The martensite and magnetic transformations in Ni-Fe-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys are very sensitive to both alloy chemistry and thermal history. A series of Ni-Fe-Ga alloys near the prototype Heusler composition (X2YZ) were fabricated and homogenized at 1423 °K, and a Ni₅₃Fe₁₉Ga₂₈ alloy was subsequently annealed at various temperatures below and above the B2/L21 ordering temperature. Calorimetry and magnetometry were employed to measure the martensite transformation temperatures and Curie temperatures. Compositional variations of only a few atomic percent result in martensite start temperatures and Curie temperatures that differ by about 230 °K degrees and 35 °K degrees, respectively. Various one-hour anneals of the Ni₅₃Fe₁₉Ga₂₈ alloy shift the martensite start temperature and the Curie temperature by almost 70 °K degrees. Transmission electron microscopy investigations were conducted on the annealed Ni₅₃Fe₁₉Ga₂₈ alloy. The considerable variations in the martensite and magnetic transformations in these alloys are discussed in terms of microstructural differences resulting from alloy chemistry and heat treatments. The phase-field method has been successfully employed during the past ten years to simulate a wide variety of microstructural evolution in materials. Phase-field computational models describe the microstructure of a material by using a set of field variables whose evolution is governed by thermodynamic functionals and kinetic continuum equations. A two dimensional phase-field model that demonstrates the ferromagnetic shape memory effect in Ni2MnGa is presented. Free energy functionals are based on the phase-field microelasticity and micromagnetic theories; they account for energy contributions from martensite variant boundaries, elastic strain, applied stress, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, magnetic domain walls, magnetostatic potential, and applied magnetic fields. The time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau and Landau-Lifshitz kinetic continuum equations are employed to track the microstructural and magnetic responses in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys to applied stress and magnetic fields. The model results show expected microstructural responses to these applied fields and could be potentially utilized to generate quantitative predictions of the ferromagnetic shape memory effect in these alloys. / Ph. D.

In this thesis, the surface properties of cassiterite due to the changes of two material properties, i.e. crystallographic orientation, and Fe as a minor element in the lattice, and their implication for selective separation are studied. In the study of the crystallographic orientation of cassiterite, the physicochemical behaviors of the surfaces SnO2(110), SnO2(100), as well as SnO2(001) were investigated by using high-resolution direct force spectroscopy. The measurements were conducted between a silica sphere and sample surfaces in 10 mmol/L KCl between pH 3.1 and 6.2 using colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (cp-AFM-hydrophilic). Dissimilar interactions were detected on different-oriented surfaces. The pH values where the force switched from positive to negative can be clearly distinguished and be ordered as SnO2(100) < SnO2(001) ≈ SnO2(110). The most potent attractive force was found to be on the (110) cassiterite surface compared to the (100) and (001) cassiterite surfaces at lower pH. By fitting the force curves in the DLVO theory framework, anisotropic surface potentials were computed between the three sample surfaces following a similar trend as force interaction. This differential surface potential might be due to the difference in Sn cation density and electron affinity. To study the implication of crystallographic orientation to surfactant adsorption, we used Aerosol22 (sulfosuccinamate) as an anionic collector for cassiterite flotation to functionalize the different samples at pH 3. The contact angle measurements, the topography visualizations by AFM, and the force measurement using cp-AFM with hydrophobized spheres (cp-AFM-hydrophobized) have shown that Aerosol22 was adsorbed on the sample surfaces inhomogeneously. The adsorption followed the order of SnO2(110) > SnO2(100) > SnO2(001) in the concentration from 1 × 10−6 mol/L to 1 × 10−4 mol/L. In the study of Fe as a minor element in the lattice of cassiterite, synthetic pure cassiterite, and cassiterite doped with two different Fe contents were successfully recrystallized by means of sintering. Their crystal structure and chemical compositions are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Their floatability was studied by microflotation with a diphosphonic acid surfactant named Lauraphos301 as a collector. Unlike the addition of ferric ions in solution, which strongly depressed the floatability of all the cassiterite samples, a much higher flotation efficiency of the Fe-doped cassiterite samples was found especially at lower collector concentrations. The cassiterite floatability is proportional to the Fe content in the cassiterite at a broad range of pH, and the recovery has the following order: Cassiterite with 1417 ppm Fe > cassiterite with 1165 ppm Fe > pure cassiterite The electrokinetic behavior of the cassiterite samples with and without the collector was studied by electrophoretic measurements and revealed that the chemical interaction dominated the adsorption. With the help of the particle shape analysis, a more angular shape was found for the Fe-doped cassiterite samples. Moreover, without the influence of particle shape, abundant adsorption of Lauraphos301 was found on the Fe-doped cassiterite samples by AFM topography imaging. The minor amount of Fe in the cassiterite lattice and a more angular shape of the Fe-doped cassiterite samples were believed to enhance floatability collectively. The study reveals that the influence of the chemical composition of the minerals on flotation was almost inextricably bound up with particle morphology and emphasizes the importance of considering both factors and investigating them individually for the flotation study.

En esta tesis doctoral la autora responde la pregunta dirigida a definir qué es y para qué sirve la doctrina de los actos propios en el Derecho de Contratos en el Perú. Su objetivo al elaborar este aporte fue no solamente reunir las principales posiciones teóricas sobre la estructura y consecuencias de la doctrina de los actos propios, sino además contrastar dichas posturas con numerosos casos prácticos. La hipótesis que plantea se desarrolla en cinco capítulos, para concluir que la doctrina de los actos propios es un principio de derecho derivado del principio de la buena fe, aplicable para impedir que un sujeto actúe de manera incoherente con una conducta anterior, cuando de esta deriva confianza en otro sujeto que merece protección, por haber asumido razonablemente que no habría variación en el sentido de dicha conducta. La doctrina de los actos propios es crucial para garantizar operaciones contractuales seguras, pues protege las expectativas razonables generadas por la conducta de las partes en determinado sentido, cuando se ven defraudadas por la contradicción no justificada en el pacto o en la ley. / In this dissertation, the author defines and explains the own acts doctrine under Contract Law in Peru. The objective is not only to gather the main theoretical opinions on the structure and consequences of the own acts doctrine, but also apply them to a variety of real-world cases. The dissertation’s hypothesis is developed in five chapters, to conclude that the own acts doctrine is a principle of law derived from the principle of good faith. It is applied to prevent a subject from acting in a manner that is incoherent with a previous action, when a second subject is deserving of protection as they have assumed there will not be a variation in the original subject’s behaviour. The doctrine is crucial in guaranteeing safe contractual operations. It protects reasonable expectations generated by the behaviour of the parties involved in the contract, when these are unfulfilled due to a contradiction that is not justified in the contract or the law.

El Derecho puede ser considerado como una rama del saber humano; como una ciencia social, definible como un conjunto de principios y leyes que rigen un grupo homogéneo de hechos, de fenómenos denominados jurídicos (igual que la biología o la química o la física estudian determinados grupos de fenómenos). Esta ciencia social, cuyo objeto central son las relaciones socioeconómicas del hombre, está muy lejos de haber agotado su campo de estudio. Por el contrario, constantemente se amplían sus fronteras, se rediseñan sus contornos, se redefinen sus alcances. El Derecho avanza, evoluciona, puesto que las relaciones entre los hombres también experimentan cambios. Así pues, el Derecho no es estático (o no debiera serlo), más bien tiene la obligación de adecuarse a la velocidad del cambio de las relaciones socioeconómicas, a las nuevas formas de relacionarse, a los nuevos modelos de conductas. Dentro del universo de ramas que componen a la ciencia del Derecho, y en especial al Derecho civil, el tema de la responsabilidad civil se nos ofrece como un amplio campo de estudio ya que sus orígenes van de la mano con las primeras manifestaciones de la actividad humana, fijando su punto de partida en la etapa de la venganza privada que luego iría evolucionado, a la par que lo haría el concepto de Estado, hacia la etapa del resarcimiento del daño. Así pues, es lógico pensar que, siendo la figura de la responsabilidad civil tan antigua como el Derecho mismo, mantenga un halo cautivador, una invitación permanente a estudiar sus distintos matices, sus distintas formas de presentarse ante nosotros. Y dentro de este amplio campo de acción encontramos que la figura de la responsabilidad precontractual, la cual será objeto central de nuestro estudio, si bien ha sido analizada por la doctrina, no ha sido adecuadamente valorada por nuestra regulación civil, la que le ha dedicado poco espacio y esfuerzo.

A través de este estudio se pretende conocer la experiencia del grupo limeño Sagrado Corazón de Jesús. Esta experiencia es una respuesta de algunos sectores medios ante la crisis de la última década (1980-90). Se han enfatizado los siguientes aspectos sobre el grupo: su constitución, su concepto de sanación y doctrina de salvación, el arraigo de su propuesta religiosa y el rol que han jugado profesionales de la clase media en él.

Uno de los mayores problemas de seguridad jurídica de la primera década del siglo XXI fue el ocasionado por el fraude inmobiliario, cuyo fenómeno significó la pérdida del patrimonio de innumerables propietarios peruanos. A raíz de la judicialización de estos ilícitos, se visibilizó la precariedad de los procedimientos de verificación documental de los registros públicos y de los funcionarios involucrados en las transferencias de los inmuebles. Asimismo, quedó manifiesta la diversidad de criterio judicial en la resolución de estos casos pues, en ocasiones, restituían el inmueble a los propietarios y, en otras, se la otorgaban al llamado tercero registral. Bajo este marco, el poder legislativo emite la Ley N° 30313 - Ley de Oposición al Procedimiento de Inscripción Registral en Trámite y Cancelación del Asiento Registral por Suplantación de Identidad o Falsificación de Documentación y Modificatoria de los Artículos 2013 y 2014 del Código Civil y de los Artículos 4 y 55 y la Quinta y Sexta Disposiciones Complementarias Transitorias y Finales del Decreto Legislativo 1049 - , cuya constitucionalidad fue, acertadamente, cuestionada y, recientemente, resuelta por el Tribunal Constitucional, a nuestro criterio, de forma errónea. Tal disposición normativa otorga protección al tercero registral, antes que al propietario, en los casos de Suplantación de Identidad y Falsificación Documental en aplicación del principio de fe pública registral. Dicho criterio ha sido avalado por el Tribunal Constitucional en la sentencia recaída en el expediente N° 00018-2015-PI/TC a pesar de que el acto origina la titularidad del tercero es un ilícito. Por ello, en la presente investigación de orden dogmático documental, pretendemos delinear los argumentos históricos, lógicos y normativos que sustentan que, ante el fraude inmobiliario, no se debe aplicar el principio de fe pública registral. Su aplicación se configuraría como un incentivo a la comisión de delitos que atentan contra la fe pública y contravendría normas de carácter público. / One of the biggest legal security problems of the first decade of the 21st century was caused by real estate fraud, the phenomenon of which meant the loss of the assets of countless Peruvian owners. As a result of the prosecution of these crimes, the precariousness of the documentary verification procedures of the public registers and the officials involved in the transfers of real estate became visible. Likewise, the diversity of judging criteria in the resolution of these cases was evident since, on occasions, they returned the property to the owners and, on others, they granted it to the so-called third-party registry. Under this framework, the legislative power issues Law No. 30313 - Law of Opposition to the Registration Procedure in Process and Cancellation of the Registration Entry for Identity Impersonation or Forgery of Documentation and Amendment of Articles 2013 and 2014 of the Civil Code and Articles 4 and 55 and the Fifth and Sixth Complementary Transitory and Final Provisions of Legislative Decree 1049 - whose constitutionality was rightly questioned and, recently, wrongly resolved by the Constitutional Court, in our opinion. Such normative provision grants protection to the third party registry, before the owner, in cases of Identity Impersonation and Document Falsification in the application of the principle of registry public faith. Said criterion has been endorsed by the Constitutional Court in the sentence passed in the file N ° 00018-2015-PI / TC although the act originates the ownership of the third party is illegal. Therefore, in this research of a dogmatic documentary order, we intend to outline the historical, logical, and normative arguments that sustain that, in the face of real estate fraud, the principle of public registry faith should not be applied. Its application would be configured as an incentive to the commission of crimes that violate the public faith and would contravene public regulations.

La thèse cherche à caractériser les types de fluides à différents niveaux structuraux et types de déformation. Les résultats de la Sierra Bédar indiquent le rôle d'une saumure enrichie en métaux lors des derniers stades de circulation au sein de la croûte ductile dans un domaine encore isolé des fluides de surface. Cette saumure est plus diluée à l'est dans la Sierra Almagrera et où l'impact du système décrochant va devenir de plus en plus important avec du volcanisme et de nombreux gisements. Dans le domaine fragile, des veines de quartz enregistrent des fluides de surface. Suivent des veines de quartz indiquant la réapparition des fluides métamorphiques sous-jacent. La formation de veines de sidérite-pyrite-galène-barytine montre de plus forte salinité et des rapports Cl/Br indiquant la contribution d'une autre source de saumures secondaires issues cette fois des évaporites messiniennes. Le décrochement a modifié le compartimentage de part et d'autre de la transition fragile-ductile / This thesis aim at characterizing the types of fluids concerned structural levels and style of deformation. Results from Sierra Bedar point out the role played by metal-rich brines during late stages of fluid flows within the ductile crust within a domain was still isolated from surficial fluids. Brine concentration drop in the eastern Sierra Almagrera which was progressively more impacted by the major transcurrent system with volcanism and metal ore deposits. At reaching the brittle domain, quartz veins trapped surficial fluids. Soon after, quartz veins indicating the return of metamorphic fluids. Following siderite-pyrite-galena-barite veins display higher salinities and Cl/Br ratios indicate the contribution of another secondary brine coming from early Messinian evaporites. This major transcurrent tectonics clearly modified the partitioning on both sides of the brittle-ductile transition

Sur le site minier de Milluni (Bolivie, Altiplano, 4800 m asl), la contamination des eaux de surface et des sédiments par les métaux lourds a été étudiée en combinant des approches géochimiques, minéralogiques et hydrochimiques. Pour les différents métaux, les sources minérales de la contamination ont été établies, ainsi que les processus géochimiques d'altération des minéraux primaires en minéraux tertiaires. La compréhension des mécanismes géochimiques en jeu et les bilans réalisés ont permis de déterminer les origines et les modes de transport et de contrôle des métaux dans cet environnement. Enfin, les carottages des sédiments lacustres et des tourbières ont permis d'évaluer l'évolution historique de la contamination en métaux lourds, notamment au cours du siècle dernier.

2-0xoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases (ZOG Oxygenases) are a relatively poorly characterised enzyme family that hydroxylate biological macromolecules to regulate a variety of essential cellular processes in mammals, including; chromatin remodeling, extra-cellular matrix formation and oxygen sensing. The work in this th esis focuses on a ZOG Oxygenase termed Myc-Induced Nuclear Antigen (MINAS3). This enzyme has been implicated in ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation, and observed overexpressed in several tumour types, yet the identity afits substrate(s) and their role in cancer is unknown. The aims of the resea rch that has resulted in this thesis were to; (i) develop a cell model of MINAS3 enzyme activity, (ii) apply this model to study the role of MINAS3 activity in cell transformation and cancer, and (iii) discover novel cellular processes regulated by MINA53 activity. As such, I have created an isogenic cell model consisting of K-Ras-transformed MINAS3 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) reconstituted with either wildtype or enzyme-inactive MINAS3. Using this model I have shown that MINAS3 activity maintains normal levels of the large ribosomal subunit (60S), and suppresses anchorage-independent growth, autophagy and gene expression. These observations suggest the existence and involvement of one or more substrates. Indeed, proteomic and biochemical analyses in collaboration with the Schofield laboratory (Chemistry, Oxford) confirmed the identity of a MINA53 substrate, the 60S ribosomal protein Rp127a. Together we have shown that Rpl27a is abundantly hydroxylated, and that MINA53 is a histidinyJ hydroxylase; this represents the first discovery of a ribosomal oxygenase. The model developed here did not support a positive role for MINA53 in the transformation of MEFs. Rather it suggested that MINA53 can suppress transformation in some contexts, This prompted a wider investigation that demonstrated underexpression of MINA53 in several tumour types, and the presence of inactivating mutations in breast. ovarian and colon cancer. This thesis provides data supporting further research to understand the role of Rpl27a hydroxylation in the regulation of 60S biogenesis, autophagy and cancer. 2

Those scholars who have overlooked the relevance of Fred Kabotie and the Santa Fe Style he developed have missed an important historical segment of early Native American painting. This dissertation underscores the convergence of diverse intellectual, artistic and cultural backgrounds, especially those of Kabotie and Elizabeth Willis DeHuff, his first art teacher, which led to the formation of the Santa Fe Style in 1918. This style was formative for Dorothy Dunn’s later Studio School at the Santa Fe Indian Boarding School. This first generation of the Santa Fe Style of watercolor painting was empowered by highly educated men and women, who helped to ensure the national recognition Kabotie’s work received. Among Kabotie’s early supporters were Elizabeth Willis and John DeHuff, Mabel Dodge Luhan, Edgar Lee Hewett, Kenneth Chapman, Robert Henri, Maynard Dixon, Marsden Hartley, John Sloan, John Louw Nelson and George Gustav Heye. By uncovering the multiple discourses connecting these individuals with Kabotie and his work, this study develops a basis for analyzing the many perspectives this new style synthesized and advanced. This dissertation positions Kabotie and the Santa Fe Style within these and several larger cultural arenas, including Hopi culture, modern art and Santa Fe intellectuals, thus providing a multistoried dimensionality overlooked in earlier scholarship. Through evaluating these individuals who informed and empowered the creation of the Santa Fe Style, while carefully considering Kabotie’s response to them in his work, this dissertation initiates a clearer understanding of early twentieth-century cultural and artistic interactions, both locally and nationally. The Santa Fe Style provided a new direction for American Indian art prior to World War II; it initiated a fresh dialogue between the Hopi people and the Anglo government, and it afforded a complex and ongoing conversation for not just Fred Kabotie and his art, but also, through him, the Hopi people. Moreover, it had a profound effect on the development of Southwest Native American painting over the next fifty years.