbo dalyje yra nagrinėjamas socialinės paramos teikimas šeimoms auginančioms nepilnamečius vaikus Kupiškio ir Vilniaus savivaldybėse bei seniūnijose. Apibrėžiamos pagrindinės problemos teikiant socialinę paramą ir problemų sprendimų gairės. / Master thesis analyzed and evaluated an offer social support for the families rising minor children in municipalities and wards, warded state of social assistance provided of administrative problem and to make suggestions how to solve the problems. The family policy is discussed in the theoretical part of this work, the types and the concept of family; analyzed documents which are regulating social support for the family and institutions which are responsible for the support award for the Lithuania families. In the practical work part are considered social support for the families raising minor children of Kupiškis and Vilnius municipalities and wards. Are defined the main problems by providing social support ant the solutions guidelines of problems solving.

Serving children with special health care needs (SHCN) or developmental disabilities (DD) and their families is an important public health issue (Healthy People, 2020). The prevalence of children with special health care needs or developmental disabilities is significant and increasing (Boyle et al., 2011). Caregivers of children with SHCN or DD and their families demand clinical and research attention given the potential range of health and well-being outcomes that are associated with their children’s developmental or medical complexity. The purpose of this dissertation study was to use a quantitative descriptive research design to examine the experiences of pediatric parenting stress and family support for a sample of caregivers of children representing diverse special health care needs or developmental disabilities. Data were collected at four agencies that provide a range of services to children with SHCN or DD and their families. The data for 167 caregiver participants were used for the preliminary and main statistical analyses. Statistical analyses including pearson product moment correlations, independent-samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests, internal consistency reliability analyses, and factor analyses. Present study findings revealed that (a) the Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP) and Family Support Scale (FSS) measures did not appear to be internally consistent for this study sample; (b) the existing PIP and FSS factor structures did not fit the present study data well; (c) the present study sample had higher levels of pediatric parenting stress and lower levels of family support overall as compared to previous study samples of caregivers for children with chronic conditions; (d) the current study sample’s experiences of pediatric parenting stress and family support differed significantly by several caregiver, child, and family correlates; and (e) the current study sample’s levels of pediatric parenting stress and family support had a positive, significant association. Study findings emphasized the potential roles of stress and support in the caregiving experiences for children with SHCN or DD. Recommendations for further study of this caregiving population and their families are discussed.