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Ouers se persepsie van die waarde van ongestruktureerde spel vir voorskoolse kinders in die Paarl / Yolanda HuijsamerHuijsamer, Yolanda January 2012 (has links)
Preschool children play an active role in their own development through their
interaction with the environment that takes place in the form of unstructured play.
Unstructured play is a creative expression of preschool children’s physical, cognitive,
social and emotional self and creates opportunities to learn important skills and
values necessary for the mastery of their world. The researcher became aware, from
practical experience as a social worker in private practice, of more and more
preschool children who are exposed to structured play with the aim to promote their
development. This aspect can contribute towards preschool children not developing
in a natural manner that will lead to the devaluation of unstructured play.
The overall objective of this study was to explore and describe parents’ perceptions
of the value of unstructured play for their preschool children in order to make
recommendations to professionals offering parental guidance to parents, with
regards to the value of unstructured play for preschool children. A qualitative
phenomenological research design was adopted to explore and describe parents’
perceptions and experiences of unstructured play. Two focus group discussions
were conducted and two main themes were identified by analysing the data. The
main themes are participants’ perception of the value of unstructured play and
participants’ choice in respect of unstructured versus structured play.
The conclusion drawn by the researcher is that parents are aware of the valuable
contribution of unstructured play towards their preschool children’s development.
However, participants argue that certain external factors contribute to their choice of
structured play over unstructured play to promote their preschool children’s
development. / Thesis (MSW)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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La différenciation dans l'identité des femmes privilégiant la dyade mère-père ou mère-enfantGirard, Nicole 03 March 2021 (has links)
L'étude porte sur la différenciation de la femme en fonction de sa perception de la structure de sa famille d'origine. Une description du processus identitaire a d'abord précédé, pour en venir par la suite, à une élaboration sur la famille et sur son influence dans le processus de la différenciation. Afin d’en vérifier le taux auprès des femmes, 56 d'entre elles ont été retenues parmi les quelques centaines de participantes. Elles devaient identifier la dyade la plus importante dans leur famille d'origine, s'enquérir du choix de leur mère et par la suite compléter le Personal Authority in Family System-Questionnaire (version québécoise). Les résultats obtenus montrent une différence entre les groupes à seulement deux échelles et permettent de conclure que les femmes issues de la lignée familiale privilégiant la dyade «mère-enfant» pourraient présenter des indices de fusion et pourraient être plus indifférenciées que celles issues de la lignée familiale «mère-père».
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Conflicted custody: the unfolding of a professional problem-determined systemFasser, Robyn Lesley 01 1900 (has links)
With the maturation of the child custody investigative process, the role of investigators and
the process of these investigations have come under increasing scrutiny. The investigators are
expected to be objective, neutral, and professional while following procedures that conform to
model standards. However, this assumption of a lack of bias has been largely overlooked in the
literature regarding the investigative process. It is assumed that investigators should
self-monitor to ensure that their stance is objective and neutral. Furthermore, this position of
neutrality and objectivity is assumed to be intuitive and natural.
By using a case study, this thesis investigates and describes the process of a child custody
investigation predicated on a constructivist epistemology. It highlights the impossibility of any
investigator to be objective and neutral in any investigation automatically, regardless of the
procedures and methods employed. The thesis highlights the participant observer status of
investigators. An aim of the thesis is thus to sensitise investigators to this inevitable
vulnerability with the expectation that such an awareness may allow investigators to establish
processes to render investigations consciously more balanced, considered, and transparent.
A further aim is to describe a child custody evaluation from an eco-systemic perspective by
contextualising the investigation in the larger ecosystem to which it belongs. This description
includes the investigation as part of an evolving
problem-determined system. An awareness of this wider and evolving context may enable investigators
to approximate a position of objectivity and neutrality more effectively. It may also act as an
inoculation against the ‘contamination’ of the investigator by the investigative system.
With the maturation of the child custody investigative process, the role of investigators and
the process of these investigations have come under increasing scrutiny. The investigators
are expected to be objective, neutral, and professional while following procedures that
conform to model standards. However, this assumption of a lack of bias has been largely
overlooked in the literature regarding the investigative process. It is assumed that
investigators should self-monitor to ensure that their stance is objective and neutral.
Furthermore, this position of neutrality and objectivity is assumed to be intuitive and
natural.
By using a case study, this thesis investigates and describes the process of a child
custody investigation predicated on a constructivist epistemology. It highlights the
impossibility of any investigator to be objective and neutral in any investigation
automatically, regardless of the procedures and methods employed. The thesis highlights
the participant observer status of investigators. An aim of the thesis is thus to sensitise
investigators to this inevitable vulnerability with the expectation that such an awareness
may allow investigators to establish processes to render investigations consciously more
balanced, considered, and transparent.
A further aim is to describe a child custody evaluation from an eco-systemic
perspective by contextualising the investigation in the larger ecosystem to which it
belongs. This description includes the investigation as part of an evolving
problem-determined system. An awareness of this wider and evolving context may enable
investigators to approximate a position of objectivity and neutrality more effectively. It
may also act as an inoculation against the ‘contamination’ of the investigator by the
investigative system.
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In South Africa, we have yet to formulate a document that establishes a model
standard of practice or specific, dedicated training in this area. This thesis identifies what
could be included in both areas (in addition to the expected protocols and procedures) by
describing the investigator’s position as an expert learner, rather than just an ‘expert’. In
line with current literature, it highlights the benefits of thinking consciously and in a
considered manner. Furthermore, it indicates the benefits of a team approach to
investigations, which could be considered an area for further investigation.
In South Africa, we have yet to formulate a document that establishes a model standard of practice
or specific, dedicated training in this area. This thesis identifies what could be included in both
areas (in addition to the expected protocols and procedures) by describing the investigator’s
position as an expert learner, rather than just an ‘expert’. In line with current literature, it
highlights the benefits of thinking consciously and in a considered manner. Furthermore, it
indicates the benefits of a team approach to investigations, which could be considered an area for
further investigation. / Psychology / D. LITT et. Phil. ( Psychology)
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The unacknowledged family member : the role of animals in systemsCarruthers, Angeline 11 1900 (has links)
For centuries humans and animals have shared their lives. However, it is only in
recent decades that the phenomenon of the human-animal bond and the possible
therapeutic implications thereof has begun to be explored. Due to this
exploration, many research programmes have sprung up around the world,
investigating the implementation of animals as an intervention in various
institutions. These programmes have produced overwhelmingly positive and
encouraging results. However, the research remains sparse where the significance
of a naturally occurring human-animal bond is concerned. From within an
ecosystemic worldview, the relationship between humans and animals in the
wider family system has not been extensively investigated. This dissertation
explores such a relationship, investigating the meanings and experiences within
the relationship, and how this relationship and significant systems around it
impact one another. The implications and possible therapeutic nature of this type
of relationship will be considered. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)
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Four fathers' expeiences of parental alienationHenig, Leonie Fanny 22 November 2013 (has links)
During the past few decades there has been a breakdown in the commitment to long term relationships, with no fault divorce laws making it easier for couples to obtain a divorce resulting in increase in divorce rates. Research has shown that in acrimonious divorces with high levels of conflict children often get caught in the middle of their parents’ enduring battles. These children are often prevented from or encouraged not to have contact with their non residential parent. The term parental alienation is used to describe this phenomenon. A qualitative study focusing on the personal experiences of South African fathers who seem to be victims of parental alienation, will be examined and discussed from the perspective of systems theory. / Psychology / M.A. ( Psychology)
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Socio-cultural characteristics and policies vis-à-vis seismic risk reduction throught post-quake rural reconstruction : a case study of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan / Les caractéristiques socioculturelles et les politiques vis-à-vis de réduction du risque sismique par la reconstruction post-séisme dans les zones rurales : région de l'étude, Azad Jammu et CachemireAbidi, Syeda Raaeha Tuz Zahra 20 December 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse a pour objectif d’explorer la relation entre les caractéristiques socio-culturelles et les politiques de reconstruction post-séisme dans les zones rurales de Azad Jammu et du Cachemire, au Pakistan. L’objet principal est d’examiner les pratiques architecturales traditionnelles : dhajji-dewari et la composition sociale de la communanuté pendant et après la reconstruction. Différents processus sont analysés: comment les aspects socio-culturels des sociétés rurales sont affectés par les politiques de reconstruction? Comment les politiques sont touchées par les aspects socio-culturels des commmunautés? Comment la combinaison des deux influence le processus final?Ce travail de thèse part du constat que 80% des 600 000 bâtiments endommagés ou détruits lors du séisme du 8 octobre 2005 au Cachemire, étaient des maisons rurales provisoires (Katcha). Il s’agit d’examiner jusqu’où le Programme de Reconstruction de Logement Rural (RHRP) qui a concerné quelque 100 000 maisons dhajji, a réduit ou augmenté la vulnérabilité de la zone pour l'avenir. Ce programme a été initié à partir de l’expérience de précédents programmes de reconstruction post-tremblements de terre, qui ont été d’une grande utilité pour les experts. Il restait à analyser les erreurs commises ou répétées par les différents acteurs pendant les phases d’élaboration, de validation, de mise en œuvre, et de suivi des politiques de reconstruction. Les principaux résultats de la thèse couvrent trois thèmes relatifs aux différentes étapes de la reconstruction : la durabilité de la reconstruction ; la réduction de la vulnérabilité de la reconstruction ; les résultats qui n’entrent pas dans les catégories “durabilité” et “vulnérabilité” selon les experts du Cachemire rural. La satisfaction des communautés est l’indicateur principal permettant d’évaluer les principaux résultats. L'étude conclut que la non-prise en compte des aspects socioculturels des communautés pendant la reconstruction peut augmenter la vulnérabilité du scénario de post-reconstruction. Le suivi du programme de reconstruction consiste à évaluer les tendances liées aux maisons en construction. En présentant par des illustrations les détails architecturaux de ces maisons reconstruites, l’écart avec les recommandations est évalué. Après que quelques années, les populations oublient les impacts du séisme et leurs besoins immédiats dictent leurs priorités de décision. Il est suggéré qu'à la fin du programme de reconstruction, la présence des autorités dans la zone reconstruite permette d’assister les populations dans leurs besoins actuels et futurs, et de contrôler le développement des constructions non conformes. / This thesis is aimed at exploring the relation of socio-cultural characteristics and policies with post-quake reconstruction of rural areas of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. The primary concern of the study is limited to examine the traditional architectural practice ; dhajji-dewari and social composition of the community during and after reconstruction. It is analyzed that how the socio-cultural aspects of rural communities are affected by the policies, how policies are affected by the socio-cultural aspects of the community and how both of these can influence the final product. The thesis was rooted in the fact that 80% of the 600,000 damaged/destroyed buildings during 8th October, 2005 Kashmir earthquake were rural temporary (Katcha) houses. It was hence to be investigated that how far the Rural Housing Reconstruction Program (RHRP) has reduced (or increased) the vulnerability of the area for future. The impact of any policy launched during this program was not limited to few housing units rather more than 0.1 million dhajji houses could be affected through this. The rural Kashmir reconstruction was commenced with the in-hand knowledge of several previous post-quake reconstruction programs and was appreciated widely by experts. It was yet to be explored that which mistakes were committed/repeated by the stakeholders during policy making, delivery, implementation and post implementation phases. Covering the phases of policy making, delivery and implementation, the major findings of the thesis are categorized into three sections ; the sustainability generating aspects of reconstruction, vulnerability enhancing dimensions of reconstruction, and, those outcomes of reconstruction which are not yet categorized under ”sustainability” or ”vulnerability” by the experts focusing particularly rural Kashmir. Community satisfaction is given primary focus to rate different outcomes.The study concludes that ignoring socio-cultural aspects of the community during reconstruction may lead to vulnerability in post-reconstruction scenario. Considering the post implementation phase, the current trends are observed by examining under-construction houses. By pictorially presenting the architectural details of these houses it is examined that deviations from guidelines are in practice. People start forgetting the disaster impacts after few years and their immediate needs drive their decision priorities. It is suggested that after reconstruction program ends up, some authorities must be present in the reconstructed area to guide people for their current requirements and future needs and also to control the spread of non compliant construction.
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Socio-cultural characteristics and policies vis-à-vis seismic risk reduction throught post-quake rural reconstruction : a case study of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, PakistanAbidi, Syeda Raaeha Tuz Zahra 20 December 2013 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis is aimed at exploring the relation of socio-cultural characteristics and policies with post-quake reconstruction of rural areas of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. The primary concern of the study is limited to examine the traditional architectural practice ; dhajji-dewari and social composition of the community during and after reconstruction. It is analyzed that how the socio-cultural aspects of rural communities are affected by the policies, how policies are affected by the socio-cultural aspects of the community and how both of these can influence the final product. The thesis was rooted in the fact that 80% of the 600,000 damaged/destroyed buildings during 8th October, 2005 Kashmir earthquake were rural temporary (Katcha) houses. It was hence to be investigated that how far the Rural Housing Reconstruction Program (RHRP) has reduced (or increased) the vulnerability of the area for future. The impact of any policy launched during this program was not limited to few housing units rather more than 0.1 million dhajji houses could be affected through this. The rural Kashmir reconstruction was commenced with the in-hand knowledge of several previous post-quake reconstruction programs and was appreciated widely by experts. It was yet to be explored that which mistakes were committed/repeated by the stakeholders during policy making, delivery, implementation and post implementation phases. Covering the phases of policy making, delivery and implementation, the major findings of the thesis are categorized into three sections ; the sustainability generating aspects of reconstruction, vulnerability enhancing dimensions of reconstruction, and, those outcomes of reconstruction which are not yet categorized under "sustainability" or "vulnerability" by the experts focusing particularly rural Kashmir. Community satisfaction is given primary focus to rate different outcomes.The study concludes that ignoring socio-cultural aspects of the community during reconstruction may lead to vulnerability in post-reconstruction scenario. Considering the post implementation phase, the current trends are observed by examining under-construction houses. By pictorially presenting the architectural details of these houses it is examined that deviations from guidelines are in practice. People start forgetting the disaster impacts after few years and their immediate needs drive their decision priorities. It is suggested that after reconstruction program ends up, some authorities must be present in the reconstructed area to guide people for their current requirements and future needs and also to control the spread of non compliant construction.
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以家庭系統觀進行家庭測量之研究—以家庭分化為例 / The Research of System Measurement as Family System Paradigm:The Example of Family Differentiation孫頌賢, Sun, Sung-Hsien Unknown Date (has links)
本研究乃依據家庭系統理論的觀點,欲探討家庭分化的測量問題與內涵,以企圖進行不同成員間觀點的測量與相關問題探討。其以「起飛期家庭」之在大學就讀學生為主要測量中心,但測量單位以家庭為單位,包括起飛期家庭中的大學生或研究生、父、母等三人,正式研究結果共蒐集到77個家庭的分化資料。主要研究結果可分成六個方面:
第一,研究發現成員間同時具備「一致性」與「不一致性」的現象,此種「同中有異」、「異中有同」的系統特性,反映出系統測量時的獨特之處,在此方面的重要結果包括1.系統不一致性的現象受到不同家庭分化議題的影響;2.孩子與父母間對於「父母關係」中的分化內涵有較大的不一致性;3.父親與孩子之間對於「親子關係」的分化內涵有較大的不一致性;4.母親與孩子以及母親與父親間在不同雙人關係的分化內涵上,有較多的一致性;5.母親與女孩比母親對男孩之間有較多「情感共振」的糾葛;6.系統的一致性表現受到不同雙人組合方式以及不同分化內涵而有所差異。
第二,在驗證系統理論方面,其結果包括1.家庭系統中不同成員對分化的內涵總和不等於系統本身的分化內涵;2.家庭整體性並不能成功的被驗證,但父子次系統、母子次系統、父母次系統確實存在;3.驗證父子次系統、母子次系統、父母次系統之間具有相關連性。
第三,在多元化的測量內涵上,研究發現,原本Wood所發展出的接近性分化內涵並不能夠清楚的被驗證,但以「情感共振」與「干涉侵權」兩大因素之架構,可發現較適配的因素架構,而「情感共振」因素較適合進行整體系統的測量。
第四,在多元化測量面向中之不同對象上,發現進行家庭系統測量時,其測量單位應以「整個家庭」為單位,故測量對象應包括父、母、子三者,所獲得的資料會更接近系統系也更加豐富。
第五,在多元化測量面向中之不同次系統上,進行家庭系統測量時,必須將不同次系統分開測量,且不同次系統所著重的分化內涵之議題可能有所不同,而每個成員對於不同次系統之知覺分化內涵也可能有所不同,尤其是在「親子關係」和「夫妻關係」、以及「母子關係」與「母女關係」有顯著不同的分化內涵。
第六,在家庭系統分析方法上,不同成員間觀點之差異性是確實存在的,若使用「平均數法」與「差異數法」,則可能消弭了成員間的不一致性,故過去傳統使用「平均數法」與「差異數法」處理系統資料是較不適合的。
最後針對此研究結果,討論系統測量時的原則與方法,以及在實務上的啟發與建議。
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Men and masculinities in the changing Japanese familyUmegaki, Hiroko January 2017 (has links)
The shifting topography of contemporary Japanese society is engendering a significant reorientation of men’s family relations. However, exactly how Japanese men are adapting to these broad-based trends, including parent-child relations, demographics, marriage norms, care provision, residential choices, and gender roles, as well as in the decline of Confucian worldviews, remains relatively obscure. In this dissertation, I explore men’s everyday practices underpinning their family relations as husbands, fathers, sons-in-law, and grandfathers. I conducted ethnographic fieldwork in the summers of 2013 and 2014 in Hyogo, through narrative interviews and participant-observation. I find husbands’ view of their wives transitioning from having a culturally prescribed duty to perform domestic matters to simply having responsibility for domestic matters. This opens up space for negotiation within married couples, with my informants providing what I refer to as additional help, which offers new insight into charting the evolution of hegemonic masculinity. I evidence relatedness founded on exchange as an approach to understand relations across the extended family, which importantly involves additional help, financial resources, and intimacy. I underscore how men selectively seek intimacy in some family relations, notably as fathers and grandfathers. Provision of additional help and seeking of intimacy lead to men’s (re)construction of masculinities differing across family relations, with an important reason for men to select their practices so as to craft their family relations is to address their sense of well-being. Further, the pattern of men’s family relations reveals the emergence of substantially novel sons-in-law relations, as compared to that found in ie patriarchal norms. This evidence suggests a fundamental shift from a vertically-dominated set of family relations, as in the ie household, to a more horizontal, fluid set of relations across the extended family.
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The unacknowledged family member : the role of animals in systemsCarruthers, Angeline 11 1900 (has links)
For centuries humans and animals have shared their lives. However, it is only in
recent decades that the phenomenon of the human-animal bond and the possible
therapeutic implications thereof has begun to be explored. Due to this
exploration, many research programmes have sprung up around the world,
investigating the implementation of animals as an intervention in various
institutions. These programmes have produced overwhelmingly positive and
encouraging results. However, the research remains sparse where the significance
of a naturally occurring human-animal bond is concerned. From within an
ecosystemic worldview, the relationship between humans and animals in the
wider family system has not been extensively investigated. This dissertation
explores such a relationship, investigating the meanings and experiences within
the relationship, and how this relationship and significant systems around it
impact one another. The implications and possible therapeutic nature of this type
of relationship will be considered. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)
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