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[pt] O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as especificidades do jovem universitário evangélico brasileiro, a vivência da fé por parte deste jovem, e a sua relação com a Igreja. A tese é predominantemente pastoral e neste estudo foi realizado uma pesquisa bibliográfica aliada a uma pesquisa qualitativa, através de uma pesquisa de campo, considerando que o que se pretende é interpretar a realidade vivencial do jovem universitário evangélico. O método qualitativo permite atingir o segmento identificado, o jovem universitário evangélico, e investigar em profundidade a vivência da fé deste jovem. Inicialmente busca-se conhecer o rosto do jovem universitário evangélico, identificando suas principais características, suas potencialidades e deficiências, sua religiosidade, seus gostos, sua estrutura familiar e suas relações na sociedade. No segundo capítulo busca-se observar a vivência da fé do jovem universitário evangélico. No terceiro capítulo é enfocado a relação do jovem universitário evangélico com a Igreja no serviço ao mundo. Por último, o objetivo é apontar caminhos para as igrejas locais e movimentos estudantis, pastores e missionários, líderes de juventude e adultos, e a todos que desejam atuar junto aos universitários evangélicos para que estes possam vivenciar sua fé de maneira sadia e relevante na sociedade. / [en] The present work aims to investigate the specificities of the Brazilian young evangelical university student, his experience of faith, and relationship with the Church. The thesis is predominantly pastoral, and in this study it was made bibliographical research carried out together with a qualitative one, through research in the field, considering that what is intended is to interpret the experiential reality of the young evangelical university student. The qualitative method allows us to reach the identified segment, the young evangelical university student, and to investigate in depth the experience of this young man s faith. Initially, it seeks to know the face of the young evangelical university student, identifying his main characteristics, potentialities and deficiencies, his religiosity, tastes, family structure and his relations in society. The second chapter seeks to observe the experience of the faith of the evangelical university student. The third chapter focuses on the relationship of the young evangelical university with the Church in the service of the world. Finally, the goal is to point out ways for local churches and student movements, pastors and missionaries, youth leaders and adults, and all those who wish to work with evangelical university students, so that they can live their faith healthily and relevantly in society.

European iron production is to a large extent dependant on massive Kiruna type apatite-iron ore deposits. In this contribution, high-temperature magnetite samples from apatite-iron-oxide deposits are investigated by means of Electron Backscattered Diffraction. However, the origin of Kiruna-type deposits is still unresolved. Although magmatic processes are likely, it is not clear how small-scale processes can form giant Kiruna-type deposits. The sample suite consists of magnetite samples from six global apatite-iron-oxide deposits: the famous Kiirunavaara deposit and the Malmberget deposit, both located in northern Sweden, the Grängesberg deposit in south-central Sweden, the iconic El Laco deposit in north-eastern Chile, the Bafq deposit in central Iran, and the Varena deposit in south Lithuania. Fe-O systematics has been conducted to complement existing δ18O and δ56Fe isotope data and ensure magmatic origin of the samples from the Malmberget deposit (n=6) and the Varena deposit (n=2). This is the first effort to characterise magnetite samples from apatite-iron-oxide deposits utilising EBSD. In total, twelve EBSD maps have been produced. Evaluation of the EBSD data have been performed to quantify the preferred orientation of the magnetite crystals. Four deposits, with Kiirunvaara being the prime example, shows no preferred alignment of the magnetite crystals. Whereas the El Laco samples exhibits a strong preferred alignment of {111}. The EBSD data from magnetite samples in equilibrium with a magmatic source indicate that apatite-iron-oxide deposits are formed in both intrusive and extrusive environment and that magmatic crystal accumulation is a key process in aggregating magnetite to form large and even giant Kiruna-type deposits. / Europeisk järnmalmsproduktion är i stor utsträckning beroende av massiva apatit-järnmalmsfyndigheter av Kiruna-typ. I det här arbetet, undersöks magnetitprover av hög-temperaturs ursprung från olika apatit-järnmalmsfyndigheter med Elektron Bakåtspridande Diffraktion. Bildningsmekanismen av apatit-järnmalmsfyndigheter av Kiruna-typ är än idag oklar. Bevisen indikerar magmatiska bildningsprocesser, det är dock fortfarande oklart hur småskaliga magmatiska processer bildar gigantiska apatit-järnmalmsfyndigheter av Kiruna-typ. Provserien består av magnetitprover från sex globala apatit-järnmalmsfyndigheter: den världsberömda Kiirunavaara fyndigheten och Malmberget fyndigheten, båda lokaliserade i Norrbotten, Sverige, Grängesberg fyndigheten i Bergslagen, Sverige, den ikoniska El Laco fyndigheten i nordöstra Chile, Bafq fyndigheten i centrala Iran, och Varena fyndigheten i södra Litauen. För att fastställa ett magmatiskt ursprung och komplettera befintlig δ18O och δ56Fe isotopdata har Fe-O-systematik utförts på magnetitproverna från Malmberget (n=6) och Varena (n=2). Det här är den första dokumenterade EBSD-undersökningen av magnetitprover från apatit-järnmalmsfyndigheter. Totalt tolv EBSD-kartor har producerats. Utvärdering av EBSD-data har utförts för att kvantifiera den föredragna riktningen på magnetitkristallerna. I fyra fyndigheter, med Kiirunvaara som typexempel, uppvisar magnetitkristallerna ingen föredragen riktning, medan magnetitproverna från El Laco uppvisar en tydlig föredragen riktning längs {111}. EBSD-data från magnetitprover i jämnvikt med en magmatiskkälla påvisar att apatit-järnmalmer bildas i både intrusiva miljöer och extrusiva miljöer och att magmatisk ackumulation är en nyckelprocess för att aggregera magnetitkristaller och bilda stora till gigantiska apatit-järnmalmsfyndigheter av Kiruna-typ.

This work has been done in collaboration with Northpower Stålhallar AB. The work is concentrating on column buckling, wind load and deflection of steel columns made of VKR profiles. VKR profiles are steel profiles that are hot-rolled structural pipes having a rectangular section. The analysis is made according to Eurokod 3 and with the finite element program Abaqus. A comparison has been made between these to see whether they differ in result or not regarding buckling curves and interaction formulas. In addition, the company wanted calculation templates in Excel. A proposal for a spreadsheet for different deflection limits are presented in Excel that the company can use, as well as a calculation template for wind loads where all municipalities in Sweden are included. The report contains theoretical background on how to design columns with respect to buckling, wind loading and deflection according to Eurokod 3.The work with Abaqus includes linear and non-linear analysis of column buckling. The analyses also include geometric imperfections, residual stresses, and plastic behavior of steel. The result showed a slight difference between Eurokod and Abaqus analyses but it was not a considerable deviation.

<p>This research study has been devoted to the study of magnetic properties and magnetic transport of nanocrystalline Ni and Ni-15% Fe alloys consisting of randomly oriented grains with an average size of 23 and 12 (nm), respectively. The structures of the deposits were confirmed by the XRD analysis using Rietveld refinement technique. The as-deposited Ni and Ni-15%Fe sample was comprised exclusively of the γ phase with lattice parameter of 3.5270 (nm) and 3.5424 (nm), respectively. The small increase in lattice parameter was attributed to the replacement of iron solutes in the Ni sites in lattice. Texture analysis of nanocrystalline Ni and Ni-15%Fe revealed that textures components of both materials is qualitatively the same and vary in terms of volume fraction. Both material showed strong <100> fibre texture with some contribution of the <111> component. The calculated volume fraction of the <100> and <111> components were respectively 17.157% and 3.201% for Ni and, 22.032% and 6.160% for Ni-15%Fe and the rest being confined to the random texture.</p> <p>Magnetic measurements show that all samples exhibit low loss hysteresis loops with high permeabilities. The presence of 15%Fe in Ni leads to enhancement of the saturation magnetization (M_s) regardless of the direction of the applied field. M_s shows an increase from 60.169 (emu/gr) in nanocrystalline Ni to 93.67 (emu/gr) in Ni-15%Fe sample at T=2K. No strong temperature–dependence of the magnetization was observed for samples, but the magnetization of the Ni-15%Fe samples at T=2K were slightly higher than that of T=298K. The coercivity values of nanocrystalline Ni-15%Fe were in all cases smaller than that of nanocrystalline Ni samples. Good agreement between random anisotropy model (RAM) theory and experiment for nanocrystalline Ni and Ni-15%Fe samples was observed. The ferromagnetic exchange length (L_ex) was larger than the average grain size (D) for samples at all times. The effective magnetic anisotropy constants (K_eff) of the nanocrystalline Ni and Ni-15%Fe alloys were measured using the law of approach to saturation. At T=2K, the K_eff of Ni-15%Fe samples were measured to be 1.7037´10⁵ (erg/cm³) and 2.71996 ´10⁵ (erg/cm³) at field parallel and perpendicular, respectively. These values were almost half of the values obtained for nanocrystalline Ni samples 4.66091´10⁵ (erg/cm³) and 4.19703´10⁵ (erg/cm³). Temperature dependence measurements showed that K_eff constants decrease with increasing temperature. The angular dependence MR studies on nanocrystalline Ni and Ni-15%Fe resulted in a twofold, and a fourfold symmetric behaviour, respectively. The field dependence MR measured at various sample tilt with respect to the applied field, showed various trends from pure positive MR to pure negative MR, which partially could be explained by magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the samples.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

<p>Al-Si cast alloys have been in the fore-front of commercial casting application for more than a century. Iron containing intermetallic phases that evolve during the solidification of these alloys play a major role in the resultant mechanical properties and performance of the cast products. Changes in alloy composition and casting parameters significantly alter the evolution of the Al-Si-Fe intermetallic phases. There was a lack of clear understanding of the complex relationships between the solidification parameters and nature intermetallic phases in these alloys. Current thermodynamic model predictions for the nature of these intermetallic phases in the Al corner of the Al-Si-Fe ternary system are strikingly different from the experimental results in this project. Trace levels of Sr (about 0.02wt%) are typically added to the Al-Si commercial alloys to effect a morphological modification of the eutectic phases to improve the properties and performance of the cast products.</p> <p>The nature of the Fe containing intermetallic phases have been characterized as a function of alloy composition (Si, Fe and Sr) and cooling rates during solidification. There was an anomalous evolution of the t₅-Al₈Fe₂Si phase which transformed into the t₆-Al₉Fe₂Si₂ phase during solidification at lower cooling rates and higher Fe concentration in the alloy, alike. Further, Sr addition to these alloys prevented the evolution of the t₅ phase and promoted the evolution of an unidentified Al₅Fe₂Si₃ phase which was noted as k in this dissertation; the k phase also transformed into the t₆ phase at lower cooling rates and higher Fe concentration in the alloy, alike.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Las resoluciones administrativas devienen en actos de imperio de la administración pública, que para su emisión conllevan criterios interpretativos que, sin llegar muchas veces a ser precedentes de observancia obligatoria, generan válidas expectativas en los administrados para adecuar su conducta y ejercer sus derechos conforme a ley. Sin embargo, el cambio o establecimiento repentino de nuevos criterios puede traer perjuicios a aquellos administrados que confiaron en la actuación coherente y predecible de la administración. En dicho contexto, este artículo aborda las variaciones de criterio interpretativo de los órganos administrativos especializados en materia de consumo a cargo de Indecopi, a través de la invocación del denominado “Principio de Protección de la Confianza Legítima”. Se analiza su historia, elementos, requisitos y presencia legal en el Perú, y la pertinencia de su invocación en un procedimiento administrativo sancionador establecido dentro de un marco de protección constitucional a los consumidores o usuarios. Asimismo, se revisará cómo la jurisprudencia de Indecopi ha resuelto controversias en diversos sectores de consumo amparándose en tal principio, y si aquella entidad cumple con su deber legal de generar predictibilidad a través de sus pronunciamientos.