In dieser Arbeit wird die nanoskalige Struktur von Grenzschichten in binären metallischen Multischichten untersucht. Ausgangspunkt sind laserdeponierte Multischichten des mischbaren Systems Fe/Al und des nichtmischbaren Systems Co/Cu. Die Struktur der durch die hochenergetischen Teilchen bei der Deposition entstandenen Grenzschichten wird mit Hilfe von zahlreichen Analyseverfahren (RBS, CEMS, EXAFS, Röntgenverfahren, TEM, AES und magnetische Messungen), sowie Simulationsrechnungen auf Basis des ballistischen Mischens (TRIDYN) untersucht. Anschließend wird mit Hilfe von Ionenstrahlmischen und thermischem Anlassen die Grenzschichtstruktur weiter modifiziert.

In this study a series of novel Fe-based materials derived from a bulk metallic glass-forming composition was investigated to improve the ductility of this high-strength glassy alloy. The interplay between the factors chemistry, structure and resulting mechanical properties was analyzed in detail. It has been recognized that subtle modifications of the chemical composition (carbon addition) lead to appreciable changes in the phase formation, which occurs upon solidification (from a single-phase structure to composite materials). As a consequence, significant differences in the mechanical response of the particular samples have been observed. The materials developed here were fabricated by centrifugal casting. To explore the structure features of the as-cast cylinders, manifold experimental techniques (X-ray diffraction, optical, as well as electron microscopy) were employed. The occurrence of the numerous reflections on the X-ray diffraction patterns has confirmed the crystalline nature of the studied Fe-based alloy systems. The subsequent extensive research on their deformation behavior (Vickers hardness and room temperature compression tests) has revealed that, although the glass-forming ability of the investigated compositions is not high enough to obtain a glassy phase as a product of casting, excellent mechanical characteristics (high strength - comparable to that of the reference bulk metallic glass (BMG) - associated with good ductility) were achieved for the “composite-like” alloys. In contrast, the single phase cylinders, subjected to compressive loading, manifested an amazing capacity for plastic deformation – no failure occurred. The fracture motives developed during deformation of the “composite-structured” samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The main emphasis has been put on understanding the mechanisms of crack propagation. Owing to the structural complexity of the deformed samples, it was crucial to elucidate the properties of the individual compounds. Based on the obtained results it was concluded that the coexistence of a soft f.c.c. γ-Fe phase in combination with a hard complex matrix is responsible for the outstanding mechanical response of the tested composites. While the soft particles of an austenite contribute to the ductility (they hinder the crack propagation and hence, cause unequivocal strain-hardening), the hard constituents of the matrix phase yield the strength.

On the volcanic ocean island Tenerife in the Canary archipelago, several giant flank collapses haveoccurred over the last one million years. The link between the lateral collapses and the resultingvolcanism in the rift zones is not fully understood and was investigated within the framework of thisproject. A field survey along the north eastern rift zone on Tenerife was performed, where dyke intrusionstructural data was collected to analyse the exact distribution of dykes in the area. To determine themagma ascent rate, diffusion analysis of major elements in olivine crystals was conducted incollaboration with ETH Zürich. Additionally, analogue gelatine model experiments were performed toimprove the understanding of the processes that reconfigure linear rift zones to triaxial or multiaxial riftzones. Injections of fluid into the gelatine ridges produced fractures which mainly were linear andfollowed the along strike direction. Position A’ in the centre of the unstable section, produced the mostdiverse injection patterns and had a roughly 30 % higher acceleration compared to position A, positionedat the border of the unstable section. From the results of the diffusion modelling of Mg in olivinephenocrysts an ascent rate of the magma was calculated to an average ascent velocity of 10.4–14.0 km/h.This is extremely fast and suggests that the Orotava collapse is strongly connected to the formation ofankaramite dykes in the area as a result of sudden decrease in the lithostatic pressure. / På vulkanön Teneriffa i den kanariska övärlden har flera jättelika skred skett. Kopplingen mellan dessaskred och vulkanismen i sprickzonerna på ön har undersökts inom ramen för detta arbete. Enfältundersökning genomfördes längs den nordöstra sprickzonen på Teneriffa, där data ommagmagångarnas orientering och läge insamlades. För att bestämma hur snabbt magman steg till ytan,genomfördes diffusionsanalys av Mg i olivinkristaller från ankaramitgångar i samarbete med ETH iZürich. Utöver det utfördes även experiment med analoga gelatinmodeller för att förbättra förståelsenför de processer som förändrar linjära riftzoner till treaxliga eller fleraxliga riftzoner. Injiceringen avvätskan i gelatinmodellerna producerade sprickor som i huvudsak var linjära och följde strykriktningenpå riftzonen. Position A’, i mitten av den instabila sektorn i modellen gav högst variation avinjiceringarna och hade omkring 30 % högre acceleration jämfört med position A placerad i kanten avden instabila sektorn. Baserat på resultatet av diffusionsmodelleringen kunde en uppstigningshastighetför magman beräknas till en medelhastighet på 10,4–14,0 km/h. Detta är extremt snabbt och visar attkollapsen av Orotava är starkt kopplad till bildningen av ankaramitgångar i området som ett resultat aven plötslig minskning av det litostatiska trycket.

Porphyrins are an important class of biomolecules, which are heavily studied, both ex- perimentally and computationally. But, despite the intensive efforts, for many questions we still aren't able to consistently find an agreement between theory and experiment. One of the still unresolved issues is the character of the ground state of the Fe(II)-porphyrin molecule. We used a model of the Fe(II)-porphyrin molecule to study the effects of geometrical changes on the spin states. By carrying out extensive DMRG-CASSCF cal- culations topped with TCCSD correlation treatment we are able to link the effects of these geometrical changes to the experimental results, and predict a quintet ground state for the isolated Fe(II)-porphyrin molecule. Also, using a ligated porphyrin belonging to the iron porphyrin carbene class of molecules, we demonstrate by combining the CASSCF and AC0 methods that geometrical changes outside the porphyrin core cannot be over- looked. 1

Optimized fiber utilization is crucial to the process efficiency and profitability in paper and board making. The fibers can be developed in a refining process in order to reach a desired quality level. Refining causes a variety of simultaneous structural changes to the fibers such as internal fibrillation, external fibrillation and fines formation that contribute in different ways to improve the sheet consolidation and enforce bonding between fibers. This increases the strength, which is one of the quality parameters of paper. Three grades of refining are studied. Microscopy of the pulps shows that the fines are not a homogeneous fraction. However, in analyzing SEM images of the handsheet surfaces, fibrillar fines and their bundles are observed to form links between neighboring fibers which can reinforce the network and the bond regions. The fiber characterization method by FiberLab only captures trends in changed fines content in the pulps and these are underestimations since the instruments optical resolution is limited in characterizing fibrillar fines. SEM images of the cross sections of the sheets along with thickness measurements show that increased grade of refining causes a densification of the sheets. Tensile tests show that refining results in a significant increase in tensile strength and stiffness but a more modest increase in strain at break. A 3D fiber network model is built with a deposition technique according to experimental results. Introducing fines in the same way as fibers and increasing the amount of fibrillar fines does not affect the thickness significantly. The densification is instead captured either by changing the width-to-height ratio of the fiber cross sections or by changing the flexibility of the fibers through the so-called interface angle, both having a large impact on the thickness. But SEM images suggest that the width-height-ratio did not reveal a significant change between the three grades of refining. The effect of refining on the mechanical properties is studied numerically using micromechanical simulations which assist interpretation of experimental results. The FE network simulations show that the thickness change alone cannot explain the increased stiffness observed in physical experiments. The addition of fines fraction modelled to capture the fibrillar fines observed in SEM images proved to have a large impact on stiffness comparable to that of experiments. Thus the increased stiffness is partly due to increased number of contacts after densification and partly due to the addition of fines. / Optimerad användning av fibrerna är avgörande för processeffektivitet och lönsamhet i tillverkningen av papper och kartong. Fibrerna kan vidareutvecklas genom ytterligare mekanisk malning för att nå önskad fiberkvalitet. Malning leder till en mängd simultana strukturförändringar av fibrerna såsom inre fibrillering, yttre fibrillering och bildning av så kallade fines, finare partiklar, som på olika sätt bidrar till att förbättra pappersarkens sammansättning och förstärka bindningen mellan fibrer. Detta förbättrar pappersstyrkan vilken är en av kvalitetsparametrarna hos papper. Tre malgrader har studerats. Mikroskopbilder av pappersmassan visar att de finare partiklarna inte är en homogen sammansättning. Men i analysen av SEM bilder av pappersarkens ytor så kan fibriller och grupper av fibriller observeras bilda länkar mellan angränsande fibrer vilka kan förstärka fibernätverket och fibrernas bindningsregioner. Fiberkarakteriseringsmetoden utförd av FiberLab kan bara fånga trender i mängden fines i pappersmassorna och dessa är underskattningar eftersom instrumentets optiska upplösning är begränsad i karakteriseringen av fibriller. SEM bilder av arkens tvärsnitt tillsammans med tjockleksmätningar visar på att ökad malgrad resulterar i en förtätning av arken. Dragprov visar att ökad malgrad leder till en märkbar ökad styrka och styvhet men en något blygsammare ökning i töjningsgräns. En 3D fibernätverksmodell skapas med en depositionsteknik enligt experimentella resultat. Genom att introducera fines på samma sätt som fibrer och öka antalet visade sig inte ha någon signifikant inverkan på nätverkets tjocklek. Istället fångas förtätningen av arken på två andra sätt i genereringen av fibernätverket, antingen genom ändring av bredd-höjd kvoten av fibrernas tvärsnitt eller genom förändring av fibrernas flexibilitet med användandet av den så kallade interfacevinkeln, vilka båda har stor inverkan på tjockleken. Men SEM bilder av tvärsnitten visade ingen stor skillnad hos bredd-höjd kvoten mellan de tre malgraderna. Malgradens påverkan på de mekaniska egenskaperna studeras numeriskt genom mikromekaniska simuleringar, vilka jämförs med experimentella resultat. Finita element simuleringarna visar att tjockleksändringen inte ensamt kan förklara den ökade styvheten som observerats i dragproven. Tillägget av fines modellerade att fånga fibrillernas egenskaper observerade i SEM bilder visade sig ha en stor inverkan på styvheten, jämförbar med dragproven. Alltså, den ökade styvheten beror dels på ökat antal kontaktpunkter efter förtätning av arken och dels på innehållet av fines.

Timber is a building material that is becoming more common and of interest for use in high-rise buildings. One of the reasons is that timber requires less energy input for the manufacturing process of the material compared to non-wood based materials. When designing high- rise timber buildings it is of great significance to understand the dynamic behavior of the structure. One method to obtain the dynamic properties is to use Operational Modal Analysis, which is based on the structural response from operational use. Finite element (FE) analysis is a tool which can be used for dynamic analysis for large structures. In this study an Operation Modal Analysis (OMA) was conducted on a four-story timber building in Växjö. A finite element model was created of the same building using commercial FE packages. Based on the mode shapes and natural frequencies obtained from the OMA, the FE model was fine-tuned. The purpose of this thesis is to gain knowledge of which parameters that might have a significant role in finite element modelling for a structural dynamic analysis. The aim is to develop a finite element model that accurately simulates the dynamic behavior of the tested building. It was shown from the result that is possible with an enough detailed FE model to capture the dynamic behaviour of a structure. The parameters that had the largest effect on the result can be pointed to the mass and the stiffness of the structure. / Trä är ett byggnadsmaterial som börjar bli allt mer vanligt och är av intresse att använda som stommaterial för höga byggnader. En anledning till detta är att det krävs mindre energi i tillverkningsfasen för trä jämfört med stål och betong. Vid dimensionering av höga träbyggnader är det essentiellt att förstå byggnadens dynamiska egenskaper. För att ta fram en byggnads dynamiska egenskaper kan en metod som benämns Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) tillämpas vilken baseras på byggnadens rörelser vid daglig användning. Finita element (FE) metoden är ett verktyg som kan användas vid dynamisk analys för större byggnader. I detta arbete genomfördes en OMA för ett fyravåningshus med trästomme beläget i Växjö. Genom användning av kommersiella FE-mjukvaror togs en finita element modell av samma byggnad fram. Baserat på de egenfrekvenser och egenmoder erhållna från OMA, uppdaterades FE-modellen därefter. Syftet med detta arbete är att erhålla kunskap kring vilka parametrar som har betydelse vid FE-modellering med hänsyn till dynamisk analys. Syftet är även att validera den prototyp av datainsamlingsenhet som använts vid fältmätningen. Målet med arbetet är att ta fram en FE-modell som på ett korrekt sätt beskriver den testade byggnadens dynamiska beteende. Resultatet av arbetet påvisar att med en tillräckligt detaljerad FE-modell är det möjligt att erhålla en byggnads dynamiska egenskaper. De parametrar som har störst inverkan på resultatet är byggnadens styvhet och inkluderad massa.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21766号 / 工博第4583号 / 新制||工||1714(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料工学専攻 / (主査)教授 乾 晴行, 教授 辻 伸泰, 教授 安田 秀幸 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Ferromagnetism in certain alloys with a crystalline B2-structure, such as Fe60Al40, can be switched on, and tuned, via antisite disordering of the atomic arrangement. This disorderinduced B2→A2 phase transition is accompanied by a ∼1% increase in the lattice parameter. The induced ferromagnetism can be switched off as well via atomic rearrangements causing the A2→B2 transition. In this thesis, the B2↔A2 phase transition will be manipulated by ion- as well as laser-irradiation. Ion-irradiation allows for a sensitive control of the degree of antisite disorder and thus can be applied to understand the correlation between gradual disorder and magnetic properties in the Fe60Al40 alloy. The reversibility of the laser-driven B2↔A2 transition will be shown in this work. B2-Fe60Al40 thin films have been disordered systematically by ion-irradiation and correlations between the chemical disorder (1-S), lattice parameter (a0), and the induced saturation magnetization (Ms) have been obtained. As the lattice is gradually disordered,a critical point occurs at 1-S=0.6 and a0=2.91Å, where a sharp increase of the Ms is observed. The regimes below and above the critical regime are characterized by a different, but nearly stable Ms behaving paramagnetic and ferromagnetic, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that below the critical point the system magnetically behaves as it would still be fully ordered, i.e. paramagnetic, whereas above, it is largely the increase of a0 in the disordered state that determines the Ms. Furthermore, disordered thin films possessing various open-volume defect types have been ordered via thermal annealing. The A2→B2 ordering process occurs by the vacancy diffusion mechanism and the ordering rate shows a strong dependence on the defect types, as obtained from ab-initio DFT calculations: The ordering rate is increased by mono-vacancies and decreased by triple defects and vacancy clusters. The defects can be engineered by a thermal pre-annealing and/or ion-irradiation offering a control of the subsequent ordering process. Additionally, the reversible disordering and subsequent reordering implying an on and off switching of ferromagnetism, respectively, is demonstrated by applying femtosecond laser pulse irradiation. The irradiation with a single laser pulse above the threshold fluence induces chemical disorder and hence ferromagnetism. A subsequent laser-irradiation below the threshold ŕuence causes a reordering at the surface erasing the ferromagnetism. The laser-irradiation leads to a melting and subsequent solidification of the material; if the solidification temperature is lower than the melting temperature, the liquid is supercooled. Simulations reveal the crucial role of the extent of supercooling: A single laser pulse above the threshold fluence causes a strong undercooling of the liquid phase before solidification limiting the vacancy diffusion and hence ordering. Laser pulsing below the threshold forms a limited supercooled surface region that solidifies at sufficiently high temperatures, enabling vacancy diffusion-assisted reordering.:1 Introduction and Fundamentals 1.1 Magnetism and Structure in Chemically Ordered Materials 1.1.1 Effects Induced by Chemical Disorder 1.1.2 Properties of Fe-Al Alloys 1.2 Modiőcation of B2 Materials 1.2.1 Interaction of Ions with Solids 1.2.2 Laser-Solid Interaction 1.3 Motivation 2 Experimental and Theoretical Methods 2.1 Sample Preparation 2.1.1 Magnetron Sputtering 2.1.2 Annealing Process 2.1.3 Ion-Irradiation 2.1.4 Laser-Irradiation 2.2 Structural Characterization 2.2.1 X-Ray Diffraction 2.2.2 Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry 2.2.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy 2.3 Magnetic Characterization 2.3.1 Vibrating Sample Magnetometry 2.3.2 Spin-Resolved Photoemission Electron Microscopy 2.4 Defect Analysis by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy 2.5 Theoretical Approaches 2.5.1 DFT Calculations on the Properties of Fe60Al40 2.5.2 Ab-initio Calculations of Positron Lifetimes in Fe60Al40 2.5.3 Simulations on the Laser-Irradiation of Fe60Al40 3 Unraveling Magneto-Structural Correlations 3.1 Characterization of Ordered B2 and Disordered A2 Films 3.1.1 Experiments 3.1.2 Structural Properties 3.1.3 Magnetic Properties 3.1.4 Summarizing Remarks 3.2 Systematic Disordering by Ion-Irradiation 3.2.1 Experiments 3.2.2 Structural Characterization 3.2.3 Analysis of Magnetic Properties 3.2.4 Correlation of Structural and Magnetic Properties 3.2.5 Comparison to Previously Reported Data 3.2.6 Theoretical Calculations 3.2.7 Discussion and Summarizing Remarks 4 Defect-Mediated Atomic Rearrangements 4.1 Experiments 4.2 Analysis of Magnetic Properties 4.3 Defect Characterization 4.4 Ab-initio Calculations of Positron Lifetimes 4.5 Discussion 5 Laser Pulse Induced Reversible Order-Disorder Transition 5.1 Experiments 5.2 Results 5.3 Simulations 5.4 Discussion 6 Conclusions / In bestimmten Legierungen mit einer kristallinen B2-Struktur, wie beispielsweise Fe60Al40, kann durch eine chemische Unordnung Ferromagnetismus erzeugt und modifiziert werden. Dieser durch Unordnung hervorgerufene B2→A2 Phasenübergang geht mit einer Vergrößerung des Gitterparameters von ungefähr 1% einher. Der erzeugte Ferromagnetismus kann durch eine atomare Neuordnung, d.h. durch den A2→B2 Phasenübergang, wieder abgeschaltet werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der B2↔A2 Phasenübergang mittels Ionen- und Laserbestrahlung hervorgerufen und kontrolliert. Ionenbestrahlung ermöglicht eine präzise Kontrolle des Unordnungsgrades und kann daher eingesetzt werden, um den Zusammenhang zwischen gradueller Unordnung und magnetischen Eigenschaften in der Fe60Al40 Legierung zu untersuchen. Die Reversibilität des laserinduzierten B2↔A2 Phasenübergangs wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit gezeigt. In B2-Fe60Al40 Dünnschichten ist mittels Ionenbestrahlung systematisch Unordnung erzeugt worden, wodurch die Zusammenhänge von atomarer Unordnung (1-S), dem Gitterparameter (a0) und der erzeugten Magnetisierung (Ms) offengelegt worden. Während der schrittweisen Unordnung des Kristallgitters tritt ein kritischer Punkt bei 1-S=0.6 und a0=2.91Å auf, an welchem Ms stark ansteigt. Die Bereiche unter- und oberhalb des kritischen Bereiches sind durch ein unterschiedliches, aber nahezu gleichbleibendes Ms charakterisiert. Das Verhalten ist para- bzw. ferromagnetisch. Berechnungen mittels Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT) deuten an, dass sich das System unterhalb des kritischen Punktes verhält, als wäre es noch vollständig geordnet, d.h. paramagnetisch; wohingegen Ms oberhalb des kritischen Bereiches größtenteils durch den Anstieg des Gitterparameters bestimmt wird. Darüber hinaus sind ungeordnete Dünnschichten mit verschiedenen Typen leerstellenartiger Defekte mittels Wärmebehandlung neu geordnet worden. Der A2→B2 Ordnungsprozess geschieht auf der Basis des Leerstellendiffusionsmechanismus. Die starke Abhängigkeit der Ordnungsrate von den Defekttypen ist mittels ab-initio DFT Berechnungen bestätigt worden: Die Ordnungsrate wird durch Einzel-Leerstellen erhöht und sinkt durch Dreifach-Defekte und Leerstellencluster. Die Defekte können durch eine vorherige Wärmebehandlung und/oder Ionenbestrahlung manipuliert werden, wodurch der darauffolgende Ordnungsprozess kontrolliert werden kann. Des Weiteren wird die reversible Unordnung und anschließende Neuordnung, d.h. ein Erzeugen bzw. Abschalten von Ferromagnetismus, durch die Bestrahlung mit Femtosekunden- Laserpulsen demonstriert. Die Bestrahlung mit einem einzelnen Laserpuls mit einer Fluenz über dem Schwellenwert erzeugt atomare Unordnung und damit Ferromagnetismus. Eine anschließende Laserbestrahlung unterhalb der Schwellenŕuenz bewirkt eine Neuanordnung der Atome an der Oberfläche und damit einem Auslöschen des Ferromagnetismus. Die Laserbestrahlung führt zu einem Aufschmelzen und dem anschließenden Erstarren des Materials; liegt die Erstarrungstemperatur unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur, so ist die Schmelze unterkühlt. Die ausschlaggebende Rolle des Grades der Unterkühlung wird durch Simulationen aufgezeigt: Ein einzelner Laserpuls über der Schwellenfluenz führt zu einer starken Unterkühlung der flüssigen Phase vor der Erstarrung, wodurch die Leerstellendiffusion und damit die atomare Neuordnung eingeschränkt werden. Durch Laserpulse unterhalb der Schwellenfluenz wird der Oberŕächenbereich kaum unterkühlt und erstarrt anschließend bei hinreichend hohen Temperaturen, um eine leerstellendiffusionsunterstützte Neuanordnung der Atome zu ermöglichen.:1 Introduction and Fundamentals 1.1 Magnetism and Structure in Chemically Ordered Materials 1.1.1 Effects Induced by Chemical Disorder 1.1.2 Properties of Fe-Al Alloys 1.2 Modiőcation of B2 Materials 1.2.1 Interaction of Ions with Solids 1.2.2 Laser-Solid Interaction 1.3 Motivation 2 Experimental and Theoretical Methods 2.1 Sample Preparation 2.1.1 Magnetron Sputtering 2.1.2 Annealing Process 2.1.3 Ion-Irradiation 2.1.4 Laser-Irradiation 2.2 Structural Characterization 2.2.1 X-Ray Diffraction 2.2.2 Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry 2.2.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy 2.3 Magnetic Characterization 2.3.1 Vibrating Sample Magnetometry 2.3.2 Spin-Resolved Photoemission Electron Microscopy 2.4 Defect Analysis by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy 2.5 Theoretical Approaches 2.5.1 DFT Calculations on the Properties of Fe60Al40 2.5.2 Ab-initio Calculations of Positron Lifetimes in Fe60Al40 2.5.3 Simulations on the Laser-Irradiation of Fe60Al40 3 Unraveling Magneto-Structural Correlations 3.1 Characterization of Ordered B2 and Disordered A2 Films 3.1.1 Experiments 3.1.2 Structural Properties 3.1.3 Magnetic Properties 3.1.4 Summarizing Remarks 3.2 Systematic Disordering by Ion-Irradiation 3.2.1 Experiments 3.2.2 Structural Characterization 3.2.3 Analysis of Magnetic Properties 3.2.4 Correlation of Structural and Magnetic Properties 3.2.5 Comparison to Previously Reported Data 3.2.6 Theoretical Calculations 3.2.7 Discussion and Summarizing Remarks 4 Defect-Mediated Atomic Rearrangements 4.1 Experiments 4.2 Analysis of Magnetic Properties 4.3 Defect Characterization 4.4 Ab-initio Calculations of Positron Lifetimes 4.5 Discussion 5 Laser Pulse Induced Reversible Order-Disorder Transition 5.1 Experiments 5.2 Results 5.3 Simulations 5.4 Discussion 6 Conclusions

Les phases alpha'-Fe8N1-x et alpha''-Fe16N2 ont un fort potentiel d’application, en raison de leur anisotropie magnétocristalline uniaxiale et de leur grande aimantation à saturation. Cependant, les valeurs annoncées pour ces propriétés magnétiques restent sujettes à discussion. Les recherches menées au cours de cette thèse de doctorat ont été initiées dans le but de clarifier cette situation. L’élaboration des échantillons a principalement consisté en l’implantation ionique d’azote dans des couches minces de fer alpha épitaxiées sur ZnSe/GaAs (001). Entre autres, les effets de la température de la cible et de la fluence sur la structure cristalline des échantillons ont été analysés par diffractométrie des rayons X. La présence d’une anisotropie magnétique perpendiculaire a été mise en évidence dans les couches minces contenant les phases alpha'-Fe8N1-x ou alpha''-Fe16N2. La constante d’anisotropie a été évaluée par magnétométrie à échantillon vibrant et résonance ferromagnétique. À l’occasion de ces recherches, des domaines en rubans faibles ont été observés par microscopie à force magnétique dans certaines couches minces en Fe-N. Ceux-ci sont particulièrement rectilignes et des dislocations coin se trouvent au sein de leur structure périodique. Des études ont alors été réalisées dans le but de contrôler avec précision la réorientation des domaines en rubans et le déplacement des dislocations magnétiques, à l’aide d’un champ magnétique. / The alpha'-Fe8N1-x and alpha''-Fe16N2 phases have a high potential of application, because of their uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy and their large saturation magnetization. However, the values announced for these magnetic properties remain a subject of discussion. The research conducted during this PhD thesis was initiated in order to clarify this situation. Sample making consisted mainly of nitrogen ion implantation into alpha-Fe thin films, epitaxially grown on ZnSe/GaAs (001). Among others, the effects of target temperature and fluence on the crystal structure of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry. The presence of a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy was demonstrated in the thin films containing the alpha'-Fe8N1-x and alpha''-Fe16N2 phases. The anisotropy constant was evaluated by vibrating sample magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance. In this research, weak stripe domains were observed by magnetic force microscopy in some Fe-N thin films. These are particularly straight and edge dislocations are found within their periodic structure. Studies were then carried out to precisely control the reorientation of the stripe domains and the displacement of the magnetic dislocations, using a magnetic field.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第20363号 / 工博第4300号 / 新制||工||1666(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料工学専攻 / (主査)教授 安田 秀幸, 教授 辻 伸泰, 教授 宇田 哲也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM