布婉冰. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院中國藝術史哲學碩士課程, 1996. / 參考文献 : leaves 51-55. / Bu Wanbing. / 謝辭 / 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 方以智及其時代 --- p.2 / Chapter 第一節： --- 家世 --- p.2 / Chapter 第二節： --- 生平傳略 --- p.9 / Chapter 第二章 --- 方以智的繪畫藝術 --- p.29 / Chapter 第一節： --- 畫學淵源及早期風格 --- p.29 / Chapter 第二節： --- 個人畫風之建立 --- p.36 / Chapter 第三節： --- 晚年造詣 --- p.41 / 附錄(一） 方以智書畫簡表 --- p.46 / 附錄(二） 參考書目 --- p.51 / 圖版目錄 --- p.56

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California at Berkeley, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 714-746).

Thesis (DLitt (English)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / The policy to preserve and implement mother tongues as medium of education in Gabon will lead to the establishing of a bilingual education system. This system will involve mother tongues and French, the official language. In many countries people are nowadays more and more aware of making provision for a multilingual education. In education this has been regarded as the new way and key to development over the last decades. It means that the implementation of a bilingual education system must also include a trilingual vision. Different and new approaches to the role of dictionaries, also in the context in Gabon, lead to diverse areas of particular concern, which are challenging for the metalexicographical research. Accordingly, Part I of the dissertation first presents a comprehensive draft of the structural possibilities of the formulation and compilation of a new type of dictionary. This draft provides for the motivations for the formulation of a Specialized Fang-French- English multi-volume School Dictionary in Gabon, as a type of dictionary, which can fit into the current situation of the national languages and education in Gabon. This comprehensive draft is followed by a complete analysis of the intended target users, who are, among others, students, teachers, educational psychologists, experts in charge of the compilation of textbooks and other study materials, lexicographers and linguistics. This analysis includes the characteristics, the user situations and the user problems or needs of this heterogeneous intended target user group of the proposed dictionary...

Cette thèse se propose d’examiner les représentations de la femme dans Ekomo (1985) de María Nsue Angüe et Hija de la fortuna (1998) d’Isabel Allende. Dans l’un comme dans l’autre texte, la femme est marginalisée en tant que fille, mère et épouse. Dans Ekomo, María Nsue Angüe soutient que cette situation perdure depuis la fondation des tribus fang par l’ancêtre, Afrikara. Une période durant laquelle, la femme s’illustrait tantôt par sa traîtrise, tantôt par sa sorcellerie. L’enseignement de la généalogie des tribus destiné aux jeunes hommes, conforte cette idée. Ainsi, alors que les jeunes hommes sont préparés pour dominer, les jeunes filles de leur côté, sont éduquées pour obéir et se soumettre. Une image de paria dont la femme tant dans Hija de la fortuna que dans Ekomo ne parvient que rarement à défaire. Cependant, deux événements vont accélérer la prise de conscience des femmes de cette marginalisation et favoriser leur libération. D’abord le contact de la tradition fang avec la culture occidentale et l’école en particulier et, ensuite le voyage ou l’éloignement de la femme de la famille. Chez María Nsue Angüe tout comme chez Isabel Allende, la libération de la femme suscite des interrogations tant leurs propositions paraissent inappropriées. / The aim of this thesis is to consider women representations in the books Ekomo (1985) and Hija de la fortuna, respectively written by María Nsue Angüe and Isabel Allende. In both books, women are marginalized. In Ekomo, María Nsue Angüe states that the situation has not been changing since the Fang tribe foundation by the ancestor, Afrikara. During this period women were renowned for treachery and witchcraft. The genealogical teachings given to boys, venerate the male ancestors and dishonor females. Therefore, while boys are trained to dominate and to carry out noble tasks, girls are educated to obey and to be obsequious. Women rarely manage to get rid of this ancestral and historic pariah image in Hija de la fortuna and Ekomo. Two events will accelerate women's awareness of their marginalization and will help them to get free. Firstly, the contact between the Fang tradition and the European culture and particularly school and then the journey and the estrangement of women from their family. With both María Nsue Angüe and Isabel Allende, women freedom gives rise to so many questions because their statements are inappropriate.

Cette thèse consiste en une description du Fang-Nzaman, langue bantoue parlée au Gabon en Afrique Centrale. Le travail présente la phonologie en commençant par l'identification des phonèmes, avec la mise en relief des paires minimales qui permettent d'opposer les phonèmes : /mb/ vs /b/ et de les classer comme unités distinctives. Le choix des oppositions qui sont présentées a été fait en fonction des éléments nécessaires à l'identification dans certaines positions. Pour les phonèmes, le lexème permet les oppositions dans les structures les plus usitées. Les phonèmes sont ainsi définis dans leur fonctionnement et dans leur classement.Les unités discrètes sont indispensables au fonctionnement de langues, mais les éléments majeurs suprasegmentaux de la prosodie que sont les tons dans le fang-nzaman le sont aussi. Ils sont répertoriés en tons ponctuels et tons modulés.L'organisation de ces unités a permis l'identification de différentes positions occupées par les catégories grammaticales ou lexicales dans le syntagme ; après la définition des éléments du système dans le cadre syntaxique, on a procédé à l'analyse des classes nominales. L'étude des catégories grammaticales permet également d'envisager la morphologie dans le cadre d'un paradigme nominal et dans un aperçu du paradigme verbal. Le paradigme nominal inventorie les indices de classe, les détermine à partir de trois critères, la forme du préfixe nominal, l'appariement des classes et les accords de classe. La langue permet aussi d'étudier le fonctionnement des indices de classe avec les pronoms dans les énoncés. / This thesis is a description of Fang-Nzaman, a Bantu language spoken in Gabon, in Central Africa. This work identifies the phonemes of Fang-Nzaman, highlighting the existence of minimal pairs opposing the phonemes /mb/ and /b/, which shows that they are distinctive units.The oppositions presented were chosen according to the representativeness of the elements necessary to identification in certain positions. For phonemes, the lexeme allows for oppositions in the most commonly used structures. Phonemes are thus defined in terms of their behaviour and their classification.Discrete units are key to the understanding of languages, but major suprasegmental elements of prosody, such as the tones of Fang-Nzaman, are also crucial. They are classified into punctual tones and contour tones.The organization of those units has made it possible to identify the various positions occupied by the grammatical or lexical categories in the syntactic unit and to define the elements of the system within a syntactic framework, prior to the analysis of noun classes.Thus, the study of grammatical categories makes it possible to analyze morphology in terms of a noun paradigm and, briefly, a verb paradigm. The noun paradigm lists the class affixes, identifying them on the basis of three criteria: form of the noun prefix, pairing and class inflection. The language also makes it possible to show how class affixes are used with pronouns in speech.

Lee Lai Peng Elizabeth. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1996-97, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / Introduction / Chapter I --- point of departure --- p.1 / Chapter II --- project selection --- p.1 / clients and users / project analysis / Chapter III --- subject analysis / project Portrait --- p.1 / precedents --- p.2 / Chapter IV --- client / user analysis / functional Relationships --- p.1 / schedule of accommodation --- p.2 / Chapter V --- site / context analysis / location --- p.1 / context / access / transportation --- p.2 / future reclamation --- p.3 / restrictions --- p.4 / Chapter VI --- process / archipoint --- p.1 / identify the problem --- p.3 / conceptual --- p.9 / development --- p.15 / master plan --- p.17 / design development --- p.21 / summary --- p.23 / Chapter VII --- final project / major planning strategy --- p.1 / landscape strategy --- p.5 / site planning --- p.7 / volumetrics --- p.8 / functional relationship --- p.9 / circulation --- p.10 / shared use studies --- p.11 / detail studies --- p.13

Thèse de 3e cycle : Ethnologie : Lyon 2 : 1974. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.. Index.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Zhi dao jiao shou: Lü dale 880-04 Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis examines the rationale behind the work of Thomé H. Fang 方東美 (Fang Dongmei, 1899-1977) and Tang Junyi 唐君毅 (1909-1978), two of the most important Confucian thinkers in twentieth-century China, who appropriated aspects of the medieval Chinese Buddhist school of Huayan to develop a response to the challenges of ‘scientism’, the belief, widespread in their times, that quantitative natural science is the only valuable part of human learning and the only source of truth. As the status of Confucianism in China had declined from the mid-nineteenth century, non-Confucian ideas were appropriated by Chinese thinkers for developing responses to ‘scientism’, adopting the principle of fanben kaixin 返本開新 (going back to the origin and developing new elements). Buddhist ideas from a range of schools played an important role in this. Unlike other thinkers who turned to the schools of Consciousness-Only and Tiantai, Fang and Tang, for reasons of their own, saw the thought of the Huayan school as the apex of Buddhism and so drew on selected aspects to support and develop their own views. Fang regarded Huayan thought as a fine example of the idea of ‘harmony’, since in its vision of the perfect state all phenomena co-exist without contradiction. Interpreting the explanation of this given by Dushun 杜順 (557-640) in his own way, Fang argued that human beings are able to integrate physical, biological and psychic elements of the ‘natural order’ with values such as truth, beauty and goodness which belong to the ‘transcendental order’. He thus proposed that scientism’s view of humanity as matter could be incorporated without contradiction but also without excluding ‘non-scientific’ aesthetic, moral and religious values. By contrast, Tang stressed the characteristics of Huayan’s theory of ‘doctrinal classification’, as developed by Fazang 法藏 (643-712). Interpreting this to mean that different ideas could be applicable in different periods, Tang argued that the worldview of ‘scientism’ may indeed help solve problems in its own sphere, such as the desire for scientific development. Other paradigms, however, are preferable in discussing moral issues. In other words, this Buddhist theory allowed him to claim that both Confucianism and ‘scientism’ have their own value. Neither of them should be negated in principle. I argue that Fang’s and Tang’s selective appropriations of Huayan thought not only paid heed to the hermeneutical importance of studying ancient texts in order to be more responsive to modern issues, a concern hotly debated in the field of Chinese philosophical studies, but also helped confirm the values of Confucianism under the challenge of ‘scientism’. In short, by absorbing ideas from Huayan thought, both Fang and Tang, to different extents and in different ways, provided responses to the challenge of ‘scientism’ which gave a place to science without rejecting the importance of human faculties such as aesthetic appreciation and moral judgment or asserting the dominance of perception and cognition over other human faculties, the ultimate cause, as they saw it, of ‘scientism’.

Au regard de la situation ethnosociologique de l'Afrique noire aujourd'hui, on reconnaît que toute son évolution vers un nouveau mode de penser et de vivre l'éloigne de son héritage et la rend étrangère à son propre patrimoine culturel. Dans cette perte incessante des us et coutumes, certaines valeurs culturelles résistent tant bien que mal à la modernité : c'est le cas de la possession d'une descendance. Cette thèse ambitionne d'approcher une société patrilinéaire du Gabon-les Fang, à partir des questions et des solutions sociales que celle-ci apporte à la problématique de la fécondité et de la stérilité. Le couple fécondité/stérilité qui nous apparaît comme les deux faces d'une même problématique est, dans notre entendement, un véritable opérateur logique des grands enjeux qui parcourent toute société et en fondent son tissu social, voire son organisation politique. Vue dans cette perspective, l'analyse des formes culturelles particulières de la question de la fécondité chez les Fang du Gabon sera moins une manière monographique de nous replier sur un exemple restreint que de nous attacher à un approfondissement significatif d'un exemple culturel en vue de sa confrontation interculturelle à d'autres sociétés, et donc de tendre à l'élaboration d'une modélisation destinée à éclairer, à travers l'examen de ses diverses composantes, toute forme culturelle d'intérêt à cette question et toute modalité de sa résolution sociale, aussi bien au niveau étatique qu'au niveau ethnique. Car la stérilité, qui, d'un point de vue clinique, relève d'une incapacité biologique imputable à une maladie, est ici perçue comme une privation, une malédiction, voire une punition à expier / In regard to the ethno sociologic situation of Black Africa today, it is evident their is a new mode of thought and life which has strayed away from heritage. Considering this incessent loss of customs, certain cultural values have endured, despite the current trends of modernity. For instance, the strong sense of value to continue the family lineage. This thesis sets out to examine the patrilinear society of Gabon- the Fang, in relation to the social solutions which contribute to the problematic of fecundity and sterility. The group composed of the fecundity and sterility which entailed the two-sided focus of this problematic as it is a strong fibre of the social tissue of the society, which is also examined alongside the political organisation. Within this perspective, the analysis of particular cultural forms of the question of fecundity and sterility by the Fang of Gabon will not just be viewed in a monographic manner on those which withdraw and restrain from significant deeping and change in modernity of culture, in light of the intercultural confrontation by other societies. Thus, it will also entail an analysis which strive to describe a model destined to clarify, cross-examine the different composants, all cultural forms of interest to this question and all termes of this social resolution. As well as, at the state level and ethnic level. As sterility is often viewed from a clinical point of view which accounts for a biological incapacity attributable to illness. However it is also perceived as deprivation, an a curse and punishment to suffer. Which this thesis has employed with an anthropological and cultural perspective