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Bone quality and the conditions that affect it make up a large field of study. One specific area of interest is the loss in bone strength during exposure to microgravity. The femoral neck (FN) region in particular is an important region of study since a FN failure has such a detrimental effect on mobility. The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of microgravity and recovery on the FN in the adult male hindlimb unloaded (HU) rat model. This was done through peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), mechanical testing in two different loading conditions, and estimated strength indices. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (6-mo) were grouped into baseline (BL), ambulatory cage control (CC) and hindlimb unloaded (HU); HU and CC animals were further divided into sub-groups (n=15 each): HU euthanized after 28 days of suspension, and HU euthanized after 28, 56, and 84 days of recovery with CC groups being euthanized at each of these time points. The excised right and left femoral necks were both scanned ex vivo using pQCT. Quasi-static mechanical testing was performed with the right femurs positioned vertically and the left femurs positioned laterally at a -10 degree angle. A series of strength indices was used to attempt to predict the mechanical testing results, including a compression index, a bending index and an alternative combination of the two. HU exposure led to 6.3 percent lower bone mineral content (BMC), compared to BL and 7.8 percent lower total volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) at the FN. The vertical or axial loading showed a 17.1 percent drop in mechanical strength due to HU exposure. The lateral loading test revealed a 5.4 percent drop in strength, showing that HU had a greater effect on the axial loading configuration. Also, after just 28 days of recovery, the axial loading test revealed a complete recovery of strength. None of the strength indexes completely predicted the mechanical behavior of the FN. In the right femur, the combined index had the highest correlation with an R value of 0.94. The bending strength index had the highest correlation in the left lateral testing with an R value of 0.98. However, in all the cases, the strength indexes failed to predict the mechanical behavior at all the time points. In general, the strength indexes provide valuable input, but fail to replace mechanical testing.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009. / Prepared for: Dept. of Physiology. Title from title-page of electronic thesis. Bibliography: leaves 94-110.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-48).

Thesis (doctoral)--Katholieke Universiteit te Nijmegen.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2015-04-15T04:07:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luanne Lísle dos Santos Silva.pdf: 3875461 bytes, checksum: 8221e1231ead37039cfa1da51e1a443a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-15T04:07:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luanne Lísle dos Santos Silva.pdf: 3875461 bytes, checksum: 8221e1231ead37039cfa1da51e1a443a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-07 / Osteonecrose da cabeça femoral (ONCF) é considerada intratável, progressiva e afeta principalmente pessoas jovens. A proposta deste estudo foi determinar se existe associação entre ONCF e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS). Enquanto as deformidades radiográficas são bem descritas, resta esclarecer melhor se estas mudanças podem corroborar na piora da qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes acometidos. Foi realizado estudo comparativo, descritivo e analítico constituído por 147 pessoas. Trinta e dois participantes com média de idade de 12,81, de 8 a 18 anos do grupo com ONCF e 44 do grupo comparação, respectivamente associados à presença simultânea de 28 e 43 pais entrevistados responderam os questionários. Diante da análise quantitativa, foi evidenciado diminuição da qualidade de vida do “grupo com necrose” que demonstrou baixo escore de PedsQL 4.0 total de 58,86 (16,54) pontos. No Brasil, este estudo é pioneiro ao analisar QVRS relacionada à ONCF em população pediátrica.

Submitted by Fernanda Rodrigues de Lima (fernanda.rlima@ufpe.br) on 2018-10-09T20:44:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Daniella Maria de Souza e Silva.pdf: 2003443 bytes, checksum: ecc20046b6d4c72989c76720103f4b7f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-11-21T19:27:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Daniella Maria de Souza e Silva.pdf: 2003443 bytes, checksum: ecc20046b6d4c72989c76720103f4b7f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-21T19:27:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Daniella Maria de Souza e Silva.pdf: 2003443 bytes, checksum: ecc20046b6d4c72989c76720103f4b7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-02 / Introdução: As cirurgias de reconstrução venosa representam um desafio aos cirurgiões vasculares, pois as veias perdem sua forma cilíndrica, devido às características da anatomia e fisiologia do sistema venoso. A evolução no processo de fabricação de produtos de biopolímero de cana-de-açúcar, resultou na produção de tubos, permitindo sua aplicação na área de cirurgia vascular como enxerto tubular venoso. Objetivo: Avaliar a resposta clínica funcional e de biointegração de próteses tubulares de biopolímero da cana-de-açúcar na reconstrução de veias femorais em cães. Métodos: Oito cães foram submetidos a reconstrução venosa com a prótese tubular de biopolímero de cana de açúcar à esquerda e veia autóloga à direita. No período pós-operatório, os animais foram avaliados através do exame clínico e Dopler fluxometria das veias femorais. Após 360 foram submetidos a flebografia e a uma nova intervenção cirurgica para a retirada dos segmentos das veias femorais, esquerda e direita, contendo segmento de 1 cm das veias nativas proximal e distal, a partir dos enxertos de reconstrução. Os materias foram enviados para estudo histopatológico. Resultados: No período de 360 dias de observação, os cães não apresentaram sinais clínicos de hemorragia, hematoma e infecção na ferida operatória. Um cão apresentou, na região inguinal esquerda, dilatação venosa superficial. Foi encontrada trombose em cinco (62,5%) enxertos do biopolímero de cana-de-açúcar e um (12,5%) de veia autóloga. Conclusão: A prótese de biopolímero de cana-de-açúcar pode ser utilizada como enxerto tubular para revascularização de veias femorais em cães. / Introduction: Venous reconstruction surgeries present a challenge to vascular surgeons because the veins lose their cylindrical shape due to the characteristics of the anatomy and physiology of the venous system. The evolution in the production process of sugarcane biopolymer products resulted in the production of tubes, allowing its application in the area of vascular surgery as a venous tubular graft. Objective: To evaluate the functional and biointegration response of tubular biopolymer prostheses of sugarcane in the reconstruction of femoral veins in dogs. Methods: Eight dogs were submitted to venous reconstruction with the tubular biopolymer prosthesis of sugar cane to the left and autologous vein to the right. In the postoperative period, the animals were evaluated through clinical examination and dopler flowmetry of the femoral veins. After 360 were submitted to phlebography and a new surgical intervention for the removal of segments of the femoral veins, left and right, containing 1 cm segment of the proximal and distal native veins, from the reconstruction grafts. Subjects were sent for histopathological study. Results: During the 360-day observation period, the dogs did not present clinical signs of hemorrhage, hematoma and infection in the surgical wound. A dog had superficial venous dilatation in the left inguinal region. Thrombosis was found in five (62.5%) grafts of the biopolymer of sugarcane and one (12.5%) of autologous vein. Conclusion: The sugar cane biopolymer prosthesis can be used as a tubular graft for revascularization of femoral veins in dogs.

Introduction: Over the recent years, there has been increased interest in the use of transradial (TR) access for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), including rotational atherectomy (RA). However, a large proportion of operators seem to be reluctant to use TR access for complex PCI including rotational atherectomy for heavily calcified coronary lesions. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Cochrane Library for studies comparing radial versus femoral access in patients undergoing RA. Studies were included if they reported at least one of the following outcomes in each group separately: major adverse cardiac events (MACE), major bleeding, stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction (MI), hospital length of stay, radiation exposure, procedure time, procedure success and all-cause mortality. Odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and a p-value of <0.05 was considered as a level of significance. Results: This meta-analysis included 5 retrospective studies with 3315 patients undergoing RA via radial access and 5838 patients via femoral access. Radial access was associated with lower major access site bleeding (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.31–0.67, p < 0.001), and radiation exposure (MD: −16.1, 95%CI: −25.4–−6.7 Gy cm 2 , p = 0.0007). There were no significant differences observed in all-cause in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.69–1.23, p = 0.58); MACE (OR: 0.80, CI: 0.63, 1.02, p = 0.08), stent thrombosis (OR: 0.28, 95%CI: 0.06–1.33 p = 0.11); and MI (OR: 0.43, 95%CI: 0.15–1.24, p = 0.12). There were no significant differences in hospital stay, procedure time or procedure success between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This meta-analysis of 9153 patients from observational studies demonstrates similar all-cause mortality, MACE, procedural success and procedural time during RA performed using TR access and TF access. However, TR access was associated with decreased access site bleeding and radiation exposure. Given the observational nature of these findings, a randomized controlled trial is warranted for further evidence.

Laparoscopic femoral herniorrhaphy using a preperitoneal plug and patch appears to be a feasible laparoscopic approach to femoral hernia. A modified preperitoneal femoral hernia repair with mesh and resection of incarcerated small bowel has been successfully completed under laparoscopic guidance in a 64-year-old patient with incarcerated femoral hernia. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported in the United States. With further experience, laparoscopic femoral herniorrhaphy could provide a viable alter-native to the standard treatment of femoral hernia.