Finansiell rådgivning har blivit en allt viktigare del av värdepappersmarknaden och samhället i stort. Nya lagar och riktlinjer har kommit till för att skydda konsumenten och öka kompetenskraven hos rådgivarna. Trots detta har Finansinspektionen hittat och belyst ett flertal risker som konsumenten kan utsättas för och årligen inkommer ett stort antal anmälningar till Allmänna reklamationsnämnden från konsumenter som är missnöjda med den rådgivning de fått. Om antalet anmälningar som inkommit till ARN under åren 2008-2011 ställs i perspektiv till antalet rådgivningsmöten som hålls per år utgör denna siffra ca 0,02 % av antalet möten. Det är därför intressant titta på hur stort problemet kring misslyckad finansiell rådgivning egentligen är samt att undersöka hur bankerna säkerställer kvalitén på rådgivningen. Syfte: Studiens syfte består i att kartlägga och analysera de fall som skett avseende misslyckad finansiell rådgivning gentemot privatpersoner, samt att granska och analysera hur bankerna säkerställer kvalitén på den finansiella rådgivning de erbjuder. Genomförande: Genomförandet av studiens datainsamling har skett genom en kombination av intervjuer, granskning av dokument, empirisk forskning samt finansiell teori och rådande lagstiftning. För att besvara studiens syfte har en kvalitativ metod använts och studiens primära källor har inhämtats genom intervjuer med olika företag samt genom granskning av Allmänna reklamationsnämndens beslut mellan åren 2008-2011. Slutsats: Bankerna utgör en liten del av ARNs ärenden och majoriteten berör istället de mindre aktörerna, som till exempel försäkringsförmedlare och kapitalförsäkringsbolag. Bankernas kvalitetssäkring har både för och nackdelar och det är svårt att skapa en bra balans mellan att förebygga för mycket och för lite. Kartläggningen av problematiken kring misslyckad finansiell rådgivning visar att bankerna har vissa brister avseende finansiell rådgivning men att de gör ett bra jobb överlag och följer rådanade lagar och riktlinjer. Detta tyder på att misslyckad finansiell rådgivning är ett litet problem bland de svenska bankerna. / Financial advice has become an important part of the securities market and the social society. New laws and guidelines have been introduced to protect customers and to increase the skills required for financial advisers. Despite this the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority has found a number of risks to which the customer can be exposed for. Meanwhile The National Board of Consumer Disputes annually receives a numerous of complaints from customers who are dissatisfied with the financial advice they have received. If we put the complaints received by the board in perspective to the number of counseling meetings held every year we will see that this number represent approximately 0,02 % of the number of counseling meetings. Therefore, it’s interesting to look at how big the problem regarding unsuccessful financial advice actually is and to investigate how the banks ensure the quality of financial advice. Aim: Purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the cases that have occurred regarding unsuccessful financial advice and to examine and analyze how banks ensure the quality of the financial advice they offer. Completion: This study was completed through a combination of document reviews, empirical research and review of financial theory and current legislation. To answer the purpose of the study a qualitative method have been used and the empirical data were obtained through interviews with various institutions and banks and through examination of the decisions taken by the Board of Consumer Disputes during the years 2008-2011. Conclusion: The banks represent a small portion of the Board of Consumer Disputes cases during 2008-2011. The banks ways of quality assure their financial advice has both advantages and disadvantages and it’s difficult to find a balance between preventing too much and too little. The examination of unsuccessful financial advice shows that the banks have some shortcomings regarding financial advice but in general they are doing a good job and applies laws and guidelines. This shows that unsuccessful financial advice is a small problem among the Swedish banks.

This study will furnish the reader with general and specific investment advice as taken from questionnaires sent to a group of men who specialize in giving investment and financial advice -- financial analysts.

Buying a home is for many households the financially most important purchase they will make. The choice of mortgage instrument is also of importance in that it will determine a household’s financial exposure. In the aftermath of the 2007–2008 financial crisis in the United States, the potential consequences for borrowers and the financial system became apparent in many countries. Even though the choice of mortgage is described as a very complex transaction, international studies have found that borrowers are less than optimally knowledgeable about the possible future consequences of their choice. This lack of knowledge has raised concern and prompted calls for more research on differences between mortgage markets and factors affecting consumers’ mortgage choice. This thesis answers this call by empirically exploring the Swedish case and by offering an expanded knowledge about factors that influence borrowers’ mortgage choice. The thesis consists of five papers, and, in most cases, interviews and questionnaires were used to collect the data, depending on which type of data collection was considered best suited to serve the purpose of the individual paper. A close reading approach was also applied in one of the papers. The findings indicate that in a Swedish setting, there are factors affecting borrowers’ mortgage choice that have not previously been fully explored in the literature: the media and bank advisors. During the period studied, a negative correlation existed between the media and the choice of fixed rate mortgages, whereas a positive correlation existed between bank advisors and the choice of fixed rate mortgages. The study on advice given by a bank advisor also shows the advocacy of a mix of fixed and adjustable mortgage rates. Further findings corroborate those of earlier international studies, such as the impact of income, education, financial literacy and loan-to-value ratios on mortgage choice. A general conclusion that can be drawn from the findings in the Swedish context is that the most financially vulnerable borrowers—those with lower income, lower education and/or higher loan-to-value ratios—are more likely to choose higher levels of fixed rate mortgages (or lower levels of adjustable rate mortgages). In doing so, they avoid exposing themselves to liquidity problems, which can be caused by increasing mortgage rates, and make future mortgage expenditures more predictable. These findings contradict much of the concern that both scholars and financial authorities have expressed about households’ choice of mortgage instrument. Hence, these findings are of importance not only to research on mortgage choice but also to policymakers and the financial industry. / <p>QC 20130924</p>

This thesis analyzes the current status of the acquisition of human resources in the field of independent financial advice company Fincentrum, a. s. There are also analyzed the possibility of using Web 2.0 services supporting this activity on the basis of this analyses are given recommendations leading to more effective recruitment. This thesis focuses on the activities of managers. Describes the process of recruiting new employees from the first contact with candidates and period of the worker's adaptation.

Purpose: Retirement planning has been declining rapidly all over the world due to the shift of self-funding mechanisms, such as moving from a Defined Benefit (DB) plan to the Defined Contribution (DC) plan, where individuals are required to manage their own financial wealth. Due to this rapid shift, there has been an increase in demand for financial advisors to assist individuals with decision-making and explain complex financial concepts with the perception of guiding households to build their retirement wealth. The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between retirement planning and financial advice as a predictor for retirement adequacy to determine if the latter will have any influence in helping South Africans be financially independent when they retire. This study was compelled by the fact that no or limited prior studies have been conducted in the South African context on the relationship between financial advice and retirement planning. Design/methodology/approach: In order to investigate the relationship and influence of financial advice on retirement planning, a South African Social Attitudes Survey that was conducted in 2011 by the Human Sciences Research Council was used. The chi-square and the logistic regression statistical techniques were applied to test the study hypotheses using the data from the survey. The following hypotheses were included: H0: There is no relationship between retirement planning and financial advice. H1: There is a relationship between retirement planning and financial advice. H0: There is no relationship between socio-demographics and retirement planning. H2: There is a relationship between socio-demographics and retirement planning. H0: There is no relationship between socio-demographics and financial advice. H3: There is a relationship between socio-demographics and financial advice. Findings: The results indicate that there is a positive relationship between retirement planning and financial advice. The more individuals seek financial advice the more they tend to adequately plan for retirement. Practical implications: In view of the strong relationship between the two variables, employers, government and institutions should prioritize making financial advice an essential part of retirement planning for employees. / Mini Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Financial Management / MCom (Financial Management) / Unrestricted

Do investment portfolios meet the needs and preferences of investors? Can the portfolio selection process be improved? Traditionally, investor preferences have been identified using risk tolerance questionnaires. These questionnaires have recently attracted a fair deal of criticism. However, there has been little focus as to whether the questionnaires are useful in predicting investors' risk-taking behaviour. In this thesis, an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach was employed to find answers to the primary research question: what factors determine risk-taking behaviour in investment decisions? This thesis looked at the risk-taking behaviour of investors in Canada (N=192) and the risk-taking advice provided by financial advisers in Canada (N=155), collectively risk-taking decisions. The results suggested that return expectations and demographic variables were important predictors of risk-taking decisions, whereas risk tolerance questionnaires were not. Further investigation suggested that investment literacy impacted risk-taking decisions while investment experience impacted both return expectations and risk-taking decisions. In a novel contribution by this thesis, additional perspective was provided by qualitative analysis using semi-structured interviews with investors and advisers. From the results of the qualitative analysis, the author suggests that discovery and self-discovery, a consistent approach and a focus on process versus outcome are key attributes valued by both investors and advisers. The thesis concluded with implications and recommendations for stakeholders, including a greater focus on return expectations, more training in discovery for advisers, simulating investment experience for prospective investors and including investment literacy in school curricula.

Finansiell rådgivning är en tjänst som karaktäriseras av att det är en aktivitet som ett företag utför för att möta kundens behov. Interaktionen mellan den finansiella rådgivaren och kunden är därmed betydelsefull. Då en interaktion består av två parter är det även relevant att studera den finansiella rådgivarens perspektiv. Syftet med studien är att bidra med förståelse för de utmaningar som finansiella rådgivare upplever i det digitala rådgivningsmötet. För att kunna uppfylla syftet med studien har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod använts. Det empiriska materialet bestod av sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med finansiella rådgivare. Studiens resultat visar att de finansiella rådgivarna upplever att det digitala rådgivningsmötet fungerar relativt väl. Dock upplever de finansiella rådgivare som har intervjuats att det finns vissa utmaningar i det digitala rådgivningsmötet. Resultatet visar att det uppstår olika utmaningar i de olika faserna i rådgivningsprocessen. / Financial advice is a service that is characterized by the fact that it is an activity that a company performs to meet the customer's needs. The interaction between the financial advisor and the client is thus significant. As an interaction consists of two parties, it is also relevant to study the financial advisor's perspective. The purpose of the study is to contribute with an understanding of the challenges that financial advisors experience in the digital advisory meeting. In order to fulfill the purpose of the study, a qualitative research method has been used. The empirical material consisted of seven semi-structured interviews with financial advisors. The results of the study show that the financial advisors feel that the digital advisory meeting works relatively well. However, the financial advisers who have been interviewed experience that there are certain challenges in the digital advisory meeting. The results show that different challenges arise in the different phases of the counseling process.

Avsikten med denna studie har varit att studera det nya fenomenet börsinfluencers och deras samexistens med professionella licensierade rådgivare samt beskriva på vilket sätt betydelsen av den finansiella rådgivarrollen kan ha förändrats, något som inte har behandlats av tidigare forskning. Studiens genomförande utgår från det teoretiska ramverkets nyckelbegrepp Det klassiska ekonomiska finansparadigmet, beteendevetenskaplig finans, den rationella investeraren, den irrationella investeraren, egna fundamentala analyser, flockbeteende &amp; tillgänglighetsheuristik, professionella rådgivare, börsinfluencers och postmodernism som tillsammans bildar analysmodellen. Modellen visar på hur de två rådgivningstrenderna samexisterar och den är indelad i två delar, en “rationell” sida och en “irrationell” sida för att slutligen visa att existensen av båda sidorna tillåts i det postmoderna samhället. Denna studie hade ett postmodernistiskt synsätt vilket medförde att resultatet endast ska betraktas som en av flera versioner av den yttre verkligheten. För att på bästa möjliga sätt kunna uppfylla syftet och besvara frågeställningarna användes dels en innehållsanalys av en dokumentstudie och dels en tematisk analys av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer där kriteriet vid urval av respondenter var att ha ett intresse för aktiemarknaden samt följa minst en börsinfluencer på Instagram. Studien använde dessa två olika metoder för att både kunna beskriva börsinfluencers agerande på sociala plattformar samt för att kunna analysera deras följares uppfattningar och upplevelser av fenomenet. Studien visade att börsinfluencers fyller olika behov hos respondenterna, där vissa ser på fenomenet som en typ av rådgivare vars åsikter och indirekta råd värderas högt vid investeringsbeslut medan andra vänder sig till börsinfluencers för inspiration i sin investeringsprocess. De tidigare tydliga gränsdragningarna och definitionerna av vad en finansiell rådgivare är har luckrats upp och istället lämnat plats för börsinfluencers, fenomenet kan betraktas som produkten av individers pragmatiska behov av lättillgänglig finansiell rådgivning. Där resultatet är börsinfluencers, den hyperrealistiska rådgivaren. / The purpose of this study has been to examine the new phenomenon of stock market influencers and their coexistence with professionally licensed advisers and to describe in what way the significance of the financial adviser role may have changed, something that has not been addressed by previous research. The implementation of the study is based on the theoretical framework's key concepts The classic economic finance paradigm, behavioral finance, the rational investor, the irrational investor, own fundamental analyzes, herd behavior &amp; accessibility heuristics, professional advisors, stock market influencers and postmodernism that together form the analysis model. The model shows how the two advisory trends coexist and it is divided into two parts, one “rational” side and one “irrational” side, to finally show that the existence of both sides is allowed in the postmodern society. This study had a postmodernist approach, which meant that the result should only be considered as one of several versions of the external reality. In order to best fulfill the purpose and answer the questions, a content analysis of a document study and a thematic analysis of six semi-structured interviews were used, where the criterion when selecting respondents was to have an interest in the stock market and follow at least one stock market influencer on Instagram. The study used these two different methods to both be able to describe the actions of stock market influencers on social platforms and to be able to analyze their followers' perceptions and experiences of the phenomenon. The study showed that stock market influencers meet different needs of the respondents, where some see the phenomenon as a type of advisor whose opinions and indirect advice are highly valued in investment decisions while others use stock market influencers for inspiration in their investment process. The previously clear boundaries and definitions of what a financial adviser is have loosened up and instead left room for stock market influencers, the phenomenon can be considered as the product of individuals' pragmatic need for easily accessible financial advice. Where the result is stock market influencers, the hyperrealistic advisor.

The theme of my thesis is Assistance in financial management and use of financial counselling services at the asylum houses for mothers with children. The aim of this study is to determine whether it is possible to help mothers at asylum houses with financial management. Financial literacy and the skill to manage their money of these users is very low and it is later on transmitted to their children. Social workers at asylum houses try to help and to encourage their clients in various areas of their lives. Money is not the area every client allows you to intervene in. In my work I consider the views of particular participants on issues of financial management and through using various tools to cooperate with users to improve their financial management skills and at the end of my work I review how the cooperation worked out and succeeded.

En el presente trabajo se desarrollará la investigación para la validación del modelo de negocio de un aplicativo que ofrece herramientas y asesoramientos para incentivar el ahorro en las personas. La idea de negocio está orientada al segmento de clientes que ahorran, pero no saben administrarlo correctamente. Esta plataforma digital cuenta con diversas secciones de apoyo e información de cómo ahorrar su dinero e invertirlo en un futuro. Para la investigación del proyecto se realizaron experimentos que nos brindaron información sobre las necesidades y preferencias de los usuarios, asimismo se recolectaron datos reales que nos permitieron proyectar nuestras ventas y definir nuestros gastos. Dentro de estos experimentos se validaron cada parte del modelo de negocio planteado y la interacción entre el usuario y el prototipo del aplicativo a desarrollar. Con el objetivo de acercarnos más al segmento de los futuros clientes, además se desarrolló un plan de marketing para atraer al público objetivo a través de nuestras redes sociales y ello permitió generar las ventas de dicho aplicativo. Luego de ello, con los datos recopilados en los distintos experimentos y se elaboró un flujo de caja completo para nuestra idea de negocio proyectado a 3 años. Asimismo, se realizó el análisis y cálculo del financiamiento que el proyecto recibiría por parte del inversionista y de nosotros los fundadores. Finalmente, Fintegra demostró ser un proyecto innovador y de resultados positivos a un mediano plazo a pesar de la coyuntura. / In this work, research will be developed to validate the business model of an application that offers tools and advice to encourage savings in people. The business idea is aimed at the segment of customers who save, but do not know how to manage it correctly. This digital platform has various support and information sections on how to save your money and invest it in the future. For the research of the project, experiments were carried out that gave us information about the needs and preferences of the users, as well as real data that allowed us to project our sales and define our expenses. Within these experiments, each part of the proposed business model and the interaction between the user and the prototype of the application to be developed were validated. In order to get closer to the segment of future customers, a marketing plan was also developed to attract the target audience through our social media, and that allowed us start selling our project of mobile app. After that, with the data collected in the different experiments and a complete cash flow was elaborated for our business idea projected to 3 years. Likewise, the analysis and calculation of the financing that the project would receive from the investor and us the founders was carried out. Finally, Fintegra proved to be an innovative project with positive results in the medium term despite the situation. / Trabajo de investigación