This dissertation analyses, through a rhetorical framework and a literary approach, texts written in Catalan and Castilian by four Catalan female writers (Dolors Monserdà, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, Esther Tusquets, Monserrat Roig ), whose works cover from 1900 to the 1980. Utilizing this urban feminine literature, it discusses the historical-geographical vision about the changes in Catalan society during the twentieth century with its consequences for the urban space, especially the space occupied by women. It is also established that Barcelona’s recovery and literary vindication by women has been done through the written text, as literary affirmation and as a matter of conscience in which the city could not be summed up as a backdrop, but rather as an active part of a literary creation, active in the double sense, as a socio-historical space in the novel and as characteristic of their works. The primary purpose of this dissertation is to demonstrate that the use of the city as a setting for the novels determines and characterizes those female writers’ texts. Consequently, these writings are literary material relevant and essential to the understanding of the Barcelonian women’s space. However their use of space is not arbitrary, on the contrary it corresponds to a social order established by the patriarchy where the relation of women to the world is embodied in the intentional and socially restricted space and movements of their bodies. The theoretical perspectives of this study are based on Montserrat Roig’s feminist urban space theories. Her theory advocates the right to individuality, denouncing the patriarchal and hierarchical social system present in gendered space from the outside male world to the domestic feminized space. I also turn to the writings of Maria Aurèlia Capmany, who addresses cultural aspects of women’s roles revealing a purposive controlled patriarchal society according to a historical-geographical analysis. This study of texts permits a new reading of the Catalan capital and demonstrates that Catalan women writers have consciously willed to give birth to a new history of the city: the history of women as protagonist citizens, producers, reproducers, and consumers of the space represented by the Catalan capital

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Dans la deuxième partie du XIXe siècle, les femmes qui osent écrire et publier sont encore très peu nombreuses. Face à une société qui les rejette ou qui les traite de bas bleus, elles sont à la recherche de solutions et celles qu’elles trouvent sont soit se cacher sous des apparences d‘hommes et publier sous pseudonyme, soit par contre, approfondir le féminin et écrire une littérature du moi : journal, autobiographie, roman épistolaire.Margareta Miller-Verghy (1865-1953), une écrivaine ignorée par les histoires littéraires, qui est pourtant parmi les premières écrivaines francophones roumaines, commence sa carrière littéraire en publiant sous pseudonyme. Ses romans, dont le dernier Blandina, qui paraît à titre posthume et en traduction roumaine, témoignent de cette littérature à forte dimension autobiographique. Son destin traverse deux siècles et peut être considéré comme représentatif du chemin que la femme-écrivain parcourt à partir de l’époque du mépris et de la méfiance du XIXe siècle, jusqu’à la pleine acceptation, au XXe siècle.Margareta Miller-Verghy naît à Jassy, Roumanie, mais passe son enfance et plus tard sa jeunesse à Genève, dans un milieu non seulement francophone, mais aussi multilingue. Ainsi s’explique son penchant pour les langues et son talent de traductrice qu‘elle exerce dans un premier temps en traduisant en français l’œuvre de Mihail Eminescu, le plus grand poète roumain. Après une licence en Sciences Sociales, obtenue toujours à Genève, elle devient directrice de l’Asile Elena Doamna, à Bucarest, et en cette qualité elle publie des ouvrages à contenu didactique, dont une méthode d’apprentissage du français, qui est parmi les premières de ce genre. Sa carrière d’écrivaine commence en 1883 avec une nouvelle parue sous le pseudonyme Marmil et continue par trois romans, le premier, Theano, paru en Roumanie et en France en 1919 et respectivement en 1921, le deuxième Cealaltă lumină (L’Autre Lumière), en 1944, un témoignage de l’accident à la suite duquel elle a perdu sa vue et le dernier Blandina (1980), qui est en fait le premier de ce cycle autobiographique. En dehors de cette activité dans le champ de la littérature, elle milite pour la littérature féminine, en publiant une anthologie intitulée Evoluţia scrisului feminin în România(Évolution de l’écrit féminin en Roumanie), s’intéressée aux arts, dirige pour une vingtaine d’année une institution qui organisait des projets culturels, La Maison d’Art, et exerce une importante activité charitable, surtout pendant la première guerre mondiale.La biographie de cette femme-écrivain, accompagnée par l’édition critique de son roman le plus connu constituent l’objet de la thèse que nous avons créée, mais pour que son œuvre et son activité si diverse et si complexe soient connues et appréciées par les générations futures, la recherche très laborieuse que nous avons réalisée dans les archives doit être élargie par un travail d’édition et de réédition. Continuer cette étude par une monographie, par une nouvelle édition du roman Blandine, par une édition d’œuvres nous semble un devoir pour les années à venir. / In the second half of the nineteenth century, women who dare to write and publish are still very few. Faced with a society that rejects them or treats them as blue bottoms, they are looking for solutions and those they find are either to hide under the appearance of men and publish under pseudonym, to be against, deepen the feminine and write a literature of the self: journal, autobiography, novel letter writer. Margareta Miller-Verghy (1865-1953), a writer ignored by literary histories, who is among the first French-speaking Romanian writers, begins her literary career publishing under pseudonym. Her novels, including the last one, "Blandina", appear posthumous and in Romanian translation testify to this literature with a strong autobiographical dimension. Her destiny goes back two centuries and can be considered representative for the path that the female writers travel from the time of contempt and mistrust of the nineteenth century to the full acceptance in the twentieth century.Margareta Miller-Verghy was born in Jassy, Romania, but spent her childhood and later her youth in Geneva, not only in a French environment, but also in a multilingual one. This explains her penchant for foreign languages and her talent as a translator, which she makes use of when translating into French the work of Mihail Eminescu, the greatest Romanian poet. After a bachelor's degree in Social Sciences, while still in Geneva, she became director of the Elena Doamna Asylum in Bucharest and in this quality she published books with didactic content, including a method of learning French, which is among the premieres of this kind. Her writing career began in 1883 with a short story published under the pseudonym Marmil and continued with three novels, the first, Theano, published in Romania and France in 1919 and respectively in 1921, the second "Cealaltă lumină" ("The Other Light"), in 1944, a testimony of the accident in which she lost her eyesight, and the last "Blandina" (1980), which is actually the first of this autobiographical cycle. Apart from this activity in the field of literature, she advocates for women's literature, publishing an anthology entitled "Evoluția scrisului feminin în România" ("Evolution of the female writing in Romania"). She is interested in arts, directs for twenty years an institution that organizes cultural projects, The House of Art, and has a significant charitable activity, especially during the First World War.In order for her work, which is so diverse and so complex, to be known and appreciated by future generations, the very laborious research we have carried out in the archives must be expanded by editing and re-editing. To continue this study with a monography, with a new edition of the novel "Blandine", with an edition of gathered works seems to us a duty for the years to come.

Unindo crítica cultural à pesquisa acadêmica, pretendemos mapear a poesia de Patti Smith e Ana Cristina Cesar, partindo de seus respectivos contextos da década de 1970 o movimento punk nova-iorquino, nos Estados Unidos, e a poesia marginal, no Brasil , para então explorar seus pontos de convergência, no que tange a uma micropolítica do feminino e a uma estética de confrontamento. Pensamos ambas as poetas como cartógrafas de uma época e das transformações intrínsecas a essa época, mapeadas por elas no fazer poético, no corpo da linguagem, por meio de uma política-estética; por elas somos levados à política como estética; à política menor, do eu mínimo, de Deleuze, em caráter contingente, de subjetividade e feminilidade. Discutimos também como, a voz do feminino localizado em Patti e Ana C. dá vazão à abertura de um novo tipo de experimentalismo que se integra a uma genealogia de arte/cultura e ao legado da poesia moderna travando diálogo com elementos catalisadores do pós-moderno que desembocariam no contemporâneo. / By merging cultural criticism and academic research, we aim to rummage the poetic works of Patti Smith and Ana Cristina Cesar, starting from their respective contexts in the 1970s the New York punk scene in the United States, and marginal poetry in Brazil , and on to explore their points of convergence within the micropolitics of the feminine and an aesthetics of confrontation. The two poets are taken as cartographers of a time and of the changes that are intrinsic to that time, which they chart on the making of poetry, on the body of language, by means of a politics-aesthetics. We are led to politics as aesthetics a politics of what is contingent, of subjectivity and of femaleness; Deleuzes minor politics, or politics of the minimal self. We will also discuss how, in the voices of the feminine (further than that of feminism) that underpin their poetics/aesthetics, a new kind of experimentalism opens up within a genealogy of art and culture and the legacy of modern poets thus engaging in a dialogue with a small/minor History, with the microsphere, the outsider, and disruption; unfoldings of nascent notions of the post-modern and the contemporary.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Unindo crítica cultural à pesquisa acadêmica, pretendemos mapear a poesia de Patti Smith e Ana Cristina Cesar, partindo de seus respectivos contextos da década de 1970 o movimento punk nova-iorquino, nos Estados Unidos, e a poesia marginal, no Brasil , para então explorar seus pontos de convergência, no que tange a uma micropolítica do feminino e a uma estética de confrontamento. Pensamos ambas as poetas como cartógrafas de uma época e das transformações intrínsecas a essa época, mapeadas por elas no fazer poético, no corpo da linguagem, por meio de uma política-estética; por elas somos levados à política como estética; à política menor, do eu mínimo, de Deleuze, em caráter contingente, de subjetividade e feminilidade. Discutimos também como, a voz do feminino localizado em Patti e Ana C. dá vazão à abertura de um novo tipo de experimentalismo que se integra a uma genealogia de arte/cultura e ao legado da poesia moderna travando diálogo com elementos catalisadores do pós-moderno que desembocariam no contemporâneo. / By merging cultural criticism and academic research, we aim to rummage the poetic works of Patti Smith and Ana Cristina Cesar, starting from their respective contexts in the 1970s the New York punk scene in the United States, and marginal poetry in Brazil , and on to explore their points of convergence within the micropolitics of the feminine and an aesthetics of confrontation. The two poets are taken as cartographers of a time and of the changes that are intrinsic to that time, which they chart on the making of poetry, on the body of language, by means of a politics-aesthetics. We are led to politics as aesthetics a politics of what is contingent, of subjectivity and of femaleness; Deleuzes minor politics, or politics of the minimal self. We will also discuss how, in the voices of the feminine (further than that of feminism) that underpin their poetics/aesthetics, a new kind of experimentalism opens up within a genealogy of art and culture and the legacy of modern poets thus engaging in a dialogue with a small/minor History, with the microsphere, the outsider, and disruption; unfoldings of nascent notions of the post-modern and the contemporary.

Avec l’essor du néo-féminisme en Italie à la fin des années 1960, un genre littéraire se développe rapidement : le roman féministe. Souvent relaté à la première personne, il présente des parcours de femmes aux prises avec une société patriarcale qui les opprime et dont elles tentent de se libérer. Dès ses premières oeuvres, Dacia Maraini s’inscrit dans cette veine narrative. Elle en fournira les exemples les plus célèbres (notamment avec Donna in guerra en 1975) et en assurera la diffusion même après la fin du féminisme militant dans les années 1980 avec des oeuvres moins marquées idéologiquement mais toujours inscrites dans une visée de dénonciation des inégalités. À mi-chemin entre création littéraire et engagement politique, les récits féministes à la première personne de Dacia Maraini s’attachent tout particulièrement à la question du corps, interface entre soi et les autres, entre le privé et le politique. Considérant la période 1962- 2001, ce travail montre comment l’auteure investit et questionne les territoires du genre, de la sexualité et de la maternité par le biais de fictions mais aussi d’oeuvres autobiographiques. Dans une optique pluridisciplinaire empruntant à la fois les outils de l’analyse littéraire et de l’histoire des idées, le je des récits du corpus est analysé en tant que modalité énonciative spécifique mais aussi en tant qu’instrument performatif de diffusion du féminisme marainien, dans un rapport circulaire entre art et société, entre culture et pouvoir. / With the rise of neo-feminism in Italy in the end of the 1960's, a new literary genre quickly developed: the feminist novel. The first-person narrative was frequently used to portray women who fought against an oppressing patriarchal society from which they tried to get free. From her first works, Dacia Maraini followed this narrative style. She provided its most famous examples (especially in Donna in guerra, in 1975) and she guaranteed its propagation – even after the end of activist feminism in the 1980's – through works that were not as ideologically engaged as the first ones but that still aimed at denouncing inequalities. Halfway between literary creation and political commitment, the first person feminist narrative of Dacia Maraini particularly focuses on the topic of the body, as a link between one and the others, between the personal and the political. I will study the 1962-2001 period, and I will show how the author concentrates on the territories of gender, sexuality and motherhood and how she questions them through fiction and autobiographical stories. I choose a multidisciplinary perspective that takes the tools of both literary analysis and the history of ideas, in order to analyse the use of the first person as a specific enunciative modality and as a performative instrument for the propagation of Marainian feminism in a circular relationship between arts and society, between culture and power.

L’œuvre de l’Autrichienne Elfriede Jelinek (Prix Nobel de Littérature en 2004) est ici approchée par la bande, c’est-à-dire par les « petits textes » rédigés tout au long de sa carrière en marge de ses pièces et romans. Textes de circonstance, ces essais reposent sur un paradigme esthétique spécifique que le présent travail se propose d’exposer en revenant à leurs conditions de publication initiales. On s’aperçoit ainsi qu’il s’agit de textes de commande véhiculés par des supports médiatiques différents du livre (revue, tract, programme, internet) et qui impliquent une réception particulière, induite par leur dispersion et leur fugacité. La présentation du corpus se fait sur fond des grandes césures de l’œuvre jelinekienne mais aussi de la littérature autrichienne d’après 1945, recomposant le réseau personnel et professionnel de l’auteur et la réintégrant dans sa génération. Trois chapitres sont consacrés à une analyse détaillée des textes. Celle-ci montre d’abord la genèse progressive de leur thématique centrale, à savoir la possibilité d’une œuvre féminine. Elle s’attache ensuite aux trois principes fondamentaux de leur style que sont l’évidement, le paradoxe et la fluidification. Elle étudie enfin le rapport au lecteur conçu sur le mode du brouillage et de l’interférence, qui permet, pour un temps, de prolonger la vie de textes dont le sens tend à s’obscurcir rapidement. Les notions de relation et de singularité sont placées au cœur de cette thèse, identifiées comme l’enjeu esthétique et politique majeur du corpus mais aussi d’une partie de la tradition du genre dont quelques définitions emblématiques (Lukács, Adorno, Barthes, Marielle Macé, Georg Stanitzek) sont discutées. / This thesis discusses the work of the Austrian writer Elfriede Jelinek (Nobel Prize for Literature 2004) from its margins, from a corpus of “short texts” written from the beginning of her career beside her novels and plays. As occasional prose, these essays are grounded in a specific aesthetic paradigm, which this dissertation seeks to define by examining their original conditions of publication. This method brings to light that these are commissioned works, released on very different media formats than a book (journals, flyers, programs and the internet), which have their own mode of reception due to their volatility in space and time. The corpus is presented against the backdrop of Jelinek’s main work and its major turning-points. It is also set in the context of Austria’s post-1945 literature according to the author’s personal and professional network in order to reintegrate Jelinek in her generation. Three chapters are then dedicated to a detailed analysis of the texts. This thesis highlights the slow genesis of their main theme, the possibility of a feminine work of art. Then it studies three characteristics of their style - hollowing, paradox and liquidity. Lastly, it deals with the relation to the reader, conceived as jamming and interference, both allowing, at least for a time, to prolong the text’s meaning, as it otherwise tends to become more and more obscure. Relation and singularity are key notions of this thesis, considered as the main aesthetic and political issues of its corpus, being also part of the essayistic tradition, discussed through some canonical definitions (Lukács, Adorno, Barthes, Marielle Macé, Georg Stanitzek).

Dans cette étude, on s’est concentré sur trois oeuvres de Marguerite Andersen, qui s'écrivent autour d’un thème : le mélange de la réalité et de la fiction. Donc, le but de cette thèse repose sur une étude de l'écriture autofictionnelle, qui se rattache étroitement à la quête identitaire du personnage. Et tout cela renvoie bien à la motivation de l’écriture de l’auteure : d’un côté, elle partage ses témoignages personnels avec celui qui vit aussi dans un contexte multiculturel, de telle manière que son écriture participe d’une pédagogie. De l’autre, elle parle au nom d’une femme écrivaine, de façon à contribuer à la lutte de la femme pour un avenir plus lumineux dans la société. Ainsi, la thèse comporte une première partie consacrée à la construction de l’identité entre le personnage, la narratrice et l’auteure, la deuxième analyse l’écriture du temps et de l’espace, et la troisième est composée de trois chapitres, portant respectivement sur l’hétérogénéité narrative dans les trois oeuvres. A travers des analyses de la modalité narrative exploitée par l’auteure dans chaque oeuvre, dans la conclusion, on dégage dans les trois oeuvres la cohérence, qui donne à réfléchir sur des thèmes constants et le mécanisme exploré par l’auteure dans d’autres oeuvres, et qui renvoie à la contribution de l’écriture andersenienne à l’écriture au féminin, à la littérature francophone. / In this work, we focused on three works of Marguerite Andersen, which are written around a theme : the mixture of reality and fiction. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is based on a study of autofictional which is closely related to the investigation of character identity. All of these exactly refer to the author's motivation : on the one hand, by sharing her personal stories with the person who also lives in a multicultural context, in such a way that her writing is considered a pedagogy. On the other hand, as a female writer, she could be more able to understand women's struggle and help them to rebuild a brighter future in society more objectively. Thus, the first part of this thesis is devoted to construct a consistent identity among the character, the narrator, the author; the second part analyzes the writing in terms of time and space; and the third is composed of three chapters, which elaborate narrative heterogeneity among three works respectively. Based on the analysis of narrative modality exploited by the author in each work, in the conclusion part, we draw from three works a common which leads to a reflection about constant theme and the writing skills explored by the author in other works£»meanwhile, it highlights the contribution of andersenienne in regards to women's writing and Francophone literature.

Orientador: Marcia Abreu / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T11:06:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Furquim_TaniaMagaliFerreira_M.pdf: 2332503 bytes, checksum: 4ee7a9c1a43506e791fda5a82343eeb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Mestrado / Historia e Historiografia Literaria / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária