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Entreprenörskap är förknippat med personliga och finansiella risker. Tidigare forskning har visat att entreprenörer är riskbenägna vilket, enligt kognitiva processer, förklaras av att det har ett positivt synsätt på risker. Entreprenörer kan uppleva problem med att finna externt kapital, något som benämns som det finansiella gapet. Crowdfunding är en finansieringsform som kan minska det finansiella gapet för företag som befinner sig i uppstartsfasen. I uppsatsen studeras sambandet mellan andelsbaserad crowdfunding och entreprenörskapsrisk. Entreprenörskapsrisk har i den här studien delats upp i finansiell risk och personlig risk. Studien använder ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt för att utveckla det teoretiska ramverk som finns för crowdfunding och entreprenörskapsrisk. Extensiva intervjuer genomfördes med sex entreprenörer som har använt sig av andelsbaserad crowdfunding vid ett, eller flera, tillfällen under uppstartsperioden och har startat upp i Sverige. Studiens resultat visar att andelsbaserad crowdfunding minskar den finansiella risken hos entreprenörer men att den personliga risken består. Dock går det att argumentera för utifrån studiens resultat att aspekten “rädsla för att misslyckas” som är en del av den personliga risken minskas indirekt i och med att den finansiella risken minskar.

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Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att identifiera vilka bootstrappingsmetoder som svenska småföretag tillämpar samt hur dessa tillämpas. Dessutom ämnar studien att kartlägga vilka av de identifierade bootstrappingskategorierna som anses vara mest effektiva på att tillfredsställa behovet av kapital. Teoretiskt perspektiv: Den teoretiska referensramen utgörs av teorier om det finansiella gapet samt asymmetrisk informationsfördelning. Vidare behandlas entreprenörens preferensordning av kapital i Pecking Order Theory samt teorier om finansiell bootstrapping och dess olika metoder. Metod: Studien utgår från ett positivistiskt inslag och besitter en iterativ forskningsansats. Undersökningen utgörs av en surveyundersökning med semistrukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod. Urvalet i denna studie består utav ägare av små företag som uppfyller EU kommissionens krav på ett litet företag. Primärdata i undersökningen genereras av intervjuer genomförda på dessa småföretag. Empiri: Empirin består av en presentation av den data som samlades in från de tio personliga intervjuerna genomförda på tio ägare från olika verksamheter. Slutsats: Studien visar att de sex mest tillämpade bootstrappingsmetoderna är inte tagit ut någon lön, delat utrustning med andra företag, använt eget konto för att finansiera verksamheten, samarbetat med andra företag, använt leasad utrustning samt förhandlat bästa villkor med leverantörer. Vidare har det visat sig att relationsorienterade- samt ägarfinansierade bootstrappingsmetoder anses vara mest effektiva på att minska verksamhetens kapitalbehov. / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify what financial bootstrapping methods small Swedish enterprises exercise and also how they exercise these methods. Furthermore, this study will seek to map which of the identified bootstrapping categories are the most effective at relieving the company’s need of capital.  Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework in this study compiles theories of The Financial Gap and asymmetrical information. Furthermore, it consists of theories about entrepreneurs and their preferences of capital in The Pecking Order Theory, as well as theories about Financial Bootstrapping and its different methods. Methodology: This thesis has a positivistic and an iterative approach. Furthermore,    this thesis consists of a survey research and applies semi-structured interviews as a method to generate data. The sample in this study consists of owners of small enterprises that meet the criteria for a small business according to the EU. The primary data used in this thesis has been generated through interviews with the selected business owners.  Result: The empirical findings in this thesis consist of a presentation of the data generated from the interviews with ten different business owners from various enterprises. Conclusion: The most frequently-used bootstrapping methods are: Withhold managers salary, share equipment with other businesses, use own credit cards to finance the enterprise, cooperate with other businesses, lease equipment and seek out best conditions with suppliers. Furthermore the findings in this thesis show that relationship-oriented and private owner-financed financial bootstrapping categories are the most effective at relieving the company’s need of capital.

Abstract Background: Small businesses are vital for the welfare of a country. Yet, they have trou-ble obtaining external financing and these difficulties are gathered under the umbrella concept the “Financial Gap”. The most common source of fund-ing for small businesses is bank loan, why the availability of bank financing is a critical factor for their success. Today, 31% of all Swedish companies argue that they have finance problems and for half of these, the problem is to obtain a bank loan. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe and explain the Financial Gap as a relational concept. That is to say that the study will contribute to the understanding of the Financial Gap by focusing on the perspectives of both small businesses and banks interactively. Method: The study views the concept of the Financial Gap from a practical stand-point, assuming that it expresses its existence in the interaction between small businesses and banks. To pursue this view, the study takes on an Eth-nomethodological research approach. This approach is necessary in order to come close to and understand small businesses‟ and banks‟ everyday prac-tises. In-depth interviews are used for obtaining this deeper understanding of both parties. In addition, a questionnaire was sent out to small businesses in order to verify the information gathered in the interviews. Conclusion: On the basis of the study, the authors have developed an Interactive Model which describes their understanding of the Financial Gap. The members of small businesses and banks deal with information differently, which in turn is a result of how they approach ambiguity. When ambiguity is present, small firms settle with making decisions under uncertainty, whereas banks prefer to calculate on probabilities, why their decisions are considered being made under risk. The differences mentioned become visible in their deci-sion-making process, where small businesses act pursuant to a practical rea-soning whereas banks employ an analytical reasoning. Consequently, it leads to a clash when these two shall interact and function in a transaction as partners. The study concludes that the Financial Gap can be explained by small firms and banks speaking different languages when presenting the same reality.

<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Small businesses are vital for the welfare of a country. Yet, they have trou-ble obtaining external financing and these difficulties are gathered under the umbrella concept the “Financial Gap”. The most common source of fund-ing for small businesses is bank loan, why the availability of bank financing is a critical factor for their success. Today, 31% of all Swedish companies argue that they have finance problems and for half of these, the problem is to obtain a bank loan.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong><em>The purpose of the study is to describe and explain the Financial Gap as a relational concept. That is to say that the study will contribute to the understanding of the Financial Gap by focusing on the perspectives of both small businesses and banks interactively. </em></p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study views the concept of the Financial Gap from a practical stand-point, assuming that it expresses its existence in the interaction between small businesses and banks. To pursue this view, the study takes on an Eth-nomethodological research approach. This approach is necessary in order to come close to and understand small businesses‟ and banks‟ everyday prac-tises. In-depth interviews are used for obtaining this deeper understanding of both parties. In addition, a questionnaire was sent out to small businesses in order to verify the information gathered in the interviews.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>On the basis of the study, the authors have developed an <em>Interactive Model </em>which describes their understanding of the Financial Gap. The members of small businesses and banks deal with information differently, which in turn is a result of how they approach ambiguity. When ambiguity is present, small firms settle with making decisions under uncertainty, whereas banks prefer to calculate on probabilities, why their decisions are considered being made under risk. The differences mentioned become visible in their deci-sion-making process, where small businesses act pursuant to a practical rea-soning whereas banks employ an analytical reasoning. Consequently, it leads to a clash when these two shall interact and function in a transaction as partners. The study concludes that the Financial Gap can be explained by small firms and banks speaking different languages when presenting the same reality.</p>