Lansen Technology develops and sells alarm systems. The communication between the system devices are wireless. The radio protocol used by the system is developed by Lansen with the purpose to be energy efficient. The alarm systems target groups are individuals, businesses and government agencies. The current system is installed, configured and controlled from a control panel for all audiences. Some operations are also available using a mobile phone via a GSM network. Lansen Technology has a request to move more of the functionality to a mobile device and avoid the cost of using the GSM network used today. The target group for the application is primarily users that want instant access to information within the network. The project has mainly consisted of two parts. The first part of the project was to investigate two different wireless technologies that were relevant to the project. The investigation showed that Bluetooth was the best choice based on the requirements of the alarm system. Bluetooth was then integrated to the existing alarm system. The second part consisted of developing software to operate the alarm system from a PDA running Windows Mobile. An application was developed successfully and it can perform the majority of the functions specified by Lansen. The idea of remote controlling an alarm system from a mobile device has resulted in a successful project. Lansen Technology develops and sells alarm systems. The communication between the system devices are wireless. The radio protocol used by the system is developed by Lansen with the purpose to be energy efficient. The alarm systems target groups are individuals, businesses and government agencies. The current system is installed, configured and controlled from a control panel for all audiences. Some operations are also available using a mobile phone via a GSM network. Lansen Technology has a request to move more of the functionality to a mobile device and avoid the cost of using the GSM network used today. The target group for the application is primarily users that want instant access to information within the network. The project has mainly consisted of two parts. The first part of the project was to investigate two different wireless technologies that were relevant to the project. The investigation showed that Bluetooth was the best choice based on the requirements of the alarm system. Bluetooth was then integrated to the existing alarm system. The second part consisted of developing software to operate the alarm system from a PDA running Windows Mobile. An application was developed successfully and it can perform the majority of the functions specified by Lansen. The idea of remote controlling an alarm system from a mobile device has resulted in a successful project. / Lansen Technology utvecklar och säljer larmsystem. Kommunikationen mellan systemets enheter sker trådlöst. Det trådlösa radioprotokoll som används är utvecklat av Lansen med målet att vara energisnål. Larmsystemets målgrupp är privatpersoner, företag och myndigheter. Nuvarande system installeras, konfigureras och styrs från en manöverpanel. Viss manövrering kan också ske med hjälp av mobiltelefon via GSM-nätet. Önskemål från Lansen Technology finns att flytta funktionalitet till en mobil enhet och att komma ifrån trafikkostnaden på GSM-nätet. Målgruppen för applikationen är i första hand användare som omgående kräver tillgång till information från larmsystemet. Projektet har i huvudsak bestått av två delar. Första delen av projektet bestod av att utreda de två olika trådlösa tekniker som var aktuella för projektet. Utvärderingen visade att Bluetooth var det bästa valet med de krav larmsystemet ställde på uppkopplingen. Bluetooth integrerades därefter i nuvarande larmsystem. Den andra delen bestod av att utveckla en mjukvara  för att kunna manövrera larmsystemet från en handdator med Windows Mobile. Applikationen utvecklades framgångsrikt och kan utföra majoriteten av de funktioner som specificerats inför projektet. Idén med att fjärrstyra larmsystemet från en mobil enhet har resulterat i ett lyckosamt projekt. Lansen Technology utvecklar och säljer larmsystem. Kommunikationen mellan systemets enheter sker trådlöst. Det trådlösa radioprotokoll som används är utvecklat av Lansen med målet att vara energisnål. Larmsystemets målgrupp är privatpersoner, företag och myndigheter. Nuvarande system installeras, konfigureras och styrs från en manöverpanel. Viss manövrering kan också ske med hjälp av mobiltelefon via GSM-nätet. Önskemål från Lansen Technology finns att flytta funktionalitet till en mobil enhet och att komma ifrån trafikkostnaden på GSM-nätet. Målgruppen för applikationen är i första hand användare som omgående kräver tillgång till information från larmsystemet. Projektet har i huvudsak bestått av två delar. Första delen av projektet bestod av att utreda de två olika trådlösa tekniker som var aktuella för projektet. Utvärderingen visade att Bluetooth var det bästa valet med de krav larmsystemet ställde på uppkopplingen. Bluetooth integrerades därefter i nuvarande larmsystem. Den andra delen bestod av att utveckla en mjukvara  för att kunna manövrera larmsystemet från en handdator med Windows Mobile. Applikationen utvecklades framgångsrikt och kan utföra majoriteten av de funktioner som specificerats inför projektet. Idén med att fjärrstyra larmsystemet från en mobil enhet har resulterat i ett lyckosamt projekt.

Det har gjorts mycket forskning kring Positioneringssystem för inomhusbruk då många applikationer och tjänster ärberoende eller kan förbättras av det. Trots detta finns idag ingen standard för hur positionering inomhus ska fungera.För de flesta utomhusmiljöer kan en modern mobiltelefons position erhållas med ett par meters precision via GPS. I eninomhusmiljö sjunker signalen drastiskt och en precis position är svår att uppskatta. En väl etablerad teknik är Wi-Fioch kan med fördel användas då de flesta inomhusmiljöer idag redan har Wi-Fi accesspunkter installerade. Då enmottagare erhåller en signal från en accesspunkt kan distansen dem emellan uppskattas för att sedan uppskattapositionen med den matematiska tillämpningen trilateration. Då de flesta idag äger en mobiltelefon kan mobilen ageramottagare och tekniken kan således vara tillgänglig för alla.Bidraget med examensarbetet är en undersökning av den effekt virtuella accesspunkter har på ett positioneringssystemdär en trilaterationsbaserad lösning använts på Wi-Fi-signaler över både 2.4Ghz samt 5Ghz bandet i kombination med ett partikelfilter. Vidare kommer en karta nyttjas i ett försök att öka precisionen genom att skapa restriktioner för hurpositioneringen får röra sig. Resultatet visade att nyttjandet av virtuella accesspunkter ökade precisionen med drygt 10 procent och den valda kartlösningen med nästan 20 procent. / A lot of research has been made regarding indoor positioning since many applications and services are dependent or canbe improved by it. Despite this, no standard has been set for indoor positioning system concerning the best approach. Inoutdoor environments most modern smart phones can be used to estimate their position using the GPS. Indoors this isnot the case since the received signal strength is decreased drastically. A well-established technique is however Wi-Fiwhich promotes the use of it. When a receiver acquires a signal from a Wi-Fi access point the distance between them canbe estimated. Three or more known distances enables the receiver to calculate its position using a mathematicalapproach called trilateration. With the smart phone acting as the receiver, the approach is enabled for everyone.The contribution of this thesis is an investigation of the effect of using virtual access points. This will be tested in atrilateration based positioning system using both the 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz frequency band in combination with a particlefilter. In an attempt to increase the precision a map will be added into the algorithm with the intention of restricting usermovements. The attained result shows that the use of virtual access points decreased the position estimation error by approximately 10 percent, and the implemented map solution by merely 20 percent.

At least 30 million men are infertile around the world, identifying male factor infertility as a global health issue. In the past 70 years, evidence of a significant general decline in sperm quality has been reported, prompting concerns about the implications for reproductive health. Over the same period, there have been substantial changes in human lifestyles. New technologies, such as mobile phones and wi-fi, have been proposed to have a negative impact on a range of health outcomes, from an increased risk of cancer to a decrease in fertility. However, these links remain controversial. Over the last 30 years, the introduction of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has offered infertile patients, particularly men with severe male factor infertility, a successful treatment option. However, miscarriage rates associated with fertility treatment can be as high as 30% and how this risk had changed over time was unclear. In addition, there are natural fluctuations in human health, including seasonal changes to birth rates. However, the clinical implications of these fluctuations need to be established. In this thesis, using an integrated approach that combined epidemiological research with laboratory investigations, I show that sperm quality is negatively affected by exposure to RF-EMR from mobile phones and wi-fi. I also identified a seasonal summer increase in sperm motility and morphology that followed patterns of seasonality in birth rates and in the success of assisted conception cycles. I showed that although the number of successful conceptions from ART has increased over time, there has been an equal increase in miscarriage rates. Male reproductive health continues to be under-researched when compared with the female, this inequality needs to be addressed in order to understand the causes of the decline in male fertility and the relationship this has with subsequent reproductive success.

No description available.

Positioning in environments where GPS is absent is a field currently under intensive research.Systems are currently being researched or designed for indoor use, often relying on ultra-wideband radio, ultrasound, fingerprinting or Wi-Fi.For underground mining, the problem is magnified, as installation of new equipment is expensive.Mobilaris Mining and Civil Engineering AB supplies a service, Mobilaris Mining Intelligence, using existing Wi-Fi infrastructure present in many mines for communication, and has developed two Wi-Fi-based positioning methods and one hybrid system, using dead reckoning and gyroscope.The first positioning method, Positioning Method 1, positions resources at the location of the strongest access point.The other positioning method, Positioning Method 4, uses signal strength values to construct an area where the tag is likely to be, similar to a Venn diagram. This thesis proposes a Quality of Positioning system to dynamically and select the best of all available positioning systems for every object to be positioned.This should be trained automatically by ``light vehicles'', such as service pickup trucks, equipped with the hybrid positioning system acting as reference values.Testing was done at the Kristineberg Mine in Västerbotten, Sweden, using a pickup truck equipped with the hybrid positioning system and Wi-Fi personnel positioning tags.It was found that the difference between the two positioning methods was not statistically significant, and that the hybrid positioning system was insufficiently accurate to act as a reference value. This thesis further revealed that the architecture of Mobilaris Mining Intelligence makes implementing a dynamic system impractical.Although planned for, the dynamic Quality of Positioning system was not implemented due to being deemed too impractical, complex and time-consuming compared to the benefit it would have provided.A high-level description of such an implementation is however presented, should it be motivated by future studies.

No description available.

During the last century, the significant increase in electricity demand, and its consequences, has appeared as a serious concern for the utility companies, but no essential change has been applied to the conventional power grid infrastructure till now. Recently, researchers have identified efficient control and power distribution mechanisms as the immediate challenges for conventional power grids. Hence, the next step for conventional power grid toward Smart Grid is to provide energy efficiency management along with higher reliability via smart services, in which the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is inevitable. ICT introduces powerful tools to comply with the smart grid requirements. Among various ICT properties, the telecommunication network plays a key role for providing a secure infrastructure. The two-way digital communication system provides an interaction between energy suppliers and consumers for managing, controlling and optimizing energy distribution. We can also define the smart grid as a two-way flow of energy and control information, where the electricity consumers can generate energy using green energy resources. The main objective of this thesis is to select an effective communication infrastructure to support the smart grid services by considering wireless and optical communication technologies. Fiber-wireless (FiWi) networks are considered as a potential solution to provide a fast and reliable network backbone with the optical access network integration and the flexibility and mobility of the wireless network. Therefore, we adopt the integration of the wireless sensor network (WSN) to Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) as a broadband access network to transmit smart meter data along with the Fiber To The Home/Building/Curb (FTTX) traffic through the shared fiber. Finally, we present and analyze the simulation results for the aforementioned infrastructure based on our adopted priority-based FTTX-WSN integration model.

Rising infection rates in healthcare is a global issue that causes complications for the patient, extended hospital stay, financial difficulties, and even death. One of the crucial factors that reduce those infections is better hand hygiene. Due to the lack of automated systems that can help monitoring hand hygiene compliance and reporting on collected data, some hospitals use direct observations, surveys, dispensers usage measurements and other such methods to monitor the compliance of care providers. This thesis proposes an alternative system that takes advantage of emerging off-the-shelf infrastructures in hospitals, and in particular of Real-Time Location Systems (RTLS) and intelligent hand sanitizer dispensers. Our RTLS-based system improves upon the current methods by enabling interactions with care providers through notifications when they do not execute expected hand hygiene actions during care processes, even for fine-grained location situations and by introducing the concept of intelligent dispensers. RHMNS (RTLS-based Hand Hygiene Monitoring and Notification System) has two approaches (time-based and activation-based) that are sharing the same structure but they are different in their way of deciding on taken or missed hand hygiene opportunities. RHMNS also provides informative reports about hand hygiene compliance and trends.

This thesis has been prepared in the paper based format and includes a systematic review, a novel empirical piece of research and a critical reflection. The thesis focuses on the implementation of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence’s (NICE) guidance recommendations for the psychological interventions for those people suffering from schizophrenia. Papers 1 and 2 have been prepared for submission in ‘Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice’ and the ‘Journal of Mental Health’ respectively. Paper 1 includes a systematic literature search and narrative synthesis exploring if the recommendations for psychological interventions for schizophrenia were being met. Rates of implementation for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Family Intervention (FI) were compared. The barriers against implementation and the strategies aimed at improving implementation were reviewed. Rates of implementation varied from 4% to 100% for CBT and 0% to 53% for FI. Previously reported barriers to implementation were found, with organisational barriers being most common. Implementation strategies discovered included training packages for CBT and FI. Rates of implementation are below recommended levels suggesting inequalities in the provision of psychological interventions for schizophrenia are present. Strategies to improve implementation that are comprehensive and supported from all levels of the NHS are considered to be most effective. Paper 2 reports a quantitative piece of research exploring if behaviourally specific and plain English language guidance can improve healthcare professional intentions to perform actions in line with recommendations for schizophrenia. An independent measure, single blind, randomised controlled design was used to disseminate guidance in two formats; the ‘original’ and ‘alternative’. Self-report measures revealed no significant results when comparing the original guidance to the alternative for the cognitive determinants of behaviour, actual behaviour change, or comprehension and satisfaction with the guidance. Behaviourally specific and plain English language does not affect intentions or behaviour to implement recommended guidance for the provision of psychological interventions for schizophrenia. A more multi-factorial approach including organisational culture may be required. Paper 3 is a critical reflection of the submitted papers and research process as a whole. Strengths and limitations of the included studies, the findings in the context of wider research, implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.

While GPS long has been an industry standard for localization of an entity or person anywhere in the world, it loses much of its accuracy and value when used indoors. To enable services such as indoor navigation, other methods must be used. A new standard of the Wi-Fi protocol, IEEE 802.11mc (Wi-Fi RTT), enables distance estimation between the transmitter and the receiver based on the Round-Trip Time (RTT) delay of the signal. Using these distance estimations and the known locations of the transmitting Access Points (APs), an estimation of the receiver’s location can be determined. In this thesis, a smartphone Wi-Fi RTT based Indoor Positioning System (IPS) is presented using an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). The UKF using only RTT based distance estimations as input, is established as a baseline implementation. Two extensions are then presented to improve the positioning performance; 1) a dead reckoning algorithm using smartphone sensors part of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) as an additional input to the UKF, and 2) a method to detect and adjust distance measurements that have been made in Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) conditions. The implemented IPS is evaluated in an office environment in both favorable situations (plenty of Line-of-Sight conditions) and sub-optimal situations (dominant NLoS conditions). Using both extensions, meter level accuracy is achieved in both cases as well as a 90th percentile error of less than 2 meters.