An in depth commentary on the named book ('Criminal Procedural Limits and Obstacles in Crime Fighting and Prevention').

Earlier research has claimed that the British officer corps did not go through professionalization until the emergence of institutionalized education for military officers in the 19th century. This study argues that British officers in service of the East India Company in India showed signs of professionalization before 1800, contrary to earlier claims. The theoretical framework is composed in many respects by opposite roles of the officer, representing the pre-paradigm ideal of “the fighting man” and the post-paradigm role of the professional and bureaucrat. By processing letters, official documents and accounts on armed conflicts in India using digital methods, verbs performed by military officers have been extracted, categorized and analysed to find patterns in their actions. From these patterns conclusions have been drawn about the different roles of the officer, and how they relate to officers as fighting men as well as professionals. The results show that officers had roles regarding movement, employment, subordination, independence, non-military roles regarding military law and diplomacy, being gentlemen, advancement, skill and showed significant indications of the a priori roles of fighting men, bureaucrats and professionals.

As the mobile games market keeps growing, game interfaces for mobile games also warrant further development. One area that especially has room for improvement is the touchscreen joystick. This dissertation focuses on the differences in usability for different touchscreen joysticks. A mobile fighting game prototype was developed for this purpose, and a user study was conducted in order to evaluate the difference in usability between two joysticks. Data was gathered and demonstrated, and an analysis of the logged data was conducted, showing no significant difference between the two joysticks. The authors hope that the comparison methodology and measurements demonstrated may be used as a benchmark and framework for future research in mobile joysticks.

I uppsatsen studeras möjligheten för chefer på lägre taktisk nivå i armén, att i fred öka förutsättningarna för att optimera arméns militära förmåga i krig. Syftet är att påvisa hur organisationskultur påverkar ledarskap och därmed har en påverkan på arméns stridspotential. Uppsatsen tar utgångspunkt i begreppet fighting power, varvid en av dess ingående faktorer, ledarskap, studeras i relation till organisationskultur. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer inhämtas empiri, vilken dels jämförs mot empiri ur Försvarsmaktens styrande dokument, dels analyseras ur ett organisationskulturellt perspektiv. Genom uppsatsen påvisas att organisationskultur påverkar ledarskap, vilket i sin tur påverkar stridspotentialen. Resultatet visar att grundläggande antaganden som råder i organisationen är: (i) Ledarskap bygger på ömsesidigt förtroende, (ii) Lojalitet mot uppgiften eftersträvas, (iii) Tid ses ur ett monokront perspektiv, (iv) Vikten av ansvarstagande och (v) Individer drivs av utveckling, vilket leder till karriärfokus. Dessa grundläggande antaganden påverkar ledarskapet i organisationen genom att chefer med sitt ledarskap visar vad som är viktigt, vad som i organisationen prioriteras och premieras. Ur uppsatsen dras slutsatsen att chefer kan bidra till att optimera arméns stridspotential genom kunskap om rådande organisationskultur. Med denna kunskap kommer möjligheten att göra medvetna val i ledarskapet. Att premiera beteenden som främjar utveckling av stridspotential kan innebära att val måste göras, som inte korrelerar med organisationens kultur.

A relatively unexplored source of pollution is fire stations and their usage of aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) containing per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS). It is well documented that these were used at fire drill sites that contaminated surrounding surface water, sediments and groundwater. The aim of this study was to assess whether fire stations could be a source of pollution and spread of PFAS and if the industry should be given priority for further investigations. Four fire stations were selected for the assessment, which were carried out by using part one of the Method of Surveying Contaminated Sites (Acronym in Swedish: MIFO). This included studies of maps, archives and field visits where fire fighters were interviewed to gather information about activities that had taken place historically on the specific sites. All of the fire stations were classified as level 2, meaning they pose a high risk for the enviroment and human health accordning to MIFO. In conjunction to the assessment, existing testing results of PFAS in soil and water from other fire stations in Sweden are submitted in purpose of showing the general situation of pollution linked with the results of this evaluation. The conclusion of this study was that various activities at fire stations possibly have polluted ground -and surface waters and that the industry should be given priority for further investigations.

Social movements have increased as a way of supporting groups in their protests. This study addressed what factors led to the mobilization of the Green March movement in its fight against political corruption and impunity in the Dominican Republic. The purpose of this case study was to explore the Green March movement's actions by using Meyer's conceptualization of political opportunity theory. The research questions addressed what factors led to the mobilization of the Green March movement and what strategies and tactics were used. The research design was a qualitative, instrumental case study and data were collected through interviews with 12 members of the Green March movement. These data were transcribed, inductively coded, and then subjected to Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis procedure. Findings of the study supported the undergoing political opportunities by the Green March movement within the political structure of the Dominican government. There were 3 key themes that emerged from this study indicating the conditions for mobilizations to happen such as tolerance by the government, powerful methods to communicate grievances and concerns, and the lack of a repressive governmental system. Finally, the findings help explain political openness and the curvilinear relationship between political corruption and mobilizations of the Green March movement. If political reforms are achieved because of the movement, the country's political system may transform from treating politics as a business to treating politics as a social service to promote the common good. Therefore, this study's findings can lead to positive social change by providing more information on the Green March movement and what makes it successful for the Dominican people.

In conducting this research, I wanted to explore whether political incentives have a significant effect on wildfire management in the United States. I attempt to answer this question by proving a theoretical justification for why wildfires may become more expensive to fight and severe to manage because of political institutions. I then attempt to provide some hard evidence to support this theory by using regression analysis. My analysis suggests that political factors do matter for wildfire suppression funding, although I was unable to find strong enough evidence to suggest that these political factors are actually driving more severe wildfires. This research contributes to the literature on public choice theory, a branch of political economy that looks at government from the individual decision makers’ level. Additionally, this research contributes to the literature on what affects wildfire suppression effectiveness and funding. This research may contribute to future analyses of the institutions that make U.S. wildland firefighters more or less capable of effectively managing wildfires to protect human lives, property, and forests.

This paper’s goal was to understand how the fighting game animations in the video game Guilty Gear -Strive- lent themselves to their characters appeal, by looking how the animations are built up to be a good quality for a more interesting character based on the character background. The paper aids to help designers find relevant information for the creation of animations for a greater player enjoyment of its characters in a fighting game. This was done by choosing three characters with different speed classes in terms of their design and official marketing for the video game, as well as three attacks that were analyzed by looking at its consisting frames divided into sixty frames per second. The paper finds relevant information and good practices to enhance the appeal of a fighting game character to better represent their characteristics. We find that bigger visual effects such as big explosions or shockwaves are good for stronger characters while the use of faster movements using methods of slow in and slow out and timing are good for making faster characters more appealing, anticipation of attacks are also important while the specific use of the anticipation frames can give different feelings even if they are equally long where acrobatic characters use it for building momentum and stronger characters use them to charge up by pulling their body back.

Through the lens of hegemonic masculinity in the contemporary game development industry, this paper will present the current state of the LGBTQ+ representation in major Japanese fighting games that were released from 2010 to 2021. By performing a quantitative data analysis of the characters from the games, where each character is coded for their gender and sexuality, the frequency of representation can be determined over the period of time and across games which can indicate the state of LGBTQ+ representation in these games.  Not much research has been conducted in the field of gender studies and representation when specifically focusing on fighting games. It is also a genre that has the reputation of not having good representation and inclusion in the games, but also within the community. It is a genre where the characters are front and center and play a primary part in the appeal of the game, so having good representation should be a requirement. Many players will want to be able to identify and connect with the characters they play but for many this is not a possibility due to the lack of diversity. The results show that there may be a slight increase in the representation over time, but the numbers are still surprisingly low. This shows us the importance of needing to bring more attention to this topic as it is a critical issue that is present within this game genre but also within the gaming industry as a whole.

The study of stage combat is designed to fabricate the illusion of physical combat without causing harm to the performers. Most research in this field does not take into account the characterization of the actor during the training of a fight scene. An actor primarily learns the stunt choreography of the scene and often times the subtleties of the character is often forgotten. Scenes that involve physical contact are an essential aspect of the dramatic action. My aim is to eventually devise a process that will consistently create fight scenes that maintain the integrity of the fight director‘s work as well as the mastery of the actor‘s character composition. I am aware this is an ambitious project therefore will I approach this endeavor in two stages. This document will cover the first stage of this project: the investigation of the current process of several professionals who have varying experiences with fight choreography. I will propose and explore the significance of a series of questions a director, actor and fight choreographer should answer before embarking upon a fight sequence successfully. Questions such as: How important is the stunt physiologically and psychologically on the character? Does gender play a role in a fight sequence? Do size, age, and race play a role on character choice in a sequence? Why did the character choose that weapon? Where did that character learn to fight and why in that style?