Ενδιαφέρον παρουσιάζει η αυξημένη ανάγκη για εφαρμογές εσωτερικού χώρου οι οποίες να είναι σε θέση να χρησιμοποιούν την ασύρματη τεχνολογία για να εντοπίσουν την θέση των χρηστών με σκοπό την εκμετάλλευση της πληροφορίας της θέσης τους για την αποστολή διαφόρων πληροφοριών ενδιαφέροντος. Στην εργασία αυτή προτείνεται ένα σύστημα εντοπισμού θέσης του οποίου η εξαγόμενη πληροφορία χρησιμοποιείται σε m-commerce εφαρμογές (mobile commerce) μέσω τεχνικών εξόρυξης γνώσης (data mining). Το σύστημα το οποίο προτείνεται αποτελείται από δύο κεντρικά υποσυστήματα. Το πρώτο υποσύστημα αποτελεί ένα σύστημα εντοπισμού θέσης μέσα σε ένα Wi-Fi δίκτυο. Το δεύτερο υποσύστημα περιλαμβάνει την λογική για την εξόρυξη δεδομένων από το πληροφοριακό περιεχόμενο της θέσης των χρηστών ώστε να μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί στον εμπορικό τομέα. / The increased need for applications of indoor localization which use wireless technology in order to locate users’ position and exploiting this position information for extracting deeper knowledge has motivated this paper. In this work it is proposed a system of localization where the exported information is used in m-commerce applications (mobile commerce) via techniques of data mining. The system which is suggested is constituted of two central sub systems. The first sub system constitutes a system of localization in a Wi-Fi network. The second sub system includes the logic of the excavation of data from the informative content of users’ position so that it can be used in the commercial sector.

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The focus of this thesis is on the optimal design and evaluation of FI-PM machines to be used with a MG transmission drive-train for EV application. The machines presented are optimised using a gradient-based optimisation algorithm of the VisualDoc software together with FE software and Python scripts. Each machine is optimised for its own objective function. The focus is to reduce expensive rare earth material. High torque ripple issues of the optimised machines are solved by implementing a relatively new topology where the rotor poles/barriers are made asymmetric. The asymmetric rotor topology implemented is effective and can be used as an alternative for rotor stack skewing. PM demagnetisation and rotor deformation studies are conducted on the optimum designed machines to ensure that no PM demagnetisation on the surface of the PMs and critical rotor deformation occur. The FE performance results of the optimum designed machines are shown and discussed. One of the optimum designed FI-PM machines is manufactured and tested in the laboratory. The FE and measured results of the machine are compared and shows good correlation. The saliency performance of the optimum designed machines are evaluated as it determines its position sensorless control capability. It is shown that the saliency ratios increase linearly with load, making it favourable for position sensorless control. It is also shown that the asymmetric rotor topologies introduced a larger mutual inductance compared to their symmetric counterparts, thus higher cross-coupling is present in these rotors and therefore a higher saliency shift, which is undesirable. Two case studies are performed in order to improve saliency performance. The objective of the first case study is to improve the saliency shift by reducing the flux leakage paths in the rotor. The objective of the second case study is to optimise a FI-PM machine in order to improve the saliency ratio and -shift. The results of the two case studies are compared with the saliency performance of the other machines. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fokus van hierdie tesis is op die optimale ontwerp en evaluering van veld versterking permanente magneet masjiene vir veelvoudige-rat elektriese voertuig toepassings. Die masjiene teenwoordig is geoptimeer met behulp van ’n helling-gebaseerde optimering algoritme. Elke masjien is geoptimeer vir sy eie doel funksie. Die fokus is om duur seldsame permanent magneet materiaal te verminder. Hoë wringkrag-rimpeleffek van die optimale masjiene word opgelos deur die implementering van ’n relatief nuwe topologie waar die rotor pole/vloedbarrière asimmetries gemaak word. Die asimmetriese rotor topologie wat geimplementeer is, is effektief en kan dus as ’n alternatief vir die rotor stapel skeef metode gebruik word. Permanent magneet demagnetisering en rotor vervorming studies is ook uitgevoer op die optimum ontwerpte masjiene om te verseker dat geen demagnetisering plaasvind nie en ook geen kritiese rotor vervorming nie. Die eindige-element resultate van die optimum ontwerpte masjiene word getoon en bespreek. Een van die optimum ontwerpte veld versterking permanente magneet masjiene is vervaardig en getoets in die laboratorium . Die eindige-element en gemete resultate van die masjien word vergelyk en toon goeie korrelasie. Die speek prestasie van die optimum ontwerpte masjiene word geëvalueer aangesien dit die sensorlose posisie beheer vermoë bepaal. Daar word getoon dat die speek koëffisiënt verhoog lineêr met vrag wat dit gunstig maak vir posisie sensorlose beheer . Daar word ook gewys dat die asimmetriese rotor topologie ’n groter wedersydse induktansie het in vergelyking met hul simmetriese eweknieë, dus is daar hoër kruis-koppeling teenwoordig in die rotors en dus ’n ho¨er speek skuif, wat ongewens is. Twee gevallestudies om speek prestasie te verbeter is uitgevoer. Die doel van die eerste gevallestudie is om die speek skuif te verbeter deur die vermindering van die vloed lekkasie paaie in die rotor. Die doel van die tweede gevallestudie is om ’n veld versterking permanente magneet masjiene te optimeer ten einde die speek koëffisiënt en - skuif te verbeter. Die resultate van die twee gevallestudies word vergelyk met die speek prestasie van die ander masjiene.

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Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-04-02T12:36:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroMaiaDeSantana_DISSERT.pdf: 2069422 bytes, checksum: 1a983f5131609d3cf7fe3bd96b0ef27d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-04T13:34:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroMaiaDeSantana_DISSERT.pdf: 2069422 bytes, checksum: 1a983f5131609d3cf7fe3bd96b0ef27d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-04T13:34:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroMaiaDeSantana_DISSERT.pdf: 2069422 bytes, checksum: 1a983f5131609d3cf7fe3bd96b0ef27d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-07 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo sobre a aplica??o de redes LTE no espectro ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) e seu consequente impacto sobre tecnologias comumente coexistentes na mesma faixa de frequ?ncia. Inicialmente, ? realizada uma elucida??o te?rica sobre as regulamenta??es que envolvem o uso de espectro n?o-licenciado. Na sequ?ncia, s?o apresentadas as principais solu??es de coexist?ncia do LTE nesse meio, destacando-se o mecanismo recentemente padronizado pelo 3GPP, o LTE-LBT, e tecnologias espec?ficas de empresas pioneiras na ?rea, tais como a solu??o LTE-DC. Como elemento pr?tico complementar ? investiga??o te?rica inicial, s?o desenvolvidas an?lises de desempenho das respectivas solu??es utilizando o simulador ns-3. A novidade do trabalho ? materializada pela apresenta??o de uma proposta de solu??o para o mecanismo Carrier-Sensing Adaptive Transmission (CSAT). Essa solu??o, baseada em aprendizado de m?quina, visa melhorar o desempenho conjunto dos sistemas que coexistem na faixa ISM. Este trabalho tamb?m prop?e uma solu??o de coexist?ncia do LTE-DC consigo pr?prio a partir de uma abordagem utilizando teoria dos jogos. Essas solu??es s?o comparada com as solu??es cl?ssicas e o seus ganhos s?o evidenciado em cen?rios definidos por ?rg?os de padroniza??o mundial. / This work aims to perform a study about the application of LTE networks in ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) spectrum and its impact over technologies that communly coexist in the same frequency range. Initially, it?s made a theoretical elucidation about regulamentations involving the non licensed spectrum usage. In sequence, it?s presented the main LTE coexistence solutions in this field, highlighting the recent mechanism standardized by 3GPP, the LTE-LBT, and specific technologies of pioneering companies in this domain, like LTE-DC solution. As a practical element complementary to the initial theoretical investigation, it?s developed performance analyzes of the respective solutions using ns-3 simulator. The novelty of the work is materialized by the presentation of a solution proposal for the Carrier-Sensing Adaptive Transmission (CSAT). This solution, based on machine learning, aims to improve the joint performance of systems that coexist in the ISM band. This work also propose a solution for LTE-DC self-coexistence by a game theory approach. These solutions are compared to the classical ones and their gains are evidenced in scenarios defined by global standardization institutions.

Orientador: Eleri Cardozo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T19:00:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barboza_DanielHenrique_M.pdf: 1643461 bytes, checksum: 54208ec1e9074c404ed862b0134b81b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Os dispositivos de rede sem fio estão cada vez mais populares. Quase todos os dispositivos portáteis atuais possuem uma interface de rede sem fio e pontos de acesso estão acessíveis a baixo custo para uso corporativo e doméstico. No entanto, este aumento no uso de redes sem fio gera novos desafios. O mais crítico deles é com relação à segurança no acesso à rede sem fio. A natureza da comunicação sem fio dificulta a confidencialidade da informação que viaja livremente em forma de ondas eletromagnéticas. Deste modo, as redes sem fio apresentam novas brechas de segurança que não existem em redes cabeadas. Outro desafio em redes sem fio é preservar as conexões da rede de transporte durante o handover. Handover é o processo pelo qual um dispositivo móvel substitui seu ponto de acesso atual por um outro que possui melhor relação sinal-ruído. Durante o handover, as conexões da rede de transporte mantidas pelo dispositivo móvel são comprometidas. Isto ocorre devido aos procedimentos de desassociação e re-associação entre os pontos de acesso e a atualização dos parâmetros de camada três do nó móvel para sua nova localização. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto da segurança no overhead de handover e propor mecanismos pelos quais as camadas superiores sejam notificadas quando um handover ocorrer. / Abstract: Wireless devices are becoming more popular. Almost any portable device nowadays has a wireless network interface and wireless access points are available at low cost for commercial or domestic use. However, the widespread of wireless networks is creating new challenges. The most critical challenge is related to the security in the access of wireless networks. The nature of wireless communications makes harder to guarantee privacy as data travels freely in electromagnetic waves. As such, wireless networks present many security breaches not found in cabled networks. Another challenge in wireless networks is to preserve the transport connections during handover. Handover is the process by which a mobile device replaces its current access point by a new one that presents a better signal to noise ratio. During handover the transport connections kept by the mobile device are compromised due to the procedures of disassociation and re-association among the access points and the updating of the mobile node's layer three parameters for its new location. This work has the objective of evaluating the impact of security in the handover overheads and to propose mechanisms by which the upper layers are notified when a handover occurs. / Mestrado / Engenharia de Computação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

The color gamut, i.e. the range of reproducible colors, is in most conventional display systems not sufficient for accurate color reproduction of highly saturated colors. Any conventional three-primary display suffers from a color gamut limited within the triangle spanned by the primary colors. Even by using purer primaries, enlarging the triangle, there will still be a problem to cover all the perceivable colors. By using a system with more than three primary colors, in printing denoted Hi-Fi color, the gamut will be expanded into a polygon, yielding a larger gamut and better color reproduction. Digital Light Processing (DLP) is a projection technology developed by Texas Instrument. It uses a chip with an array of thousands of individually controllable micromirrors, each representing a single pixel in the projected image. A lamp illuminates the micromirrors, and by controlling the amount of time each mirror reflect the light, using pulse width modulation, the projected image is created. Color reproduction is achieved by letting the light pass through color filters, corresponding to the three primaries, mounted in a filter wheel. In this diploma work, the DLP projector InFocus® LP™350 has been evaluated, using the Photo Research® PR®-705 Spectroradiometer. The colorimetric performance of the projector is found to be surprisingly poor, with a color gamut noticeably smaller then that of a CRT monitor using standardized phosphors. This is due to the broad banded filters used, yielding increased brightness at the expense of the pureness of the primaries. With the intention of evaluating the potential for the DLP technology in multi- primary systems, color filters are selected for additional primary colors. The filters are selected from a set of commercially available filters, the Kodak Wratten filters for science and technology. Used as performance criteria for filter selection is the volume of the gamut in the CIE 1976 (L*u*v*) uniform color space. The selected filters are measured and evaluated in combination with the projector, verifying the theoretical results from the filter selection process. Colorimetric performance of the system is greatly improved, yielding an expansion of the color gamut in CIE 1976 (L*u*v*) color space by 79%, relative the original three-primary system. These results indicate the potential for DLP in multiprimary display systems, with the capacity to greatly expand the color gamut, by using carefully selected filters for additional primary colors.

This thesis is a feasibility study of contemporary indoor positioning approaches in an hospital environment using sensor available on Android phones together with Wi-Fi fingerprintingand map information. The purpose is to determine the resolution of pedestrian indoor positioning and whether it is sufficient for room level accuracy. Accurate and robust positioning for outdoor applications based on mobile networks and satellite systems, such as the Global Positioning Service (GPS), has been around for many years. However these systems are not suitable for positioning inside buildings due to a high level of signal degradation. Through the years various pedestrian indoor positioning methods have been proposed.A simple algorithm for suppressing random movement of the mobile phone is tested. Two versions of the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) are compared for fusing the Inertial Navigation System (INS) measurements during Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR). The TRIAD algorithm is tested for suppressing the effects of large magnetic disturbances. Wi-Fi fingerprinting using two combinations of positioning algorithms and radio maps is tested. The EKF is tested for fusing PDR and Wi-Fi fingerprint position estimations. The Particle Filter (PF) is tested for combining PDR with Wi-Fi fingerprint positioning with a geometrical map. Static Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) measurements are carried out to detect variable Wi-Fi transmission power. The results show that adding more informations sources improves the positioning performance. Also fusion using PF outperforms the EKF in more complex indoor environments and movement patterns. / En starkt växande tillgång och kapacitet hos trådlösa nätverk i kombination med explosionen inom mobiltelefoni, i synnerhet vad gäller smartphones, har lett till ett enormt ökat intresse för och utveckling inom området inomhuspositionering. Det har under många år funnits lösningar för positionering i utomhusmiljöer, exempelvis GPS och triangulering med mobila basstationer, men inga av dessa system lämpar sig för inomhuspositionering eftersom signalerna tappar alldeles för mycket i intensitet när användaren befinner sig inomhus. Under årens lopp har flera olika lösningar för inomhuspositionering föreslagits. I denna uppsats testas olika lösningar för inomhuspositionering med smartphones i en sjukhusmiljö. Testen baserar sig på de sensorer som finns i en smartphone med operativsystemet Android i kombination med Wi-Fi triangulering och en digital planlösning över testområdet. Syftet är att undersöka om noggrannheten kan bli såpass så bra att en upplösning på rumsnivå uppnås. En enkel algoritm för att kompensera för slumpartade och oplanerade rörelser hos mobiltelefonen testas.  Två versioner av det utökade Kalmanfiltret testas för tröghetsnavigering. TRIAD algoritmen testas för att motverka magnetiska störningar. Två kombinationer av radiokartor och positioneringsalgoritmer provas för att genomföra Wi-Fi positionering. Ett utökat Kalmanfilter används för att kombinera resultaten av tröghetsnavigeringen med Wi-Fi positioneringen. Ett partikelfilter används för att utföra sensorfusionen av tröghetsnavigeringen, Wi-Fi positioneringen och den digitala planlösningen. Resultaten visar att ju mer information som tillförs under positioneringen desto större blir noggrannheten samt att partikelfiltret ger en bättre noggrannhet i en komplex inomhusmiljö i kombination med komplicerade rörelsemönster än det utökade Kalmanfiltret.

Hypertext markup language 5 (HTML5), a new standard for HTML, enriched with additional features is expected to override all the basic underlying overhead needed by other applications. By the advent of new extension, HTML5, the web’s basic language is transplanted from a simple page layout into rich web application development language. Furthermore, with the release of HTML5, traditional browsing is expected to change and modify accordingly and on the other hand the potential users will have an alternative rather than sticking in platform and OS dependent native applications. This thesis deals with the readiness assessment of HTML5 with regard to different smart phones- Android and Windows. In order to visualize the fact, we analyzed different constraints like DNS lookup time, page loading time, memory and CPU consumption associated with two applications-Flash and HTML5 running right through the smart phones. Furthermore, the comparative analysis is performed in different network scenarios- Wi-Fi and 3G and user experience is estimated based on network parameters. From the experiments and observations taken, we found that android phones provide better support for HTML5 web applications than windows mobile devices. Also, the HTML5 applications loading time is limited by the browser rendering time rather that the content loading time from the network and is also dependent on hardware configuration of device used.

Autorizado por el autor, pero con restricción para ser publicada a texto completo hasta el año 2015 / En el marco de la masificación de las comunicaciones inalámbricas y de la convergencia de los servicios al formato IP, las redes inalámbricas 802.11 han tenido un crecimiento explosivo en los últimos años, estando presentes en todo tipo de organizaciones. Estas redes son hoy sistemas complejos capaces de tener varias decenas o cientos de APs, los cuales son controlados desde dispositivos centralizados que permiten a los administradores configurar el hardware y los recursos de radio, pudiendo realizar tareas avanzadas de optimización y monitoreo de la red. La movilidad que permiten estas redes, por su naturaleza inalámbrica y la migración de aplicaciones al formato IP hace que sean capaces de incorporar nuevos servicios, como por ejemplo la telefonía IP para ser usada dentro de la empresa. En otro contexto de servicios que agregan valor a la red inalámbrica se encuentra la posibilidad de utilizar ésta para identificar y localizar activos de la empresa, para lo cual la solución más popular es utilizar tags RFID del tipo activo, cuya característica principal es ser compatibles con el protocolo 802.11, lo que les permite comunicarse vía Wi-Fi. Estos sistemas usan la medida de intensidad de señal propia de este protocolo para, haciendo uso de modelos de propagación de ondas, calcular la posición del tag por trilateración o diferencia de tiempos de llegada. Para efectos de este trabajo de título se realizó la recopilación de antecedentes sobre la tecnología RFID que hace de soporte a este sistema, así como de los sistemas de localización en general, y en particular de las soluciones ofrecidas por los fabricantes Cisco y AeroScout, para así entregar una arquitectura de red básica que permite entregar un servicio de identificación y localización de activos. También forman parte del trabajo la implementación técnica de dicha arquitectura en un laboratorio, y finalmente un análisis de los servicios que puede proveer la red, así como los costos y beneficios económicos involucrados y un análisis de rentabilidad del proyecto en una posible aplicación a clientes. Los procedimientos y configuraciones de diseño se encuentran descritos en detalle tanto en el informe final de trabajo de título como en documentación para la empresa donde se realizó el proyecto. La interfaz de usuario del proyecto es una aplicación web generada que permite una vez comunicada con el resto de la arquitectura entregar un servicio de inventario de activos, haciendo las veces de demostración del funcionamiento del sistema. Además para este desarrollo se creó una librería en PHP a modo de interfaz con uno de los equipos de la arquitectura, lo cual permite utilizar información de localización en aplicaciones web desarrolladas a pedido del potencial cliente. Los resultados del trabajo son un diseño de red capaz de identificar y localizar tags RFID activos y clientes Wi-Fi comunes, una herramienta de pre-venta que permite calcular la rentabilidad de una instalación de este tipo para distintos clientes, y la documentación técnica asociada a la implementación. El proyecto resultó ser rentable para los servicios de localización e inventario a pesar de estar caracterizado por una inversión fuerte, siendo uno de los principales beneficios de éste el ahorro en recursos humanos producto de la facilidad de localización.

Mobile telecommunications belong to one of the fields which still evolves and it is expected that in the future they are going to offer great benefit to the whole world. This work focuses on current and future development of mobile Internet connection in the Czech Republic. At first the technologies used to provide mobile Internet connection are described and compared and then the situation (in terms of technologies and mobile operators) in the Czech market is outlined and its possible evolution in the near future is presented. Furthermore, the tarifs of mobile operators are compared with those in place two years ago. The strengths and weaknesses of the current mobile Internet connection are evaluated based on the conducted questionnaire survey. The latest results are then analyzed and compared with the results from a previous survey conducted in 2007 as part of a bachelor's thesis, which has been further extended in this mater's thesis.