A saúde renal tem ao longo dos últimos anos chamado atenção dos médicos veterinários, pois o comprometimento deste órgão na insuficiência renal crônica se apresenta como a maior causa de morbidade e mortalidade em felinos. O presente estudo propõe a caracterização biométrica dos rins de gatos, Felis catus, sob os aspectos macroscópico (comprimento, altura, largura, peso e volume), mesoscópico (altura do córtex e da medula, e a sua inter-relação) e microscópica (volume glomerular), a fim de se estabelecer possíveis diferenças decorrentes de idade, sexo e simetria bilateral. Foram utilizados, rins de 30 animais da espécie Felis catus (gato deméstico), sendo 15 machos e 15 fêmeas com idade variando entre 3 meses a 15 anos, divididos em três grupos: grupo 1 (3 a 9 meses), grupo 2 (3 a 5 anos) e grupo 3 (acima de 10 anos). Os rins foram fotografados, pesados, mensurados e processados para histologia. O volume glomerular foi obtido através de estereologia. Os dados macroscópicos permitiram observar uma imparcialidade morfométrica e morfológica quando comparados os lados, independente do grupo e do sexo, sobre o comprimento, altura, largura, peso e volume dos rins. Para o sexo foi detectado diferença significante entre machos e fêmeas independente da faixa etária para comprimento, altura, peso e volume, com exceção da largura. Considerando a idade houve diferença significativa para todos os parâmetros: comprimento, altura, largura, peso e volume. Nas mensurações de córtex, medula e sua inter-relação, quando considerada a simetria bilateral, não foi detectada diferença significante entre rim direito e esquerdo. Para o sexo, não foi detectada diferença entre machos e fêmeas na mesoscopia no córtex, na medula e na inter-relação córtex / medula. Quanto à idade, a mensuração da altura do córtex e a inter-relação córtex / medula apresentou diferença significante, porém essa diferença não foi estabelecida para a medula do rim. Foram encontradas diferenças significantes entre grupos e entre machos e fêmeas, em relação ao volume ocupado pelo glomérulo no parênquima renal. Em todas as técnicas biométricas utilizadas não foram detectadas diferenças entre os rins direito e esquerdo. As mensurações macroscópicas mostraram que machos apresentaram um rim maior em comprimento, altura, largura, peso e volume do que as fêmeas. A faixa etária está diretamente relacionada ao tamanho do rim, que cresce em todas as dimensões, fica mais pesado e com maior volume quando comparados jovens e adultos, e se mostra estável morfometricamente em relação aos adultos e senis. O parênquima renal não difere entre os sexos, mas a altura do córtex e a relação com a medula aumentam com a idade. O volume do glomérulo renal é maior em machos do que em fêmeas e também aumenta em relação à idade. Os rins mostraram um predomínio de colágeno tipo I nos animais do grupo 1 e 2, e colágeno tipo III nos animais do grupo 3 / Renal Health has over the last few years called attention from veterinarians because of the commitment of this organ in chronic renal failure presents itself as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cats. This paper proposes biometric characterization of the kidneys from cats, Felis catus, on the macroscopic aspects (length, height, width, weight and volume), mesoscopic (height of the cortex and medulla, and their inter-relationship) and microscopic (glomerular volume) in order to establish possible differences arising from age, gender and bilateral symmetry. It where used 30 kidneys of animals from specie Felis Catus (cat), 15 males and 15 females with ages between 3 months to 15 years, divided into three groups: group 1 (3-9 months), group 2 (3 - 5 years) and group 3 (above 10 years). The kidneys were photographed, weighed, measured and processed for histology. The glomerular volume was obtained by stereology. The macroscopic data allowed to observe a morphometric and morphologic impartiality when compared sides, regardless of group and sex, about the length, height, width, weight and kidney volume. Significant difference was detected between males and females regardless of age for length, height, weight and volume, except for the width. There was a significant difference for all parameters considering the age: length, height, width, weight and volume. Wasnt detected signficant diferences between left and right kdney measurements of cortex, medulla and their inter-relationship, when considered bilateral symmetry. No difference was detected between males and females in mesoscopy in the cortex, medulla and cortex interrelationship cortex / medulla. Regarding age, the measurement of the height of the cortex and the interrelationship cortex / medulla showed a significant difference, but this difference was not established to the medulla of the kidney. Significant differences were found between groups, males and females, compared to the volume occupied by the glomerulus on the parenchyma renal. In all of biometric techniques there wasnt differences between right and left kidneys. The macroscopic measurements showed that males had larger kidney when compared length, height, width, weight and volume than females. The age range is directly related to the size of the kidney, which grows in all dimensions, gets heavier and with higher volume when compared young adults, and shows morphometry stability in relation to adults and senile. The renal parenchyma did not differ between the sexes, but the height of the cortex and the medulla ratio increases with age. The volume of the renal glomerulus is higher in males than in females and also increases in with the age. The kidneys showed a predominance of type I collagen in group 1 and 2, and type III collagen in group 3

A saúde renal tem ao longo dos últimos anos chamado atenção dos médicos veterinários, pois o comprometimento deste órgão na insuficiência renal crônica se apresenta como a maior causa de morbidade e mortalidade em felinos. O presente estudo propõe a caracterização biométrica dos rins de gatos, Felis catus, sob os aspectos macroscópico (comprimento, altura, largura, peso e volume), mesoscópico (altura do córtex e da medula, e a sua inter-relação) e microscópica (volume glomerular), a fim de se estabelecer possíveis diferenças decorrentes de idade, sexo e simetria bilateral. Foram utilizados, rins de 30 animais da espécie Felis catus (gato deméstico), sendo 15 machos e 15 fêmeas com idade variando entre 3 meses a 15 anos, divididos em três grupos: grupo 1 (3 a 9 meses), grupo 2 (3 a 5 anos) e grupo 3 (acima de 10 anos). Os rins foram fotografados, pesados, mensurados e processados para histologia. O volume glomerular foi obtido através de estereologia. Os dados macroscópicos permitiram observar uma imparcialidade morfométrica e morfológica quando comparados os lados, independente do grupo e do sexo, sobre o comprimento, altura, largura, peso e volume dos rins. Para o sexo foi detectado diferença significante entre machos e fêmeas independente da faixa etária para comprimento, altura, peso e volume, com exceção da largura. Considerando a idade houve diferença significativa para todos os parâmetros: comprimento, altura, largura, peso e volume. Nas mensurações de córtex, medula e sua inter-relação, quando considerada a simetria bilateral, não foi detectada diferença significante entre rim direito e esquerdo. Para o sexo, não foi detectada diferença entre machos e fêmeas na mesoscopia no córtex, na medula e na inter-relação córtex / medula. Quanto à idade, a mensuração da altura do córtex e a inter-relação córtex / medula apresentou diferença significante, porém essa diferença não foi estabelecida para a medula do rim. Foram encontradas diferenças significantes entre grupos e entre machos e fêmeas, em relação ao volume ocupado pelo glomérulo no parênquima renal. Em todas as técnicas biométricas utilizadas não foram detectadas diferenças entre os rins direito e esquerdo. As mensurações macroscópicas mostraram que machos apresentaram um rim maior em comprimento, altura, largura, peso e volume do que as fêmeas. A faixa etária está diretamente relacionada ao tamanho do rim, que cresce em todas as dimensões, fica mais pesado e com maior volume quando comparados jovens e adultos, e se mostra estável morfometricamente em relação aos adultos e senis. O parênquima renal não difere entre os sexos, mas a altura do córtex e a relação com a medula aumentam com a idade. O volume do glomérulo renal é maior em machos do que em fêmeas e também aumenta em relação à idade. Os rins mostraram um predomínio de colágeno tipo I nos animais do grupo 1 e 2, e colágeno tipo III nos animais do grupo 3 / Renal Health has over the last few years called attention from veterinarians because of the commitment of this organ in chronic renal failure presents itself as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cats. This paper proposes biometric characterization of the kidneys from cats, Felis catus, on the macroscopic aspects (length, height, width, weight and volume), mesoscopic (height of the cortex and medulla, and their inter-relationship) and microscopic (glomerular volume) in order to establish possible differences arising from age, gender and bilateral symmetry. It where used 30 kidneys of animals from specie Felis Catus (cat), 15 males and 15 females with ages between 3 months to 15 years, divided into three groups: group 1 (3-9 months), group 2 (3 - 5 years) and group 3 (above 10 years). The kidneys were photographed, weighed, measured and processed for histology. The glomerular volume was obtained by stereology. The macroscopic data allowed to observe a morphometric and morphologic impartiality when compared sides, regardless of group and sex, about the length, height, width, weight and kidney volume. Significant difference was detected between males and females regardless of age for length, height, weight and volume, except for the width. There was a significant difference for all parameters considering the age: length, height, width, weight and volume. Wasnt detected signficant diferences between left and right kdney measurements of cortex, medulla and their inter-relationship, when considered bilateral symmetry. No difference was detected between males and females in mesoscopy in the cortex, medulla and cortex interrelationship cortex / medulla. Regarding age, the measurement of the height of the cortex and the interrelationship cortex / medulla showed a significant difference, but this difference was not established to the medulla of the kidney. Significant differences were found between groups, males and females, compared to the volume occupied by the glomerulus on the parenchyma renal. In all of biometric techniques there wasnt differences between right and left kidneys. The macroscopic measurements showed that males had larger kidney when compared length, height, width, weight and volume than females. The age range is directly related to the size of the kidney, which grows in all dimensions, gets heavier and with higher volume when compared young adults, and shows morphometry stability in relation to adults and senile. The renal parenchyma did not differ between the sexes, but the height of the cortex and the medulla ratio increases with age. The volume of the renal glomerulus is higher in males than in females and also increases in with the age. The kidneys showed a predominance of type I collagen in group 1 and 2, and type III collagen in group 3

This thesis is a reconnaissance of the behavioural ecology of domestic cats. The principal subjects were two groups of farm cats. There was also a group of captive cats and a house cat. The study differs from all previous ones in that the cats were tame and therefore could be shadowed and observed for long periods at all hours. It deals with (1) activity patterns and activity budget, (2) use of space and social behaviour, (3) scent communication, (4) foraging and (5) population dynamics.

Cat ownership in Australia is declining compared to an increasing trend of cat ownership in the United Kingdom, United States and Europe. The decline in Australia may be linked to concerns over perceived impacts of cat predation and an associated dislike of cats. However, while there are numerous studies on feral cats and their impacts on declining native fauna, the impact of pet cats on suburban wildlife or fauna in remnant bushland is relatively unknown although there is a wide perception of risk. The primary aim of this thesis was to apply the precautionary principle to the question of the putative impact of pet cats on the abundance and diversity of small mammals in urban bushland adjacent to low-density suburbia in the City of Armadale, a municipality on the south-east fringe of Perth, Western Australia. At the time of writing, Western Australia is yet to introduce state legislation governing cat control although many local councils within the state have either implemented or are in the process of implementing cat regulations. The precautionary principle was deemed an ideal approach to this question, because it provides a rationale for deciding on possible actions where both the potential risk to environmental values and the uncertainty about possible impacts are high. In such cases the precautionary principle requires two broad lines of action: firstly, detailed consultation with stakeholders to determine their perceptions of risk and the actions they are prepared to take to reduce it and, secondly, research to reduce uncertainty. With regard to stakeholder consultation, local residents were surveyed in regard to their attitudes and current cat husbandry practices. A substantial proportion of respondents within this municipality believed cat regulations were necessary (75% of owners and 95% of non-owners). At least 70% of both owners and non-owners agreed with the propositions that cats not owned by licensed breeders should be desexed, local councils should restrict the maximum number of cats that can be owned on one property and that pet cats entering nature reserves are harmful to wildlife. Most (c.85%) cat owners agreed that they would license their cats if that became compulsory. Although fewer owners (c.60%) were prepared to keep their cats on their property at all times to protect wildlife, over 80% were willing to confine their cats at night if it was required. Owners seemed to be substantially motivated by the value of these measures in reducing injury to cats and facilitating the return of lost animals rather than concern over wildlife protection. Attempts to reduce uncertainty involved (i) assessing roaming patterns of pet cats to determine the sizes of appropriate buffer zones around nature reserves, and (ii) determining species diversity, species richness and abundance of small mammals in remnant bushland adjacent to sub-divisions with varying regulations governing cat husbandry. Radio tracking results to assess cat roaming patterns showed substantial variation in home range size between cats in high density suburbia (ranged between 0.01 ha – 0.64 ha) and those in low density suburbia (ranged from 0.07 ha – 2.86ha). Larger home range sizes of cats in the rural areas (up to 2.9 ha) suggest buffer zones of up to 500 metres around nature reserves are needed to exclude almost all roaming cats. The abundance and species richness of small mammals were investigated in four areas of remnant bushland. Two were adjacent to subdivisions where cat ownership was unrestricted, one next to a subdivision where cat ownership was prohibited and the remaining one next to a subdivision where compulsory night curfew and bells on pet cats were enforced. No definitive evidence of predatory impact by pet cats on the small mammals was found. Mammal species diversity was not significantly different between sites and species richness and absolute abundance were not higher in sites where cats were restricted. Vegetation comparisons showed significant differences in the structure and species composition of the vegetation between most sites and the mammal species richness and abundance appeared linked to ground cover density in the various sites. This factor, not cat restrictions, appeared to be the primary determinant of species richness, species diversity and absolute numbers of small mammals in these sites. This study in the City of Armadale has shown that the implementation of proposed cat legislation must have a “whole of ecosystem” approach, i.e. protecting identified remnant bushland containing biodiversity from threatening processes such as plant disease and inappropriate fire, especially arson, as well as possible predations from pet cats. Habitat restoration and protection may be more important conservation activities than regulation of cats. Regulation of cats can be done at differing levels of intensity and cost, bearing in mind that this community is receptive to regulation of some aspects of cat ownership. Community education on the values of cat confinement in regards to cat welfare might increase chances of compliance.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-15T16:11:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Pimentel Bandeira de Melo.pdf: 793664 bytes, checksum: 79341c83c86e5ba3b6f51a28991d5e93 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T16:11:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Pimentel Bandeira de Melo.pdf: 793664 bytes, checksum: 79341c83c86e5ba3b6f51a28991d5e93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-18 / Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular coccidian, tissue cyst forming, which causes toxoplasmosis, zoonotic disease of great impact in public health. T. gondii is able to infect most of warm-blooded animals, including humans. Felids are recognized as the only definitive hosts and are important in toxoplasmosis epidemiology, shedding oocysts in feces, contaminating environment. The purpose of this study was to isolate and genotyping T. gondii in feral cats (Felis catus) from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Pernambuco state, Brazil. During one year sick feral cats were caught by Archipelago Animal Vigilance Center. After chemical restraint (ketamine 10% and xylazine 1%) blood samples of 31 feral cats from different locations on the island were collected. These weak animals posteriorly died and fragments of brain, heart, lung, diaphragm, and liver were collected. Blood samples were intended to serology by Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) for IgG antibody detection and tissue fragments were submitted to mouse bioassay for T. gondii isolation. Anti-T.gondii antibodies were detected in 18/31 (58%) felines. Tissues from seven animals were submitted to bioassay, obtaining two T. gondii isolates non-pathogenic for mouse. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP using 10 molecular markers (SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 e Apico), identifying an atypical strain of T. gondii (ToxoDB #146). This is the first report of this genotype in feral cats worldwide. The results obtained contribute to molecular epidemiology studies of this pathogen and show/demonstrate T. gondii infection in feline population of the Archipelago. Control measures based on health education should be reinforced to prevent the cat infection and to reduce infection sources for definitive and intermediate hosts, especially to human population of this island. / Toxoplasma gondii é um coccídeo intracelular obrigatório formador de cistos teciduais, responsável pela toxoplasmose, zoonose de grande impacto na saúde pública. É capaz de infectar a maioria dos animais homeotérmicos, incluindo humanos. Os felídeos são os únicos hospedeiros definitivos, apresentando grande importância na epidemiologia da toxoplasmose pela capacidade de eliminar oocistos nas fezes, contaminando o ambiente. Este estudo teve como objetivo isolar e genotipar T. gondii em gatos ferais (Felis catus) do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Durante o período de um ano, gatos ferais fracos foram capturados pelo Centro de Vigilância Animal do Arquipélago. Após contenção química (quetamina 10% e xilazina 1%) foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 31 felinos ferais de diferentes localidades da Ilha. Esses animais doentes, posteriormente, vieram a óbito e fragmentos de encéfalo, coração, pulmão, diafragma e fígado foram coletados. As amostras de sangue foram destinadas à sorologia por meio da Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) para pesquisa de anticorpos (IgG) anti-T.gondii e os fragmentos de tecido deos felinos positivos na RIFI foram submetidos ao bioensaio em camundongos para isolamento do protozoário. Anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii foram detectados em 18/31 (58%) felinos. Sete animais tiveram seus tecidos submetidos ao bioensaio, obtendo-se dois isolados de T. gondii não patogênicos para camundongos. A genotipagem foi realizada por meio da PCR-RFLP multilocus, utilizando 10 marcadores genéticos (SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 e Apico). Uma cepa atípica de T. gondii (ToxoDB #146) foi identificada, sendo este o primeiro relato deste genótipo em gatos ferais no mundo. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho contribuem para o estudo da epidemiologia molecular deste agente e permitem concluir que a infecção por T. gondii ocorre na população de felinos do Arquipélago. Medidas de controle baseadas na educação sanitária devem ser reforçadas para prevenir a infecção dos felinos e reduzir as fontes de infecção para outros hospedeiros intermediários, sobretudo para a população humana desta Ilha.

A garantia de bem-estar animal é essencial para assegurar resultados científicos confiáveis, e as técnicas de enriquecimento ambiental, utilizadas nessa busca, não podem ignorar as preferências e necessidades da espécie em questão, tais como o modo de utilização do espaço disponível. Nosso objetivo foi analisar como 35 gatos domésticos (12 machos e 23 fêmeas) utilizam seu espaço e as influências do enriquecimento ambiental nessa questão, visto que tal grupo contempla características de animais de companhia e também de biotério, sendo modelo em diversas pesquisas científicas. A utilização do espaço vertical foi quantificada a partir de filmagens das camas continuamente disponíveis em 4 níveis (0,60; 0,88; 1,16 e 1,46 m) e de refúgios (enriquecimento) em 3 diferentes alturas: 0, 0,5 e 1,0 m. Os resultados indicaram predileção pelas camas mais elevadas (1,46 m); entretanto, houve diferença significativa no tempo de utilização apenas para os refúgios a 0,5m, reforçando a importância de testar e confrontar as preferências dos animais em diferentes circunstâncias. Quanto ao uso do espaço horizontal, a disponibilização de refúgios alterou a distribuição dos animais na área de teste e aumentou comportamentos ativos e passivos. Testamos a escolha entre refúgios descobertos (100%) e com 50% de cobertura e também entre refúgios com aberturas laterais de 25% e 100%. Preferências não identificadas no primeiro teste (100% e 50% descobertas) tornaram-se aparentes quando as aberturas estavam nas laterais: os refúgios com 25% de abertura lateral foram utilizados por mais tempo. Tais resultados podem estar relacionados a ansiedade dos animais confinados, podendo esse teste ser uma potencial alternativa ao labirinto em cruz elevado para estudos de ansiedade com felinos. As diferenças observadas entre machos e fêmeas podem apontar influência diferenciada entre gêneros do confinamento no comportamento de animais castrados. Nossas conclusões ressaltam a necessidade do enriquecimento ambiental bem fundamentado na manutenção do bem-estar animal e sua interferência no uso do espaço. / The guarantee of animal welfare is essential to ensure reliable scientific results, and the techniques of environmental enrichment, used in this quest, shall not ignore the needs and preferences of the species in question, such as how to use the available space. Our objective was to analyze how 35 cats (12 males and 23 females), use their space and the influences of environmental enrichment on this issue, since this group includes characteristics of pets and also of laboratory animals, being a model in several scientific studies. The use of vertical space was quantified through the filming of the continuously available beds in four levels (0.60, 0.88, 1.16 and 1.46 m) and the refuges (enrichment) in three different heights: 0, 0.5 and 1.0 m. Our results show that there is a preference for the higher beds (1.46 m); however, significant differences in time use was observed only for refuges in 0.5 m, reinforcing the importance of testing and comparing the preferences of animals in different circumstances. Regarding the use of horizontal space, the availability of refuges changed the distribution of animals in the test area and increased active and passive behaviors. We tested the choice between uncovered shelters (100%) and ones with 50% coverage and also shelters with lateral openings between 25% and 100%. Preferences which were not identified in the first test (100% and 50% uncovered) became apparent when the openings were on the sides: refuges with 25% side opening were used for a longer period. This finding may be related to the anxiety of confined animals, and this test may be a potential alternative to the elevated plus maze for studies of anxiety in cats. The differences observed between males and females may indicate the influence between genders of confinement on the behavior of castrated animals. Our findings highlight the need for well founded environmental enrichment in the maintenance of animal welfare and its interference with the use of space.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-05-09T14:57:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IlannaVPMO_DISSERT.pdf: 678162 bytes, checksum: 8003e44133f57aea25bafe46976c4bb5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-09T14:57:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IlannaVPMO_DISSERT.pdf: 678162 bytes, checksum: 8003e44133f57aea25bafe46976c4bb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Although infertility and pregnancy loss in cats are still little studied, it is known that the viral causes stand out when referring to this context. Aiming at this, this study aimed to identify the prevalence of viral agents that trigger reproductive pathologies that culminate in abortion, stillbirth and neonatal mortality in cats treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural Semi-Arid University. Samples of blood from each mother (26 pregnant females) were collected for hemogram, renal and hepatic biochemistry and blood glucose analysis. Ultrasound examination was performed to evaluate fetal viability. When possible, placentas, humors and fetal tissues were collected. Blood samples were tested by qPCR and were negative for Feline Leukemia (FeLV) and Feline Immunodeficiency (FIV) viruses. In the test qPCR and PCR for the presence of the feline Alpha hespervirus type 1 (FHV-1), only one sample of maternal blood was positive. Tissues from fetuses from this female were negative for FHV-1. All maternal samples were positive by qPCR and PCR for Feline parvovirus (FPV) or canine (CPV). The hemogram and biochemistry results were significant in the findings of neutrophilia, lymphopenia and monocytosis, in addition to the discrete increase in liver biochemistry (ALT and AST). Associating these findings with positive Parvovirus (PV) maternal results suggests this agent as the cause of the abortments and stillbirths in the studied cats / Embora a infertilidade e a perda da prenhez em gatas sejam ainda pouco estudadas, sabe-se que as causas virais se destacam quando referente à esse contexto. Diante disso, este estudo objetivou identificar a prevalência de agentes virais desencadeadores de patologias reprodutivas que culminam com abortamento, natimortalidade e mortalidade neonatal em gatas atendidas no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. Amostras de sangue de 26 fêmeas gestantes foram coletadas para realização de hemograma, bioquímicas renal e hepática e análise da glicemia. Além disso, exame de ultrassonografia foi realizado para avaliação da viabilidade fetal. Quando possível, coletaram-se placentas, humores e tecidos fetais. As amostras sanguíneas foram testadas através de qPCR e foram negativas para os vírus causadores de Leucemia felina (FeLV) e Imunodeficiência felina (FIV). Nos testes qPCR e PCR para presença do Alpha hespervírus felino tipo 1 (FHV-1), apenas uma amostra de sangue materno mostrou-se positiva. Tecidos dos fetos oriundos desta fêmea foram negativos para FHV-1. Todas as amostras maternas foram positivas para Parvovírus felino (FPV) ou canino (CPV) pelos teste qPCR e PCR. Os resultados de hemograma e bioquímica apresentaram significância nos achados de neutrofilia, linfopenia e monocitose, além de aumento discreto das bioquímicas referentes à fígado (ALT e AST). Associando esses achados aos resultados maternos positivos para o Parvovírus (PV) sugere-se este agente como causador dos abortamentos e natimortalidades nas gatas pesquisadas / 2017-05-09

A garantia de bem-estar animal é essencial para assegurar resultados científicos confiáveis, e as técnicas de enriquecimento ambiental, utilizadas nessa busca, não podem ignorar as preferências e necessidades da espécie em questão, tais como o modo de utilização do espaço disponível. Nosso objetivo foi analisar como 35 gatos domésticos (12 machos e 23 fêmeas) utilizam seu espaço e as influências do enriquecimento ambiental nessa questão, visto que tal grupo contempla características de animais de companhia e também de biotério, sendo modelo em diversas pesquisas científicas. A utilização do espaço vertical foi quantificada a partir de filmagens das camas continuamente disponíveis em 4 níveis (0,60; 0,88; 1,16 e 1,46 m) e de refúgios (enriquecimento) em 3 diferentes alturas: 0, 0,5 e 1,0 m. Os resultados indicaram predileção pelas camas mais elevadas (1,46 m); entretanto, houve diferença significativa no tempo de utilização apenas para os refúgios a 0,5m, reforçando a importância de testar e confrontar as preferências dos animais em diferentes circunstâncias. Quanto ao uso do espaço horizontal, a disponibilização de refúgios alterou a distribuição dos animais na área de teste e aumentou comportamentos ativos e passivos. Testamos a escolha entre refúgios descobertos (100%) e com 50% de cobertura e também entre refúgios com aberturas laterais de 25% e 100%. Preferências não identificadas no primeiro teste (100% e 50% descobertas) tornaram-se aparentes quando as aberturas estavam nas laterais: os refúgios com 25% de abertura lateral foram utilizados por mais tempo. Tais resultados podem estar relacionados a ansiedade dos animais confinados, podendo esse teste ser uma potencial alternativa ao labirinto em cruz elevado para estudos de ansiedade com felinos. As diferenças observadas entre machos e fêmeas podem apontar influência diferenciada entre gêneros do confinamento no comportamento de animais castrados. Nossas conclusões ressaltam a necessidade do enriquecimento ambiental bem fundamentado na manutenção do bem-estar animal e sua interferência no uso do espaço. / The guarantee of animal welfare is essential to ensure reliable scientific results, and the techniques of environmental enrichment, used in this quest, shall not ignore the needs and preferences of the species in question, such as how to use the available space. Our objective was to analyze how 35 cats (12 males and 23 females), use their space and the influences of environmental enrichment on this issue, since this group includes characteristics of pets and also of laboratory animals, being a model in several scientific studies. The use of vertical space was quantified through the filming of the continuously available beds in four levels (0.60, 0.88, 1.16 and 1.46 m) and the refuges (enrichment) in three different heights: 0, 0.5 and 1.0 m. Our results show that there is a preference for the higher beds (1.46 m); however, significant differences in time use was observed only for refuges in 0.5 m, reinforcing the importance of testing and comparing the preferences of animals in different circumstances. Regarding the use of horizontal space, the availability of refuges changed the distribution of animals in the test area and increased active and passive behaviors. We tested the choice between uncovered shelters (100%) and ones with 50% coverage and also shelters with lateral openings between 25% and 100%. Preferences which were not identified in the first test (100% and 50% uncovered) became apparent when the openings were on the sides: refuges with 25% side opening were used for a longer period. This finding may be related to the anxiety of confined animals, and this test may be a potential alternative to the elevated plus maze for studies of anxiety in cats. The differences observed between males and females may indicate the influence between genders of confinement on the behavior of castrated animals. Our findings highlight the need for well founded environmental enrichment in the maintenance of animal welfare and its interference with the use of space.

La prédation exercée par le Chat domestique (Felis silvestris catus) joue un rôle majeur dans la conservation de certaines espèces proies et la prévention de zoonoses. L'objectif de cette étude était d'identifier les facteurs de variation de cette prédation en milieu rural. L'étude a été conduite dans les Ardennes. La population étudiée comptait 143 individus, dont 44 % de chats de propriétaire (nourris ad libitum, 80 % stérilisés) et 56 % de chats de ferme (peu nourris, non stérilisés). Le DNA metabarcoding et le génotypage ont permis de détecter la fréquence d'apparition des aliments dans des fèces collectées sur le terrain et d'attribuer ces fèces à l'une ou l'autre des catégories de chats. Des individus ont été équipés de colliers GPS et d'accéléromètres tridimensionnels. L'éthogramme accélérométrique d'une séquence de chasse a été construit afin de pouvoir, à terme, relever les événements de prédation et de consommation des proies des individus équipés. Enfin, des variables associées à la prédation ont été mise en relation avec leur sociabilité envers les humains. Les chats ont essentiellement consommé des rongeurs et des aliments d'origine anthropique. En été, les chats de propriétaire chassaient aussi fréquemment que les chats de ferme, tandis qu'en hiver ils chassaient beaucoup moins souvent que ces derniers. Les chats de propriétaire ont de plus petits domaines vitaux que les chats de ferme. Les deux catégories de chats ont un rayon d'action restreint lorsque la pluviométrie est élevée et ont pour proies principales Microtus arvalis et Arvicola terrestris. Le degré de sociabilité des chats vis-à-vis des humains semble affecter leur succès de capture diurne de proies. / The predation exerted by the Domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) is of special concerns for conservation and prevention of zoonosis issues. This study aims to identify the factors of variation of the predation exerted by cats in a rural landscape. It has been conducted in the Ardennes region. The population studied was composed of 143 individuals, including 44% of house cats (fed ad libitum, 80% sterilized) and 56% of farm cats (poorly fed, not sterilized). DNA metabarcoding and genotyping technics allowed to detect occurrences of food items in field-collected feces and to attribute those feces to one or the other cat categories. Some individuals were equipped with a collar composed by a GPS unit and a tri-axial accelerometer device. The ethogram of a hunting sequence based on accelerometry was constructed to gather information concerning the occurrences of predation and the consumption of the preys by the equipped individuals. Finally, some variables associated to the predation were put in relation with the sociability of cats towards humans. The cats essentially consumed rodents and anthropogenic food. During the summer, the house cats were hunting as frequently as the farm cats, whereas during the winter they were hunting a lot less comparing to the farm cats. Both cat categories have smaller daily movement range during high rainfall periods and their main preys are Microtus arvalis and Arvicola terrestris. The sociability degree of the cats towards humans seems to affect their diurnal stalk success.

Mycoplasma haemofelis, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum and Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis are the causative agents of feline mycoplasmosis, these agents are gram-negative, pleomorphic, small and that adhere to the surface of erythrocytes of the animal involved. Clinical signs of feline mycoplasmosis are manifestations of acute or chronic anemia, occurring weight loss, anorexia, depression, pale mucous membranes, weakness, joint pain, soreness and occasionally splenomegaly and jaundice, the animal may come to death in severe cases. The diagnosis is based on detection of the parasite in blood smears and also in molecular diagnostics using PCR. Aiming to determine the occurrence of Mycoplasma spp. in domestic cats in a region of Belém, Pará, and hematological changes of animals naturally infected by these parasites were collected 201 blood samples with EDTA for Count Blood Cells (CBC) analysis and extraction of DNA for performing the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as well as blood smears ear tip for detection of the parasite on the surface of erythrocyte. Found 5.47% (11/201) of positive examination of blood smears, being 1.47% (1/68) of males and 7.51% (10/133) than females. The DNA of Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum was found in 7.96% (16/201) where 16.17 % (11/68) were males and 3.75% (5/133) females, was detected Mycoplasma haemofelis in 1.49% (3/201) of samples totaling 2.94% (2/68) of males and 0.75% (1/133) of females. The CBC showed changes in erythrocytes, hematocrit and hemoglobin only in those animals with DNA of Mycoplasma haemofelis. / Mycoplasma haemofelis, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum e Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis são os agentes causadores da micoplasmose felina, estes agentes são bactérias gram-negativas, pleomórficas, pequenas e que se aderem à superfície dos eritrócitos do animal acometido. Os sinais clínicos da micoplasmose felina são manifestações de anemia aguda ou crônica, ocorrendo perda de peso, anorexia, depressão, membranas mucosas pálidas, fraqueza, dores articulares, hiperestesia e, ocasionalmente esplenomegalia e icterícia, podendo o animal vir a óbito nos casos mais graves. O diagnóstico é baseado na detecção do parasita em esfregaços sanguíneos e também no diagnóstico molecular pela PCR. Objetivando determinar a ocorrência de Mycoplasma spp. em felinos domésticos da região de Belém-Pará, e as alterações hematológicas dos animais naturalmente infectados por estes parasitos, foram coletadas 201 amostras de sangue com EDTA para análise de hemograma e extração de DNA para realização de Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR) bem como esfregaços sanguíneos de ponta de orelha para detecção do parasita na superfície do eritrócito. Foram encontrados 5,47% (11/201) de positividade no exame de esfregaço sanguíneo, sendo 1,47% (1/68) de machos e 7,51% (10/133) de fêmeas. O DNA de Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum foi encontrado em 7,96% (16/201) dos animais onde 16,17% (11/68) eram machos e 3,75% (5/133) eram fêmeas, já Mycoplasma haemofelis foi detectado em 1,49% (3/201) das amostras, totalizando 2,94% (2/68) de machos e 0,75% (1/133) de fêmeas. O hemograma mostrou alterações em eritrócitos, volume globular e hemoglobina apenas nos animais em que foi detectado DNA de Mycoplasma haemofelis.