Bakgrund: Perioden innan den aktiva förlossningsfasens start benämns latensfas. Den är svårdefinierad eftersom den kan yttra sig på olika sätt och varierar i längd. Blivande föräldrar som anländer till förlossningsavdelning söker stöd och bekräftelse hos barnmorskan när de tror att förlossningen har startat men är oroliga för att bli hemskickade igen. Syftet: Att undersöka och belysa förstagångsföräldrars upplevelser av latensfas. Metod: Semistrukturerad intervjustudie, data bearbetades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Deltagare: Fem svensktalande förstagångsföräldrapar och en förstföderska som fått barn juni-augusti, år 2011. Resultat: Förlossningstarten upplevdes av blivande föräldrarna som en känslomässigt laddad period präglad av blandade känslor. Svårhanterbar smärta och behov av bekräftelse initierade deras sökande av stöd hosbarnmorskan. Lugnande besked och valmöjligheter upplevdes av paren som positivt oavsett om de fick återvända hem. Blivande fäderna upplevde att de hade svårt att känna sig delaktiga och stödja sin partner under latensfasen. Slutsats: Barnmorskans stödjande roll ansågs viktig för de blivande föräldrarna under latensfasen. Därför uttrycker de behov av individuellt anpassat stöd i föräldraskap. För blivande föräldrar är det viktigt att barnmorskan/vårdpersonalen tar dem på allvar, stödjer dem samt ser den blivande pappan som en likvärdig person vid deras barns födelse. / Background: The time period before the true labor phase begins is called latent phase. It is hard to define because it can manifest it self in different ways and vary in length. When soon parents-to-be arrives at the maternity ward and think their labour started, they look for support and acknowledgement from the midwife, but they worries to be sent back home again. Purpose: To research and expound the experiences from pre-labor of first-time parents. Method: Conduct semistructured interviews, process collected data using qualitative content analysis. Participants: Five Swedish speaking first-time parents and one first-time mother that have given birth June-August 2011. Results: These soon to be parents experienced the start of the delivery process as extra emotional period of time filled with mixed feelings. The one come of intense pain and the need of confirmation initiated their search for support from the midwife. Answers to their questions and possible choices were perceived as calming and positive even if they had to return home. The soon to be fathers had difficulty in feeling that they had an active role during the latent phase period and thus found it difficult to express support for their spouses. Conclusion: The midwife’s supporting role is considered important by the parents-to-be during the latent phase. They express a need for custom planned training for prenatal parenting. Soon to be parents its`important that the midwife/medical-staff should be taken them seriously, support the mand that the father-to-be is regarded as an equal participant in their child’s birth.

The purpose of this study was to explore factors which are predictive of parenting stress for first-time parents. Based on attachment theory and empirical research, the factors investigated were the responsibility for child care and housework, the current and retrospective relationship with the family of origin, the change in emotions related to parenthood, the marital relationship, and attachment and individuation.

Syfte: Det är en stor omställning i livet att få en ny familjemedlem. Därför finns det ett behov av att undersöka förstagångsföräldrars erfarenhet av aktivitetsbalans samt vilka aktiviteter som anses vara meningsfulla. Men även undersöka om det finns något intresse av att få stöd i att strukturera aktiviteter under den första tiden hemma med barnet. Metod: Informationen samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer, som sedan transkriberades. Meningsbärande enheter togs ut, kondenserades och kodades. Utifrån koderna gjordes en analys. Föräldrarna fick även skatta sin upplevda aktivitetsbalans på en skala mellan 1–10. Resultat: Av studien gick det att utläsa att det inte fanns ett uttalat behov av stöd under barnets första år, men att det utifrån beskrivningarna av situationen som uppstod efter barnets hemkomst, fanns ett visst behov av att få stöd i att hitta aktivitetsbalansen under den första tiden. Slutsats: Utifrån resultatet drogs slutsatsen att det fanns ett behov av stöd under den första tiden med barnet, då det beskrevs som en tid av osäkerhet. Det medförde en stor omställning vilket innebar att föräldrarnas vanor och rutiner ställdes på ända och de behövde hitta ett nytt aktivitetsmönster. Fortsatt forskning: För att få ett större underlag och inom ett bredare åldersspann på både föräldrar och barn, skulle det behövas kvantitativa studier. Men även fler kvalitativa studier vore nödvändigt för att kunna få en fördjupad förståelse för föräldrarnas erfarenheter och upplevelser. / Purpose: It is a great change in life to get a new family member. Therefore there is a need to examine first-time parents' experiences of activity balance and which activities are considered meaningful. But also examine if there is any interest in getting support in structuring their activities during the first time at home with the child. Method: The information was collected through semi-structured interviews, which were then transcribed. Sentences were taken out, condensed and coded. Based on the codes, an analysis was made. The parents estimated their occupational balance on a scale between 1–10. Results: The study showed that there is no explicit need for support during the child's first year. But based on the descriptions of the situation that arose after the child's homecoming, there was a certain need to get support in finding the occupational balance during the first period with the child. Conclusion: Based on the result the conclusion showed that there was a need for support during the first time with the child, as it was described as a time of insecurity. This involves a major change, which includes that the parents' habits and routines where turned upside down. They had to find a new activity pattern. Further research: To obtain a larger basis and within a broader range of ages for both parents and children, quantitative studies would be needed. But even more qualitative studies would be necessary in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the parents' experiences.

Deeper understanding of family health and support after childbirth from the perspective of first-time parents and their informal support network is needed. Postpartum experiences and health concerns of first-time mothers and fathers and, discourses on sexuality and informal support after childbirth were explored in low-income, suburban areas in Ilala, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Individual qualitative interviews with first-time mothers (n=10) and fathers (n=10), and 14 focus group discussions with first-time parents (n=40) and informal support persons (n=42) provided the data, which were analyzed through qualitative content and discourse analysis. First-time parents’ areas of concern were newborn care and hygiene, infant feeding, handling crying infant, maternal nutrition and hygiene, uncertain body changes for the mother and, sexuality. The mothers were burdened with caring responsibilities and fathers felt neglected and excluded from the care of the mother and infant after childbirth, both by the families and the health care system. Sexuality after childbirth created tension between new parents due to the understanding that abstinence would protect child health during the breastfeeding period, which could be several years. Women’s adherence to sexual abstinence was more emphasized compared to men’s. Men’s engagement with other sex partners and the risk of contraction HIV was a threat to family health. First-time parents drew on support from both informal and formal sources. Informal support networks played a major role in providing information, materials, guidance and supervision while conveying stereotypic gender norms. Contradictions in the messages to parents within and between the support systems created uncertainties that might have negative implications for family health. Poor parents and those who did not adherence to the social norms were less likely to get informal support than others were. There is a need for information and practical guidance on basic aspects of care for the mother and infant, male involvement, and the importance of social support to first-time parents, as new parents face physical, social and relational challenges after childbirth. The link between the health care system and informal networks need to be strengthened to enable them to complement each other in promoting family health after child health.

A big problem in the world today is vaccine hesitancy (VH), a tool to combat this could be to use serious games (SG) as a tool for education. There has been some research into this field, these studies have mainly used a single game or looked at a series of games, and they have required quite a lot of interaction. A trivia can allow the player to focus on thinking rather than performing various tasks; even if both can be equally educational. In this work a platform game was developed and used together with a questionnaire to test the knowledge of the common person in regard to vaccines and vaccine preventable diseases. 20 people participated in this study, 10 in a control group and 10 in the game group. The results in this study show that there was no significant statistical difference between a serious platform game and a compendium when it comes to learning.

This study examined some of the factors that influence father involvement for first time parent s. These variables included: general or cultural attitudes of father involvement, personal expectations for father involvement, and level of satisfaction with the marriage. A secondary purpose was to examine factors that buffer the decline of marital satisfaction associated with the transition to parenthood. It was proposed that marital satisfaction was associated with having similar expectations for father involvement, having father involvement that met or exceeded personal expectations, and accurately perceiving spousal identity. A final purpose was to create a model of father invol vement, originally represented by the level of time, awareness, and support a father provides for his child. Ninety-six couples enrolled in two prenatal classes participated in this study. Both mothers and fathers were given nearly identical surveys for the prenatal (or the third trimester of pregnancy) and postnatal (when the target child was between 3 and 6 months old) phases of the study With a 29% attrition rate, the final sample consisted of68 couples. The results indicated that postnatal father involvement was predicted by the level of marital satisfaction and also by the personal expectations that both spouses have for father involvement. Results failed to support the hypotheses that father involvement would be significantly related to prenatal general attitudes of father involvement. However, there was some support that general (or cultural) attitudes change as a fun ction of personal experience for father s; the standard set for other fathers seems to be based from and conform to their own level of involvement. As expected, postnatal marital satisfaction for both spouses was strongly related to father involvement. Although postnatal marital satisfaction was slightly related to the similarity in spouses' expectations for father involvement, the exploratory analysis shows that spouses with high personal expectations for father involvement (during the prenatal phase) tend to experience high levels of postnatal marital satisfaction, regardless of similarity of expectations between spouses. There was a general trend for postnatal marital satisfaction to be high when father involvement met or exceeded personal expectations, and low when father involvement fell short of personal expectations. The exception is when expectations were high; spouses with high expectations tend to report high levels of postnatal marital satisfaction regardless of whether father involvement met, surpassed, or fell short of those expectations. Contrary to expectations, accurately perceiving spousal identity was not related to marital satisfaction. Implications are given.

No description available.

In an attempt to strengthen marriages during the transition to parenthood, the Marriage Moments program was developed from Blaine Fowers' virtues based model of marital quality. Marriage Moments is a non-intrusive, mostly self-guided approach to marriage education, which is easily incorporated into childbirth education classes. The Marriage Moments curriculum stresses building marriage on a strong foundation of friendship and partnership. In this model, marital friendship is strengthened through a shared vision of life and important life goals; partnership is nurtured by the virtues of generosity, fairness and loyalty. This program was tested on 155 married couples that were expecting their first child. Couples were randomly assigned to one control or two treatment groups. The control group participated in a childbirth education class, but did not receive the Marriage Moments program. The instructor-encouraged treatment group viewed the Marriage Moments video in their childbirth education classes and were encouraged to do workbook activities by their class instructor; the self-guided treatment group couples were given the video and workbook to use at home. The Marriage Moments video is comprised of five, eight-minute segments introducing the marital virtues of friendship, generosity, fairness and loyalty. The workbook provides couples with additional information about the transition to parenthood and the possible applications of the virtues principles, including individual and couple activities. All couples were assessed using a battery of self- and spouse-report measures immediately before and after their child-birth classes and then at three and nine months after the birth of their babies. This longitudinal study examined the effect of the Marriage Moments program on marital virtues, marital quality, and intentionality. Relationship outcome measures included in this study were the Marital Virtues Profile, Revised-Dyadic Adjustment Scale, RELATE Satisfaction subscale and Transition Adjustment Scale. Treatment group couples reported high involvement in and enjoyment of the program. When asked to rate the program, couples evaluated the program as 'important' and 'worthwhile.' However, despite positive program evaluation, statistical tests revealed no consistent difference between the control and treatment groups over four times. Subgroup analysis also failed to reveal group differences when controlling for education, number of years married, and early marital distress. Suggestions for future study include contrasts of skills and virtues based curriculums, as well as high and low dosage interventions. In addition, this program should be studied in both clinical and educational settings.

Bakgrund: Av alla föräldrar till barn som föds i Sverige varje år är det ca 40 % som är förstföderskor. Omställningen kan bli stor när man blir förälder för första gången och behovet av stöd till båda föräldrarna är stort. Föräldrar är i behov av stöd i föräldrarollen, frågor som rör barnet samt social gemenskap med andra föräldrar i samma situation. Hembesöket har stor betydelse för att skapa en god relation med föräldrarna.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva BVC-sjuksköterskors upplevelser av förstagångsföräldrars behov av stöd under barnets första levnadsår, samt vad som varviktigt att tänka på för att främja god kontakt.Metod: Studien har en beskrivande design med kvalitativ ansats. Sex sjuksköterskor på två olika barnavårdscentraler i Mellansverige deltog. Data samlades in via semistrukturerade intervjuer, personliga – och telefonintervjuer. Materialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Huvudresultat: I studien framkom att föräldrarna var i behov av stöd när det gällde deras egna mående både fysiskt som psykiskt, samt frågor som berörde barnet. Många mammor kunde ha fysiska symtom efter förlossning samt känna nedstämdhet och depressiva symtom. Behovet av social gemenskap och vara med i föräldragrupp efterfrågades när barnet blev lite äldre. Vidare framkom att det var viktigt att skapa en god och förtroendefull relation med föräldrarna och hembesökets betydelse betonades i samband med detta. Slutsats: Upplevelserna hos sjuksköterskorna i studien var att föräldrarna var i behov av stöd framförallt under barnets första sex månader. Behovet av stöd varierade utefter barnets ålder, samt utefter vilka personliga förutsättningar förstagångsföräldrarna hade. Vidare upplevde sjuksköterskorna att hembesök var av stor betydelse, när relationen med föräldrarna skulle grundas och det var ett bra tillfälle att skapa goda och förtroendefulla relationer. Resultatet i föreliggande studie kan ligga till grund för förbättringsarbete inom BVC / Background: Of all children who is born every year in Sweden are 40% first time mothers. The change can be huge when you become a parent for the first time, and the need of support for both parent is great. Parents need support in their parental role, questions concerning the child and social fellowship with other parents in the same situations. The home visit is very importance for creating a good relationship with the parents. Aim: The purpose of the study was to describe nurses in child health care experiences of first time parents need for support during the child’s first year of life, and what is important to think about in order to promote good contact.Method: The study has a descriptive design with qualitative approach. Six nurses at two child care centers in central Sweden was participated. Data were collected via semi structured interviews, personal- and telephone interviews. The material was analyzed with qualitative content analysis.Main results: The study revealed that the parents were in need of support with regard to their own physically and mentally health, as well as issues that concerned the child. Many mother could have physical symptoms after childbirth as well as feel depressed and depressive symptoms. The need of social community and being part of parent group vas demand, when the child got a little older. Furthermore, it emerged that it was important to create a good and trusting relationship with the parents and the importance of home visit was emphasized in connection with this. Conclusion: The experiences of the nurses in the study was that the parents were in need of support, especially during the child’s first six month. The need for support varied according to the child’s age and according to the personal circumstances of the first- time parents. Furthermore, the nurses felt that home visits were of great importance, when the relationship with the parents was to established and it was a good opportunity to create good and trusting relationships. The results of the present study can form the basis for improvement work within child health care.