Orientador: Orlando Fontes Lima Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T10:51:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Verroni_JoseHenriqueZioni_M.pdf: 877545 bytes, checksum: 5760704a66b34d2a95e7cf018c4b1fba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: As metodologias utilizadas para a definição do valor da tarifa têm sido baseadas na chamada ¿Planilha do GEIPOT¿, desenvolvida em 1982 e atualizada em 1994. Apesar de ser amplamente utilizada, esta metodologia apresenta algumas limitações, as quais podem ser separadas entre distorções de método, uma vez que não consideram o horizonte de planejamento como uma das variáveis determinantes do preço de serviços, e distorções de parâmetros, dentre as quais vale destacar a forma de tratamento da depreciação e da remuneração do capital Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se e avaliou-se um procedimento alternativo de cálculo da tarifa do transporte público urbano de passageiros por ônibus através do método de fluxo de caixa descontado com o objetivo de minimizar as distorções. A novidade deste procedimento é o emprego de índices financeiros (Remuneração do Capital e Taxa Interna de Retorno), para a definição das tarifas, que consideram o longo prazo das contratações realizadas entre gestores públicos e operadores privados. Através da análise da bibliografia que versa sobre o tema e de um estudo de caso elaborado com base em três sistemas distintos de transporte público, demonstrou-se que o cálculo de tarifa pelo método do fluxo de caixa descontado apresenta maior eficiência sob as óticas do usuário, do operador e do Poder Público, a saber, respectivamente: a) preço e qualidade do serviço, b) rentabilidade e margem do resultado e c) sobrevivência do operador e satisfação do usuário. Os resultados obtidos nos dois primeiros casos mostram que no longo prazo há um acréscimo no valor da tarifa, enquanto que no terceiro, há um decréscimo. Entende-se que haja viabilidade de uso do procedimento proposto devendo-se, entretanto, desenvolver mais alguns submodelos, tais como, para a definição dos custos de manutenção e sua inter-relação com a depreciação e remuneração do capital / Abstract: Traditional methodologies used for the calculation of fares values rely on the "GEIPOT Worksheet", developed in 1982 and up-dated in 1994. Although this is the most commonly used methodology in Brazil, it presents some limitations, which can be divided in two different categories. In terms of methods, the GEIPOT Worksheet does not consider the planning horizon as one of the most important determinants of service prices. In terms of parameters, it is worth to mention the accounting treatment given to assets depreciation and capital remuneration. The purpose of this work is to minimize the mentioned distortions and limitations through the development of an alternative methodology for calculation of public transportation fares based on discounted cash flow models. The methodology originality is the use of financial indexes, as cost of capital and internal rate of return, as the basis for fare prices definition, considering the term of contracts undertaken by the Public Company the and the Private Operators. Based on an extensive analysis of the correlated bibliography and a case study developed in three different public transportation systems, we demonstrate that discounted cash flow models are more efficient than the traditional methods according to the perspective of users, operators and Public Authority, considering (i) the service price and quality, (ii) profitability and operational margin, and (iii) the operator sustainability and the users satisfaction. The results obtained in the first two cases indicated that in the long run the proposed model would result in an increase of fare values, while in the third case the proposed model would result in the decrease of fare values in comparison to traditional models. It is acknowledged that the alternative methodology is feasible to be applied, only requiring the development of sub-models for specific topics, as the maintenance costs definition and it¿s relation to the capital depreciation and remuneration / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

This thesis explores the possibility of estimating the outcome of a flight ticket fare comparison search, also called flight meta search, before it has been performed, as being able to do thiscould be highly useful in improving the flight meta search technology used today. The algorithm explored in this thesis is a distance weighted k-nearest neighbour, where the distance metric is a linear equation with sixteen features of first degree extracted from the input of the search. It is found that while the approach may have potential, the distance metric used in this thesis isnot sufficient to capture the similarities needed, and the end algorithm performs only slightly better than random. At the end of this thesis a series of possible further improvements are presented, that could potentially help improve the performance of the algorithm to a level that would be more useful.

In 2015 a number of 35 000 unaccompanied children came to Sweden with hopes of having a brighter future and finding some sort of safety. There are many reasons as to why unaccompanied children seek asylum, escaping a war-town country, human trafficking and forced marriage are just a few to be named. It is common that these children carry traumatic experiences from their flight which needs to be taken care of, otherwise these children risk their health and wellbeing. With this study we aim to analyze how the guidelines regarding integration work from Malmö Stad respond to the children’s needs. To do this we have compared the guidelines with a mapping made by Socialstyrelsen (the National Board of Health and Welfare) as well as with previous research by scientific articles and by applying theories. The results show that the needs of unaccompanied children are complex, and that it is challenging to provide what is needed. For one to establish themselves in a new country, it takes a lot of different elements of the integration work that are all depending on one another. If one element isn’t fulfilled the other elements are at risk of enabling the integration process. Malmö Stads guidelines have many important elements in mind and it clearly shows that they care for the wellbeing of unaccompanied children. By applying theories the analysis gained a critical perspective of the guidelines and the actual work practice. A well worded plan regarding integration brings awareness regarding the needs of unaccompanied children, that later will spread throughout the operation and society as a whole.

The municipalities in Sweden must confront with constantly evolving challenges for a sustainable society. One of these challenges is the vital transportation system which enables the society to function properly. However, it is important to recognize that the transportation system itself presents various factors that require careful consideration. Fare-free public transport has properties that have the potential to address many of the problems the society are facing today. This study aims to examine the characteristics and advantages of the fare-free public transport system and assess its alignment with Umeå municipality's sustainability objectives in transportation and urban planning. To achieve this, a document study is conducted to identify Umeå municipality's sustainability goals, while a literature review is done to assess the impacts of implementing a fare-free public transport system. By combining the findings, the paper aims to provide insights into the research objective. The findings suggest that the viability of fare-free public transport depends on the extent to which planners and policymakers are willing to compromise on different dimensions of sustainability. Fare-free public transport can address the social dimension of sustainability goals in Umeå municipality but falls short in achieving the ecological and economical dimensions.

The topic of this diploma thesis is Italian causative constructions fare + infinitive. The work is divided into two parts. In the first, theoretical, part the author defines Italian causative constructions then he describes their syntactic and semantic properties. After that the author turns his focus to Czech causative constructions which are followed by the second, practical, part of the work. In that part the author works with itWaC, an Italian web corpus, on the basis of which he makes a list of verbs that enter into causative constructions. Thereafter, the author proposes translations of the most frequent constructions and in case of more possible translations of the same one, he tries to theoretically explain such a situation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Eduardo Moge.pdf: 635360 bytes, checksum: 2b122beff618b8e5b88b606cebea4eb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The electricity s ambient sector in it s various aspects has been modified and becoming more demanding, specially concerning to the fare price practised for electrical trade organizations and its consumers. Aneel, the regulatory agency, responsible for the fare review, uses for the obrainment of ingormations, basically, the accounting data of the organizations, which is elaborated through conventional concepts whose are not based on facts. The fair definition of the fare for the consumer, as well as the electrical trade distributor becomes necessary that informations used in the review process correspond to reality. Aneel is the responsibible for the settlement of the fares wich ensure to the consumer the right and fair electricity s payment, as well as assure the economic and financial equilibrium of the organization, to make possible the offer of a quality, trusty and continuous service. This practice is known in the concession contracts as modest fare . Is is realistc for the consumers and ecanomically satisfactory for the electrical trade organization, providing economic and financial balance. This way, this work emphasizes that Economic Management is the only management model which can measure the real economic value of organizations, that could be the group of concepts of Economic Management for being applied in the adjustment methodology and fare review of the electrical trade organizations, so this organizations can reach the economic and financial balance which is purposed in the concession. Therefore, the adjustment and fare review methodology was presented, created and used for Aneel during the price formation of the electricity and presenting a group of concepts that must support the organization. It can be concluded that financial and economical equilibrium purposed for the prices methodology of Aneel must be in step of facts and suppoted for a group of concepts considering the economical management and the application of the main components of this methodology brings conceptual impacts which must be later measured, through mathematical formulas which are components of the created methodology / O ambiente do setor de distribuição de energia elétrica em seus diversos aspectos vem-se modificando e tornando-se cada vez mais exigente, principalmente no que diz respeito ao preço da tarifa praticada pelas concessionárias a seus consumidores. A Aneel, reguladora do setor, responsável pela revisão tarifária, utiliza como base para se obter informações para o processo de revisão, basicamente, a contabilidade das concessionárias, cuja é elaborada através de conceitos ortodoxos e que não representam a realidade dos fatos. Para que a tarifa seja definida de forma justa, tanto para o consumidor, quanto para a concessionária distribuidora é necessário que as informações utilizadas no processo de revisão sejam as mensuradas de acordo com conceitos que representam a realidade dos fatos. Cabe a Aneel estabelecer as tarifas que assegurem ao consumidor o pagamento de um valor justo pela energia elétrica, como também garantir o equilíbrio econômico-financeiro da empresa, para que ela possa oferecer um serviço com qualidade, confiabilidade e continuidade. Esta prática é conhecida dentro dos contratos de concessão como modicidade tarifária . O que é justo para o consumidor, e ao mesmo tempo satisfatório economicamente para a empresa concessionária, proporcionando seu equilíbrio econômico-financeiro. Dessa forma, este trabalho objetivou, relevando que a Gestão Econômica, é o único modelo de gestão que através de suas premissas consegue mensurar o real valor econômico das organizações, qual a seria o conjunto de conceitos da Gestão Econômica a ser aplicado na metodologia de reajuste e revisão tarifária das concessionárias de distribuição de energia elétrica para que tais empresas alcançassem o equilíbrio econômico-financeiro proposto pela concessão. Para tanto foi apresentado a metodologia de reajuste e revisão tarifária criada e utilizada pela Aneel na formação do preço da energia elétrica e apresentado também um conjunto de conceitos que devem suportar a mesma. Pode-se concluir que o equilíbrio econômico-financeiro proposto pela metodologia de preços da Aneel deve estar alinhado, suportado, por um conjunto de conceitos à luz da gestão econômica, e que estes aplicados aos principais componentes da referida metodologia provocam impactos conceituais que devem posteriormente ser mensurados através das fórmulas matemáticas constantes na metodologia criada

Cette thèse de doctorat est consacrée aux politiques de transport public gratuit, à travers des données empiriques tirées d'une analyse géographique globale de la FFPT et de programmes particuliers de FFPT à Tallinn (Estonie), Aubagne (France) et Chengdu (Chine). Le travail empirique et les réflexions qui y sont menées résultent d’un intérêt pour les « alternatives » urbaines et d’une réflexion sur la façon dont les celles-ci pourraient être identifiées et étudiées dans le domaine de transports urbains. Reconnaissant la domination des perspectives dites « néoclassiques » et « durables » sur le transport urbain, la thèse propose de remettre en cause cette domination en intégrant une dimension explicitement urbaine dans l'analyse des politiques des transports. L'objectif principal de la recherche est donc de renforcer le lien entre les traditions critiques de la théorie urbaine et la géographie des transports en analysant et en démontrant comment les politiques des transports sont également des politiques urbaines. Elle développe ainsi un cadre inspiré du concept de « droit à la ville » d’Henri Lefebvre. Cela permet d'étudier comment les politiques de transports sont étayées par des questions de gouvernance, de coalitions et de régimes urbains ;quels intérêts et acteurs elle représentent ;comment elles sont au centre de l’entre-preneurialisme urbain ainsi que des résistances aux logiques entrepreneuriales ;quel rôle elle jouent dans la compétitivité territoriale ;comment elle peuvent être explorées à travers des questions liées à la participation des travailleurs et des citoyens, en soulignant le rôle de ses travailleurs et utilisateurs. Dans ce sens, le « droit à la ville » est proposé comme une grille d’analyse critique à travers laquelle la réalité des transports urbains peut être vue, analysée et, de manière volontairement normative, modifiée. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

<p>The social policy defines what is social problems. There is no clear scientific explanation to why children fare badly and unity in what constitutes a bad parenthood that leads to deficiency of care (Sundell&Egelund 2000). The society's values are fickle and influences what to be defined as social problems. In the prevailing period, the discourse produces the social norm (Claezon 2004).</p><p>The aim with this study was to examine which children that fare badly and attitudes about it the good and the insufficient parenthood between 1921-1923 and 1997-2007. The survey was a qualitative file study in witch we studied child welfare. Resemblances and differences have also been studied between these two periods.  This in order to get a grasp on what has been changed and what is left of the old times and still influence the modern society in child welfare.</p><p>Our theoretical starting point is the power of the discourse.Children that are considered fare badly and the attitude of what defines good parenthood is shaped by the cultural values of society that is made visible in child welfare. Through this theoretical perspectives, children, young people and parents that are defined as deviant with shortcomings and imperfection that is to be corrected by the society’s measures. Fahlgren (1999) claims that discourse vary both historically and cultural in the society and its aim is to create order and truth within different areas and is also based on views about interpretation in the society. This is how norms are created of what is considered to be normal.</p><p>The result of our study shows that the social welfare of children is influenced by attitudes within society. The prevailing discourse influence how society defines which children fare badly and that the conception is about good respective insufficient parenthood. This is changed over time and characterized of the society's cultural and historical contexts.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: child welfare, children fare badly, parenthood</p>

The social policy defines what is social problems. There is no clear scientific explanation to why children fare badly and unity in what constitutes a bad parenthood that leads to deficiency of care (Sundell&amp;Egelund 2000). The society's values are fickle and influences what to be defined as social problems. In the prevailing period, the discourse produces the social norm (Claezon 2004). The aim with this study was to examine which children that fare badly and attitudes about it the good and the insufficient parenthood between 1921-1923 and 1997-2007. The survey was a qualitative file study in witch we studied child welfare. Resemblances and differences have also been studied between these two periods.  This in order to get a grasp on what has been changed and what is left of the old times and still influence the modern society in child welfare. Our theoretical starting point is the power of the discourse.Children that are considered fare badly and the attitude of what defines good parenthood is shaped by the cultural values of society that is made visible in child welfare. Through this theoretical perspectives, children, young people and parents that are defined as deviant with shortcomings and imperfection that is to be corrected by the society’s measures. Fahlgren (1999) claims that discourse vary both historically and cultural in the society and its aim is to create order and truth within different areas and is also based on views about interpretation in the society. This is how norms are created of what is considered to be normal. The result of our study shows that the social welfare of children is influenced by attitudes within society. The prevailing discourse influence how society defines which children fare badly and that the conception is about good respective insufficient parenthood. This is changed over time and characterized of the society's cultural and historical contexts.   Keywords: child welfare, children fare badly, parenthood

The problem of creating dynamic fare model consists of two tasks - estimating demand for train tickets and multistage optimization of price of fare. We introduce a model of inhomogeneous Markov process for the process of selling the tickets in this thesis. Because of the complexity of the state space the optimization problem needs to be solved using simulation methods. The solution was implemented in R language for single-stage and two-stage problems. Before this application we summarize the theory of inhomogeneous Markov process with special attention to process with separable inhomogeneity. Then we propose methods for estimating the intensity using maximum likelihood theory. We also describe and compare two algorithms for simulated optimization. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)