Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / This thesis examines how recent South African government fisheries policies have affected the livelihoods and food security of small-scale fishers, using the Kalk Bay fishing community in Cape Town, South Africa, as a case study. Fish has for generations provided food security for the fishers of Kalk Bay and their families. This food security has been both through catching fish for direct consumption and selling fish for income. Fish is an excellent source of nutrition, supplying easily digestible protein, as well as vital macro and micro nutrients essential for development and growth, thereby providing nutritional security. In South Africa, the right to food has been identified by the South African government as a primary policy objective. The Constitution of South Africa also guarantees access to food for citizens of the country primarily through providing access to food sources and livelihoods. This mini-thesis argues that despite the stated objectives of the government, the development and implementation of policy in the fisheries sector has not supported the right to food. Research was conducted through in-depth interviews with government representatives, fishing activists and fishers with a direct interest in Kalk Bay, as well as a survey completed in the Kalk Bay fishing community. The findings were examined through a sustainable livelihoods perspective, with a focus on access rights as a necessity to access livelihoods. The results clearly indicate that households in Kalk Bay who have traditionally pursued livelihoods and food security through fishing are often no longer able to do so. Small-scale fishers were completely omitted from the Marine Living Resources Act of 1998. This has resulted in the removal of access rights to marine resources which has led to these traditional fishers no longer being able to access their historical livelihoods and provide food security. These fishers have experienced further disenfranchisement from policies that were promised to empower the citizens of South Africa at the beginning of the new democracy in South Africa. As a result of a loss of access to livelihoods, small-scale fishers in South Africa launched a class action against the government. This legal action was won by the fishers and a judgement was given that the government was to amend the Marine Living Resources Act (1998), and a fisheries policy ensuring the inclusion of small-scale fishers was to be written. This thesis also addresses the attitudes towards and challenges of the newly adopted “Policy for small-scale fisheries in South Africa” of the fishing community of Kalk Bay. The evidence suggests that although small-scale fishers are now included, there are still notable challenges that could derail its successful implementation. A key challenge is the uncertainty by any parties about the quantity and value of marine resources to be allocated to the small-scale sector. It is unclear how much, if any, of the allocation is coming from the large scale industrial sector. This could result in continued challenges to the small-scale sector in terms of being able to access livelihoods and maintain food security.

Paper analyzes the EU legal regulation of fishing. Specifically, it focuses on activities and norms, aiming to make european fisheries become sustainable and environmentally friendly. The paper summarizes the development of the common fisheries policy (CFP), which is one of the EU sectoral policies. Emphasis is placed on latest reform of CFP, which aimed among other things to sustainability. The next part deals with individual management tools, which is controlled amount of inputs and outputs to / from the fishing process. To restriction of outputs (amount of fishery products) is used setting total allowable catches and quotas. To restriction of inputs is used reduction of fishing capacity of vessels, which given to the assign rights and available resources is excessive, and also by reducing fishing effort. In addition to these tools are an inportant technical measures serving to reduce the impact of fishing on marine ecosystems, and in particular the prohibition or restriction of non-selective and destructive fishing techniques, or delimitation areas or periods in whitch fishing is prohibited. Paper in addition to fishing rules also focuses on control regulation. Control of compliance and penalties for non-compliance are regulated in the EU control system for fisheries. This is designed to ensure...

Esta DissertaÃÃo de Mestrado, dentre os objetivos propostos, se inicia com a abordagem dos aspectos polÃticos envolvidos com a exploraÃÃo dos recursos pesqueiros da GuinÃ-Bissau, paÃs africano da costa ocidental do AtlÃntico por frotas estrangeiras pertencentes a paÃses da UniÃo EuropÃia, Ãsia, AmÃrica Central e Ãfrica. Um panorama geral das condiÃÃes oceanogrÃficas da plataforma continental, bem com a sinopse biolÃgica das principais espÃcies à apresentado. A distribuiÃÃo espacial das principais fÃcies sedimentares se propÃe a servir de base para a anÃlise da distribuiÃÃo espacial de peixes, moluscos e crustÃceos, com destaque para os camarÃes, por sua maior importÃncia econÃmica. A frota pesqueira foi analisada quanto ao nÃmero de unidades e estruturas de idade e tonelagem bruta de arqueaÃÃo. EstatÃsticas de captura para os perÃodos 1990-1997 e 2000-2003 foram utilizadas para se estimar a produÃÃo total e os Ãndices de abundÃncia por mÃs, trimestre e ano, viabilizando a anÃlise das tendÃncias estacional e anual, e determinaÃÃo das Ãpocas de safra. O modelo logÃstico curvilÃneo foi escolhido para estimar os parÃmetros do equilÃbrio do rendimento pesqueiro, utilizando-se a unidade de esforÃo âdia de pesca. Os principais resultados estÃo descritos a seguir: (1) a plataforma continental da GuinÃ-Bissau à uma das mais ricas da costa ocidental da Ãfrica, com produÃÃo pesqueira relativamente elevada para os padrÃes de desenvolvimento sÃcio-econÃmico do paÃs; (2) as frotas dos paÃses da UniÃo EuropÃia tÃm historicamente dominado as pescarias na GuinÃ-Bissau, mas com uma tendÃncia recente de decrÃscimo em benefÃcio das frotas da Ãsia e Ãfrica; (3) a frota africana precisa de urgente reposiÃÃo, pois a idade mÃdia de seus barcos à de 25,2 anos e 45,4% deles jà tÃm idade superior a 30 anos; (4) a tonelagem bruta de arqueaÃÃo (TBA) mÃdia dos barcos indica uma estabilizaÃÃo do volume global da frota ao longo do perÃodo estudado; (5) a Ãpoca de safra de peixes, moluscos e crustÃceos parece depender da estaÃÃo chuvosa, do processo de ressurgÃncia costeira e do aporte de nutrientes por descarga fluvial; (6) a distribuiÃÃo espacial das espÃcies costeiras està associada a substratos lamosos, enquanto a de espÃcies oceÃnicas se relaciona com substratos arenosos; (7) dentre as espÃcies de camarÃo, apenas o gamba, Penaeus longirostris, mostrou uma relaÃÃo inversa âCPUE/no. de dias de pescaâ com significÃncia estatÃstica, viabilizando a aplicaÃÃo dos modelos logÃsticos; (8) os parÃmetros de equilÃbrio do rendimento do gamba foram estimados com os seguintes valores: rendimento mÃximo sustentÃvel (PMS) = 1.262 t; xiii esforÃo Ãtimo (Eot) = 13.636 dias de pesca; e CPUE mÃxima sustentÃvel [(P/E)ms ] = 92,5 kg/dia de pesca); (9) as tendÃncias de decrÃscimo da produÃÃo e da produtividade (CPUE) indicam a provÃvel instalaÃÃo de um processo de sobrepesca, que pode ser revertido se as necessÃrias medidas regulatÃrias forem implementadas. / This Masterâs Thesis, among the proposed objectives, gets started by addressing the political aspects involved with the exploitation of fishing resources in GuinÃ-Bissau, an African nation located on the western Atlantic coast, by foreign fleets that belong to countries from European Union, Asia, Central America and Africa. A broad overview of the oceanographic conditions as well as biological synopses of the main species area presented. The mapping of the sedimentary facies is supposed to give support to the analysis of the space distribution of fishes, mollusks and crustaceans, with emphasis on shrimps because of their outstanding commercial importance. The fishing fleet was studied as to the number of units, and age and tonnage frameworks. Catch statistics for periods 1990-1997 and 2000-2003 were used for estimating total yield and abundance indices by month, trimester and year in order to be made amenable to highlight their seasonal and annual trends, and to determine the main harvest times. The exponential logistic model was chosen for the yield equilibrium parameters to be estimated by making use of dayâs fishing as unit of fishing effort. The main results are described as follows: (1) the continental shelf of GuinÃ-Bissau stands out as one of the richest on the African Atlantic coast, boasting a relatively high fish production given its socioeconomic development standards; (2) the European Unionâs fishing fleets have historically dominated GuinÃ-Bissau fisheries, but they have shown a recent decreasing trend that has entailed replacement by the Asian and African ones; (3) the African fleet is requiring a urgent renewal, for its mean age is 25.2 year and 45.4% of the boats are over 30 years old; (4) the average boatâs tonnage indicates stabilization of the overall fleetâs bulk over the years; (5) the main harvest times for fish, mollusks and crustaceans seem to depend on the rainy season, upwelling processes and nutrients replenishment from riversâ drainage; (6) the space distribution of coast-living species is associated with muddy substrates, whereas that of oceanic species is related to sandy substrates; (7) among the shrimp species, only Penaeus longirostris was found to xiv have an inverse, statistically-significant âCPUE/number of dayâs fishingâ relationship, making it possible to apply logistic models (8) the equilibrium yield parameters for P. longirostris were estimated as: maximum sustainable yield (MSY) = 1,262 tons; optimum fishing effort (fopt) = 13,636 dayâs fishing; and maximum sustainable CPUE (Uopt) = 92.5 kg per dayâs fishing; (9) the decreasing trends shown by total production and productivity points out the probable onset of overfishing, a process which can be forestalled if the right regulatory measures are duly enforced.

The aim of thesis is to examine the impact of fisheries policy on sustainable growth of sources of fish stocks and the economic growth of three selected countries: New Zealand, Peru and Japan in time period since 1990 to 2013. The theoretical part defines basic concepts, strategies and policies. This section explains the right, wealth or culture based management models of fisheries. The practical part is focused on analysing influence of fisheries on economic growth and its indicators in the period of 1990 to 2013 for selected countries. This thesis analyses the situation of fisheries, including historical development, current situation and the importance of fishing in the selected economies. In this part the thesis presents investigation of the effectiveness of various policies and subsequently comments recommendations for improving the situation of fisheries in the future. The work is performed by using descriptive, comparative and factorial analysis and using data published by statistical offices, ministries of selected areas and international organizations such as FAO, UN and OECD.

Η παρούσα μελέτη έχει ως στόχο τη διερεύνηση της δυναμικής του αλιευτικού στόλου της Ελλάδας και άλλων κρατών-μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (Ε.Ε.). Το εργαλείο που χρησιμοποιήθηκε για τη διερεύνηση είναι το Κοινό Αλιευτικό Μητρώο (Κ.Α.Μ., Community Fleet Register). Το Κ.Α.Μ. είναι μια βάση δεδομένων των εγγεγραμμένων αλιευτικών σκαφών της κάθε χώρας με στοιχεία που αφορούν τα τεχνικά χαρακτηριστικά τους (μήκος, ισχύς κινητήρα, χωρητικότητα, αλιευτικά εργαλεία) καθώς και άλλες σημαντικές πληροφορίες (έτος κατασκευής, ένταξης στο στόλο, απόσυρσης κ.α.). Επιπλέον, αποτελεί το μοναδικό κοινό και ταυτόχρονα αξιόπιστο εργαλείο αναφοράς μεταξύ των κρατών-μελών της Ε.Ε. Οι επιμέρους στόχοι της μελέτης θα μπορούσαν να συνοψιστούν στους παρακάτω: α) η μεταβολή στο χρόνο των κλάδων της αλιείας (μικρή, μέση, υπερπόντια) και των τεχνικών χαρακτηριστικών των σκαφών που τις απαρτίζουν, β) η διερεύνηση για τη μείωση της αλιευτικής πίεσης μέσω των διαφόρων μεταρρυθμιστικών μέτρων στα οποία έχει προβεί η κοινότητα (MAGP I-IV), γ) η ύπαρξη ή όχι κοινού προτύπου μείωσης στα διάφορα κράτη-μέλη και τέλος δ) η εξέλιξη της δυναμικής του στόλου στις πιο εξαρτώμενες από την αλιεία περιοχές και οι διαφορές που αυτές παρουσιάζουν σε σχέση με το γενικό μοντέλο κάθε κράτους-μέλους στο οποίο ανήκουν. Η μελέτη αυτή είναι σημαντική λόγω της εξέχουσας θέσης που κατέχει η Ελλάδα στον Ευρωπαϊκό αλιευτικό στόλο αλλά και της ιδιομορφίας της. Είναι χαρακτηριστικό ότι το 20% περίπου των σκαφών του κοινοτικού στόλου είναι νηολογημένο στην Ελλάδα, αλλά αντιστοιχεί σε λιγότερο από το 5% της συνολικής χωρητικότητας και το 8% της ισχύος κινητήρα. Επίσης, γίνεται προσπάθεια να αναδειχθούν οι διαφορές μεταξύ χωρών και ιδιαίτερα περιοχών με διαφορετικά επίπεδα εξάρτησης από την αλιεία. Παράλληλα όμως, μπορεί να συμβάλλει στην προσπάθεια του γενικότερου πλάνου διαχείρισης της αλιείας στην Ε.Ε., μέσω των διαφόρων μεταρρυθμιστικών μέτρων για τη μείωση της αλιευτικής πίεσης με στόχο τη σταθεροποίηση και τη διατήρηση των ιχθυαποθεμάτων. / The present study has as a main goal to investigate the fishing fleet dynamics of Greece and the Member States of European Union. The tool that was used to achieve this goal was the Community Fleet Register which is a database that contains all fishing vessels of each Member State. The data for each vessel are classified in those that concern technical characteristics of the vessel (length, engine power, vessel’s gross tonnage, fishing gears) and other types of data (construction year, commission year , decommission year). Furthermore, Community Fleet Register is the only common and accurate tool that can serve as reference database for vessels characteristics among the member states of E.U. the objectives of this study can be summarized into these: a) the change through time of the fishing fleet segments (small scale fishery, industrial fishery, b) the investigation about the reduction of fishing effort through the structural policies of E.U. from the start of Common Fisheries Policy, c) the presence or not of a common reduction profile among the Member States and d) the fleet dynamics of E.U. fisheries most dependent areas with the differences that may be appeared from the general model of each Member State they belong. The importance of this study consists in the leading role of Greece at Community’s. Fishing Fleet and simultaneously it’s significant structure. It is common knowledge that although approximately the 20% E.U.’ s fishing vessels are registered in Greece only 5% of total tonnage and 8% of total engine power are entitled in Greek fishing vessels. At the same time there is an effort to come up with the differences between the Member States with different fisheries dependence level. Ultimately, this study tries to contribute to the efforts of a holistic E.U. fisheries management, throughout the policies for the reduction of fishing effort, aiming to a sustainable and viable fisheries sector.

Submitted by Gabriel Martim Jacintho Ribeiro (gabrielmjr@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-20T14:36:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação FGV_Gabriel Ribeiro_Final.pdf: 3351423 bytes, checksum: 0ef01ccd8af9194bdc19ecbf32be4e9b (MD5) / Rejected by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Conforme conversamos precisa dos ajustes. Att Pâmela Tonsa on 2017-03-20T15:19:35Z (GMT) / Submitted by Gabriel Martim Jacintho Ribeiro (gabrielmjr@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-20T15:27:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação FGV_Gabriel Ribeiro_Final.pdf: 3353327 bytes, checksum: 0b2fba36e644721b006f2502d8151bfa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-03-20T15:38:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação FGV_Gabriel Ribeiro_Final.pdf: 3353327 bytes, checksum: 0b2fba36e644721b006f2502d8151bfa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-20T15:47:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação FGV_Gabriel Ribeiro_Final.pdf: 3353327 bytes, checksum: 0b2fba36e644721b006f2502d8151bfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Despite being one of the oldest activities carried out by man and having an enormous socioeconomic importance for Brazil, fishing industry, mainly the small-scale fisheries, is still quite neglected from national political processes. Following the country's agro-export vein, the federal government's growing orientation towards increasing production through aquaculture and industrial fishing seems to be an incompatible strategy, both with the characteristics of the natural reproductive forces of the South Atlantic Ocean (in which the brazilian coast is situated) and with the social reality of the fisheries sector, which employs almost 1 million workers (more than 90% working in small-scale fisheries). The disorderly institutionalization of a national plan for the fishing industry is reflected in the other federative entities. As an economic activity, of an extractive nature, and carried out in public domain territory, marine capture fisheries are pressured (i) economically - by competition with industrial fisheries; and (ii) territorially - by other economic activities at sea, by the impacts of increasing coastal urbanization and by the rules and laws imposed by environmental conservation agencies, at different levels of the federation. Recent, but scarce, studies seek to understand, punctually, the effects of certain public policies, or comanagement systems, with a view from the territory where the activity occurs. However, it is understood that looking at the development of small-scale fisheries should also consider the economic, environmental and social dimensions, but mainly incorporate a better understanding of the forces acting in the local context. In order to contribute to this discussion, and incorporating the political dimension, the research question that guided this dissertation was: How the processes of interaction between different social groups (government and civil society), in a local context, influence the development of small-scale fisheries? In order to answer it, a bibliographical review was made respecting the contributions, among others, from the fields of sociology, anthropology, economics, agronomy and sustainable development. There was also a historical reconstitution of the federal institutionalization around fisheries industry, a characterization of the small-scale fisheries sector and the main policies and instances of participation for the sector. From this point, was adopted the critical-constructivist theoretical model proposed by Pozzebon et al. (2009) in order to deepend into the case study chosen: the municipality of Ubatuba-SP. The research findings point to the issue around the configuration of Brazilian federalism as an obstacle to the creation, implementation and coordination of policies for the sector, which also weakens the institutional arrangements in a subnational context. Thus, the integration of local actors is hampered by a dependence on federal policies to subsidize and organize the activity. It is also noted that the experiences of political decentralization around the coastal planning and the shared management of the marine environment, by the way they were implemented and by their consultative character in which the final decisions are in the hand of the State of São Paulo, do not seem sufficiently capable of strengthen small-scale fisheries locally. / Apesar de ser uma das mais antigas atividades exercidas pelo homem e ter uma enorme importância socioeconômica para o Brasil, a atividade pesqueira, principalmente a modalidade artesanal, ainda é bastante alijada dos processos políticos nacionais. Seguindo a veia agroexportadora do país, a crescente orientação dada, pelo governo federal, para o aumento produtivo por meio da aquicultura e da pesca industrial parece uma estratégia incompatível, tanto com as características das forças reprodutivas naturais do litoral brasileiro, quanto com a realidade social do setor que emprega quase 1 milhão de trabalhadores (mais de 90%, atuam na modalidade artesanal). A desordenada institucionalização da política nacional para o setor se reflete nos demais entes federativos. Como atividade econômica de caráter extrativista, e realizada em território de domínio público, a pesca de captura marinha é pressionada (i) economicamente - pela competição com a pesca industrial; e (ii) territorialmente - por outras atividades econômicas atuantes no mar, pelos impactos da crescente urbanização costeira e pelas regras e legislações impostas pelos órgãos de conservação ambiental, em diferentes níveis da federação. No entanto, são ainda escassos e pontuais os estudos que buscam compreender os efeitos de determinadas políticas públicas e/ou dos sistemas de cogestão, com olhar a partir do território onde ocorre a atividade. Entende-se que o olhar para o desenvolvimento da pesca artesanal deva considerar, igualmente, as dimensões econômica, ambiental e social, mas principalmente incorporar uma melhor compreensão das forças atuantes no em contexto local. A fim de contribuir para essa discussão, e incorporando a dimensão política, a pergunta de pesquisa que norteou essa dissertação foi: Como os processos de interação entre diferentes grupos sociais (governo e sociedade civil), em contexto local, influenciam o desenvolvimento da pesca artesanal? Para respondê-la foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica respeitando as contribuições, dentre outras, dos campos da sociologia, antropologia, economia, agronomia e desenvolvimento sustentável. Foi feita também uma reconstrução histórica da política nacional para a pesca, uma caracterização do setor pesqueiro artesanal e das principais políticas públicas e instâncias de participação para o setor. A partir dessa revisão foi adotado o modelo teórico crítico-construtivista proposto por Pozzebon et al. (2009) para debruçar-se sobre o estudo de caso escolhido: o município de Ubatuba-SP. Os achados da pesquisa apontam a questão da configuração do federalismo brasileiro como um entrave para a criação, implementação e coordenação das políticas para o setor, o que enfraquece os arranjos institucionais em contexto subnacional. Dificultado, assim, a integração entre atores locais e legando-os à uma dependência das políticas federais para subsídio e ordenamento da atividade. Nota-se, ainda, que as experiências de descentralização política em torno do ordenamento costeiro e da gestão compartilhada do ambiente marinho, pela forma como foram implementadas e por seu caráter consultivo com as decisões na mão do ente estadual paulista, não parecem suficientemente capazes de fortalecer a pesca artesanal.

Le lac Tonle Sap (TSL) est l'un des plus grands lacs du monde et est connu comme un hot-spot de la biodiversité en Asie du Sud-Est. En raison de la grande diversité ainsi que de la productivité élevée de poissons, le lac contribue à un apport important en protéines pour la population cambodgienne. Cette étude vise principalement à étudier (1) la dynamique spatiale et temporelle de la composition des communautés de poissons, (2) les effets des facteurs environnementaux sur la distribution des espèces et (3) l'effet de l'abolition des lots de pêche sur la biomasse, les communautés de poissions et le structure des poissons. En utilisant des méthodes statistiques multivariées sur les données de poissons et de variables environnementales, je suis en mesure de mettre en évidence les principales conclusions suivantes: * Les communautés de poissons du TSL étaient composées de deux assemblages de poissons: l'assemblage du nord, principalement caractérisé par des poissons noirs, et l'assemblage du sud, principalement lié aux poissons blancs, gris et estuariens. Les assemblages de poissons de la période 1994-1995 étaient représentés par l'abondance de tous les groupes fonctionnels, c'est-à-dire les poissons noirs, blancs et gris, et pour la période de 1996 à 1999, les assemblages étaient liés aux poissons blancs et gris. * Les distributions des abondances espèces de poissons n'étaient pas homogènes dans le TSL. De plus, les aires de distributions des espèces étaient différentes et étaient régies par des combinaisons distinctes de caractéristiques de l'habitat et de facteurs climatiques. * H. lobatus et H. siamensis peuvent coexister ensemble, mais la synchronisation et la migration de H. lobatus conduisent toujours à celles de H. siamensis. Ces résultats suggèrent que la population de H. lobatus est plus sensible aux variations d'impulsion de flux que celles de H. siamensis. Ceci indique que les variations des impulsions d'écoulement sont les principaux déterminants responsables de la dynamique temporelle de chaque espèce.[...] / Tonle Sap Lake (TSL) is one of the world's largest lakes and is a biodiversity hotspot in Southeast Asia. It supports high fish productivity which sustains protein supply for millions of people in the region. This study aims to investigate (1) spatial and temporal dynamics of fish community composition, (2) the effects of environmental factors on fish distribution and (3) effects of fishing lot abolishment on fish biomass, community and structure in TSL. By using multivariate statistical methods on fish and environmental data, the thesis highlights that: * There were two fish assemblages in TSL: the northern assemblage, mostly characterised by black fishes, and the southern assemblage, mainly linked to white, grey and estuarine fishes. Fish assemblages from earlier years (1994 and 1995) were represented by the abundances of all functional groups, i.e. black, white and grey fishes, and from 1996 to 1999, the assemblages were linked only to white and grey fishes. * Fish species distributions were not homogeneous within TSL. In addition, species distribution areas were different and were governed by distinct combinations of the local habitat characteristics and regional climatic factors. * H. lobatus and H. siamensis can co-occur together, but synchronisation and migration of H. lobatus always lead those of H. siamensis. These results suggest that the population of H. lobatus is more responsive to flow pulse variations than those of H. siamensis.[...]

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:33:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2683614 bytes, checksum: 138392d957dc98d45ce6e74c24e0c6e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation aimed to analyze the social and economic effects generated by the prohibition of a lobster fishing with the web, and what actions and strategies were adopted by families and government front to these changes. It is important to understand how the reorganized life, everyday life and the attainment of, the families, as well as what measures are planned and implemented by the government, given the approval of the Management Plan for Sustainable Use, guiding document for public policies. With the implementation of the prohibithion of lobster fishing laws with the web, the fishing community Pontal has undergone a significant process of social and economic change. Thus, the present study sought to account for this dynamic throughout the analysis. For this, we use them, especially lifting, cataloging and document analysis as well as interviews with the actors involved. As the work was the proposal to analyze social and economic effects of the legislation in the fishing community of Pontal, treated a detailed case study focused on the analysis of a controversy. Thus, this paper also proposed to do an analysis of qualitative and critical of the proposed policy, adopted or not, the public and private power, and identify the strategies adopted by fishermen and their families in order to obtain their means life. Given the observed facts can be concluded that the new legislation has caused changes in the livelihoods of fishermen and their families through the conflicts that arise around a law that regulates the use of natural resources and does not promote aggregation of these fishermen around an identity. This is primarily because the decision-making process that has established these standards and rules for use of such resources was made in a space that did not take into account the particularities of the fishing community Pontal. / Esta dissertação teve como objetivo principal analisar os efeitos sociais e econômicos gerados pela proibição da pesca de lagosta com a rede, e quais ações e estratégias foram adotadas pelas famílias e poder público frente a essas mudanças. Importa entender como se reorganizou a vida, o cotidiano e a obtenção dos ganhos, pelas famílias, bem como quais as medidas previstas e implantadas pelo poder público, haja vista a aprovação do Plano de Gestão do Uso Sustentável, documento norteador de políticas públicas. Com a implementação da legislação da proibição da pesca de lagosta com a rede, a comunidade pesqueira do Pontal tem passado por um significativo processo de mudança social e econômica. Assim, o presente trabalho procurou dar conta dessa dinâmica ao longo da análise. Para tanto, utilizamo-nos, sobretudo, de levantamento, catalogação e análise documental, bem como da realização de entrevistas com os atores sociais envolvidos. Como o trabalho teve a proposta de analisar os efeitos sociais e econômicos provocados pela legislação na comunidade pesqueira do Pontal, tratouse de um estudo de caso detalhado, focado na análise de uma controvérsia. Desta forma, o presente trabalho também se propôs a fazer uma análise de caráter qualitativo e crítico acerca das políticas propostas, adotadas ou não, pelo poder público e privado, bem como identificar as estratégias adotadas por pescadores e suas famílias a fim de obterem seus meios de vida. Diante dos fatos observados pode se concluir que a nova legislação tem provocado mudanças nos meios de vida dos pescadores e de suas famílias que surgem através dos conflitos em torno de uma legislação que regula o uso dos recursos naturais e não promove a agregação desses pescadores ao redor de uma identidade. Isso ocorre principalmente porque o processo decisório que estabeleceu essas normas e regras para utilização de tais recursos foi constituído num espaço que não levou em conta as particularidades da comunidade pesqueira do Pontal.

The Peruvian anchoveta fishery was for nearly 60 years characterized by the unsustainable dynamics of open access resource pools. This thesis investigates whether the 2009 Peruvian Legislative Decree 1084 on Individual Vessel Quotas (IVQ's) is an effective response to the industrial overcapacity and race-to-fish problems that threatened the environment before its implementation. It employs Common-Pool Resource theory to assess the impact of the new IVQ scheme on collective dynamics, and Ribot and Peluso's access theory (2009) to elucidate evolving power relations in the fishery. In this framework, DL1084 is evaluated as a regulatory instrument, as a lens on fisheries governance in Peru, and as a source of insight into how environmental impact serves in developing regulations of natural resource exploitation. A triangulated mixed-method design is employed: (1) a two-stream literature review of fisheries management and of the fishery's political ecology; (2) a quantitative analysis of daily state-published landings reports; and (3) seven in-depth intensive interviews with key actors in the fishery, conducted in Peru over two field-trips of approximately 2 months in total. Results indicate that although IVQ's supported existing trends towards large-scale economic efficiency and altered extreme competitive strategies previously associated with open access, fishing companies have built larger ships, favour bigger catches and still concentrate fishing effort around a given annual peak. Meanwhile, capacity has again increased in the unregulated artisanal fishery sector. DL1084 appears to reflect a broader process of growing private sector involvement in managing the fishery, made official by its institutionalization of market self-regulation. Ultimately, it evidences deep structure and capacity limitations in the state's ability to govern marine resources. The law was nevertheless seen as a landmark for the environmental legal process in Peru and an opportunity for reform. This thesis suggests that studying such legislations can provide insight into state identity and the evolving relationship between a nation and its geography. / Durante casi 60 años, la pesquería peruana de anchoveta estaba caracterizada por las dinámicas insostenibles de la explotación de recursos de propiedad común en situación de acceso abierto. Esta tesis investiga si el Decreto Legislativo Peruano 1084 (DL1084) sobre Límites Máximos de Captura por Embarcación (LMCE) es una respuesta efectiva a los problemas de sobrecapacidad industrial y de carrera por el recurso que amenazaban el ambiente antes de su aplicación en 2009. Se basa en la teoría de los Recursos de Propiedad Común (Common-Pool Resource theory) para evaluar el impacto del nuevo modelo de gestión por LMCE sobre las dinámicas colectivas, y en la teoría del Acceso de Ribot y Peluso (2009) para trazar la evolución de las relaciones de poder en la pesquería. En este marco, el DL1084 es evaluado como herramienta regulatoria, como lente sobre la gobernanza pesquera en el Perú y como reflejo del proceso por el cual el impacto ambiental sirve como base para el desarrollo de regulaciones sobre el acceso a recursos naturales. Sigue un diseño triangulado de métodos combinados: (1) una revisión de literatura en dos ramas de la gestión de pesquería como campo general y de la ecología política de la pesquería de anchoveta; (2) un análisis cuantitativo de los informes diarios de desembarques publicados por el estado (IMARPE); y (3) siete entrevistas intensivas de fondo con actores claves en la pesquería, realizadas en Perú durante dos visitas de aproximadamente dos meses en total. Los resultados indican que a pesar de que los LMCE soportaron una tendencia existente hacia una eficiencia económica de mayor escala y alteraron las estrategias competitivas extremas asociadas con el acceso abierto, las empresas pesqueras han construido embarcaciones más grandes, favorecen capturas de mayor tamaño y todavía concentran su esfuerzo pesquero alrededor de un pico anual de abundancia. En paralelo, ha aumentado la capacidad de captura en el sector artesanal, el cual no cuenta con límites de captura. El DL1084 aparece como parte de un proceso más general de creciente involucramiento del sector privado en el manejo de la pesquería, haciéndolo oficial por su misma institucionalización de la autorregulación del mercado. Por último, pone en evidencia profundas limitaciones de estructura y de capacidad en el estado en cuanto a cómo gobierna los recursos marinos. La ley ha sin embargo sido vista como un precedente importante para el proceso legislativo ambiental en el Perú así como una oportunidad para impulsar otras reformas. Esta tesis sugiere que el estudio de tales legislaciones puede ofrecer una mirada sobre los procesos de formación de la identidad de un estado y sobre la evolución de la relación entre una nación y su geografía.