>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Many South African Deaf people use their mobile phones for communication with SMSs yet they would prefer to converse in South African Sign Language. Deaf people with a capital `D' are different from deaf or hard of hearing as they primarily use sign language to communicate. This study explores how to design and evaluate a prototype that will allow a Deaf person using SASL to tell a hearing doctor how s/he is feeling and provide a way for the doctor to respond. A computer{based prototype was designed and evaluated with the Deaf people in a previous study. Results from the user trial of the computer{based mock{up indicated that Deaf users would like to see the prototype on a cell phone. Those user trial results, combined with our own user survey results conducted with Deaf people, are used as requirements. We built a prototype for a mobile phone browser by embedding SASL videos inside XHTML pages using Adobe Flash. The prototype asks medical questions using SASL videos. These questions are arranged in an organized way that helps in identifying a medical problem. The answers to the questions are then displayed in English and shown to the doctor on the phone. A content authoring tool was also designed and implemented. The content authoring tool is used for populating the prototype in a context free manner allowing for plug and play scenarios such as a doctor's office, Department of Home A airs or police station. A focus group consisting of Deaf people was conducted to help in the design and pilot trial of the system. A final user trial was conducted with more than thirty Deaf people and the results are presented and analyzed. Data is collected with questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and video recordings. The results indicate that most of the Deaf people found the system easy to learn, easy to navigate through, did not get lost and understood the sign language in the videos on the mobile phone. The hand gestures and facial expressions on the sign language videos were clear. Most of them indicated they would like to use the system for free, and that the system did not ask too many questions. Most of them were happy with the quality of the sign language videos on the mobile phone and would consider using the system in real life. Finally they felt their private information was safe while using the system. Many South African Deaf people use their mobile phones for communication with SMSs yet they would prefer to converse in South African Sign Language. Deaf people with a capital `D' are different from deaf or hard of hearing as they primarily use sign language to communicate. This study explores how to design and evaluate a prototype that will allow a Deaf person using SASL to tell a hearing doctor how s/he is feeling and provide a way for the doctor to respond. A computer{based prototype was designed and evaluated with the Deaf people in a previous study. Results from the user trial of the computer{based mock{up indicated that Deaf users would like to see the prototype on a cell phone. Those user trial results, combined with our own user survey results conducted with Deaf people, are used as requirements. We built a prototype for a mobile phone browser by embedding SASL videos inside XHTML pages using Adobe Flash. The prototype asks medical questions using SASL videos. These questions are arranged in an organized way that helps in identifying a medical problem. The answers to the questions are then displayed in English and shown to the doctor on the phone. A content authoring tool was also designed and implemented. The content authoring tool is used for populating the prototype in a context free manner allowing for plug and play scenarios such as a doctor's office, Department of Home A airs or police station. A focus group consisting of Deaf people was conducted to help in the design and pilot trial of the system. A final user trial was conducted with more than thirty Deaf people and the results are presented and analyzed. Data is collected with questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and video recordings. The results indicate that most of the Deaf people found the system easy to learn, easy to navigate through, did not get lost and understood the sign language in the videos on the mobile phone. The hand gestures and facial expressions on the sign language videos were clear. Most of them indicated they would like to use the system for free, and that the system did not ask too many questions. Most of them were happy with the quality of the sign language videos on the mobile phone and would consider using the system in real life. Finally they felt their private information was safe while using the system. / South Africa

Sverige är för tillfället operativa med Helikopter 16 - Black Hawk i Afghanistan. Uppgiften som löses i Afghanistan är främre och taktisk sjuktransport (MEDEVAC). Detta arbete handlar om hur befintliga VMS-system i helikoptrar kan kompletteras i syfte att möta ett föreliggande prickskyttehot vid lösande av främre MEDEVAC i ett insatsområde som miljömässigt liknar Afghanistan. I arbetet analyseras möjliga tekniker utifrån aspekter från ett konstruerat scenario där helikopterbesättningarnas uppgift, insatsmiljö samt hotbild beskrivs. Resultatet visar på att MEDEVAC-helikoptrar kan utrustas med sensor-gimbaler där olika sensorer kan kombineras, vilket möjliggör spaning i 360°. Detta bidrar till den militära nyttan då helikopterpersonalens lösande av uppgift effektiviseras, chansen till överlevnad ökar samtidigt som personal och patienter kan känna sig tryggare. / Currently, Sweden has operative Black Hawk helicopters in Afghanistan. The tasks they are solving in Afghanistan are forward and tactical Medical Evacuation (MEDEVAC). This work is about how existing Electronic Warfare Systems in helicopters can be supplemented in order to face a present sniper-threat during forward MEDEVAC in a conflict area which environmentally reminds of Afghanistan. In this work, a few possible techniques will be analyzed. This analyze will be based on aspects from a constructed scenario where the task to be solved, the conflict area, and the known threat is described. The result shows that MEDEVAC-helicopters can be equipped with operator-controlled sensor-gimbals where different electro-optical sensors can be combined. Gimbals allow reconnaissance in 360°. This contributes to the military utility since the main task can be solved by the helicopter personnel more effectively. Also, the probability of survival will probably increase and the personnel and wounded soldiers might feel more secure than before.

No description available.

O aumento da ocorrência de desastres hidrológicos relacionados a inundações bruscas tem recebido maior atenção dos diversos órgãos em suas diferentes escalas, com o objetivo de reduzir ao máximo suas causas. Justamente por isso, as medidas não estruturais são medidas de extrema importância na prevenção de tais desastres. Uma dessas medidas deve ser o mapeamento de áreas de perigo de inundações. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi propor e avaliar o perigo de inundações bruscas por meio de modelagem hidrogeomorfológica na bacia do arroio Forromeco-RS. Para isso, foi utilizado o modelo CAESAR-LISFLOOD, para representar os processos hidrológicos em escala de bacia e canal. Em escala de bacia foram gerados hidrogramas a partir da criação de chuvas de projeto para diferentes tempos de retorno (TR), considerando como base o maior evento registrado nessa bacia associado a um TR de 22 anos. Esses hidrogramas foram utilizados nas simulações em escala de canal para gerar os diferentes mapas de inundação em termos de profundidade e velocidade do fluxo da água. Para analisar as áreas de perigo de inundação, foram determinados os índices de perigo (IP) associados aos diferentes TR, a partir da profundidade e a velocidade d’água. Através das análises do resultado de IP foi criado o mapeamento final de perigo associado a três tempos de retorno (5, 22, e 100 anos). Além disso, estabeleceu-se três zonas para identificar os níveis de perigo, considerando o cenário mais crítico dos três mapas. Os resultados mostraram que a maior área inundada se encontra em alto perigo, ocupando 77% da área total, o que significa que as pessoas que moram nessa região estão em perigo tanto em casa, como fora delas. Ao mesmo tempo as construções estão em alta possiblidade de serem danificadas. / The increase in the occurrence of hydrological disasters related to flash floods has begun to be more important for several organs at different scales in order to reduce their magnitude and frequency as much as possible. Precisely because of it, non-structural measures are extremely important measures for preventing such disasters. One of these important measures might be the mapping of flood hazard areas. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to propose and evaluate the flash flood hazard by means of hydrogeomorphic modeling of the Forromeco river basin, Rio Grande do Sul state. Thus, the CAESAR-LISFLOOD model was used to represent the hydrological processes at basin and channel scale. At basin scale hydrographs were generated from the creation of hyetographs for different return periods (RP), considering the largest event recorded in this basin. These hydrographs were used in the channel scale simulations to generate the different flood maps in terms of depth and velocity of water flow. In order to analyze the flood hazard areas, the hazard indexes (HI) associated with the different RPs were determined from the depth and water velocity. Through the IP analysis, the final hazard mapping associated with three RPs (5, 22, and 100 years) was created. In addition, three zones were established to identify the hazard levels, considering the most critical scenario of the three maps. The results showed that the largest flood area is in high degree hazard, occupying 77% of the total area. It indicates that people are in danger both inside and outside houses. At the same time buildings are in high possibility of being damaged.

The purpose of this thesis is: (i) to produce an in-depth data analysis and computer-based simulations of the market environment to investigate whether financial stability is affected by the presence of High-Frequency investors; (ii) to verify how High-Frequency Trading and financial stability interact with each other under non-linear conditions; (iii) whether non-illicit behaviours can still lead to potentially destabilising effects; (iv) to provide quantitative support to the theses, either from the audit trail data or resulting from simulations. Simulations are provided to test whether High-Frequency Trading: (a) has an impact on market volatility, (b) leads to market splitting into two tiers; (c) takes the lion's share of arbitrage opportunities. Audit trail data is analysed to verify some hypotheses on the dynamics of the Flash Crash. The simulation on the impact of High-Frequency Trading on market volatility confirms that when markets are under stress, High-Frequency Trading may cause volatility to significantly increase. However, as the number of ultra-fast participants increases, this phenomenon tends to disappear and volatility realigns to its standard values. The market tiering simulation suggests that High-Frequency traders have some tendency to deal with each other, and that causes Low-Frequency traders also to deal with other slow traders, albeit at a lesser extent. This is also a kind of market instability. High-Frequency Trading potentially allows a few fast traders to grab all the arbitrage-led profits, so falsifying the Efficient Market Hypothesis. This phenomenon may disappear as more High-Frequency traders enter the competition, leading to declining profits. Yet, the whole matter seems a dispute for abnormal gains only between few sub-second traders. All simulations have been carefully designed to provide robust results: the behaviours simulated have been drawn from existing literature and the simplifying assumptions have been kept to a minimum. This maximises the reliability of the results and minimizes the potential of bias. Finally, from the data analysis, the impact of High-Frequency Trading on the Flash Crash seems significant; other sudden crashes occurred since, and more can be expected over the next future. Overall, it can be concluded that High-Frequency Trading shows some controversial aspects impacting on financial stability. The results are at a certain extent confirmed by the audit trail data analysis, although only indirectly, since the details allowing the match between High-Frequency traders and their behaviour are confidential and not publicly available Nevertheless, the findings about HFT-induced volatility, market segmentation and sub-optimal market efficiency, albeit not definitive, suggest that careful monitoring by regulators and policy-makers might be required.

[pt] O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi caracterizar o fenômeno de corrosão localizada na região da junta soldada de elos de amarras do tipo ORQ utilizados em sistemas de ancoragem offshore. Para tal, foram selecionados elos de amarras retirados de serviço ao final de sua vida útil programada e sem sinais de corrosão localizada (elos sem corrosão) e elos de amarras que tiveram abreviada sua vida útil em função de corrosão localizada (elos com corrosão). Inicialmente, promoveu-se a determinação das características microestruturais, na qual se destacou o intenso bandeamento microestrutural de ferrita/perlita, bem como as propriedades mecânicas e de fratura das juntas soldadas em ambas as condições. Em seguida, ensaios eletroquímicos avaliaram a susceptibilidade à corrosão das diferentes regiões da junta soldada. Os resultados mostraram a zona termicamente afetada como anódica, com alta taxa de corrosão em elos com corrosão, enquanto que, em elos sem corrosão, esta mesma região foi catódica, com baixa velocidade de corrosão. Após tais ensaios, a zona termicamente afetada dos elos com corrosão foi submetida a diferentes tratamentos térmicos visando a diminuição de sua taxa de corrosão. O tratamento térmico de recozimento, prévio à têmpera e revenido, foi importante para a diminuição da taxa de corrosão desta região. Finalmente, as juntas soldadas em ambas as condições foram analisadas por difração de raios-X, que evidenciou a presença de partículas de segunda fase contendo níquel e cromo na zona termicamente afetada dos elos com corrosão. Tais partículas foram apontadas, possivelmente, como causadoras do endurecimento e da maior susceptibilidade à corrosão desta região. / [en] The purpose of this work was to characterize the localizated corrosion phenomenom in the weld region of offshore mooring chains type ORQ. In this sense, a number of chain links were selected after finishing their projected life time without corrosion signs (chains without corrosion) as well as chain links which showed a reduced life time caused by localizated corrosion (chains with corrosion). Initially, a microetructural characterization, that revealed a strong ferrite-pearlite banding, as well as mechanical testing were carried out for both material´s conditions. In the sequence, eletrochemistry tests evaluated the corrosion susceptibility of the different regions of the weld joint. The results showed that the heat affected zone concerning the chains with corrosion was the anodic region, with high corrosion rate, while the same region on the not corroded chains was the cathodic one, with low corrosion rate. After that, the heat affected zone regarding the corroded chains was subjected to different heat treatments aiming to reduce its corrosion rate. The annealing heat treatment, previous to quenching and tempering, was considered important in order to decrease the corrosion rate of this region. Finally, the welded joints in both conditions were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction, which pointed to the presence of second phase particles containing nickel and chromium in the heat affected zone of the corroded chains. The hardening and the high corrosion susceptibility showed by this region was attributed for these particles.

Ce travail de thèse a pour ambition de comprendre les mécanismes et les processus qui régissent l’action en situation decrise, c’est-à-dire dans des conditions de gestion fortement marquées par l’urgence et la nécessité d’agir vite en situationd’incertitude. Le constat d’une vulnérabilité du réseau routier face aux crues rapides nous conduit à la question suivante :quelles sont les modalités de gestion de crise lors d’événements pluvieux violents ayant pour conséquences des fermetures, des coupures ou des submersions du réseau routier et quelles sont les conditions de l’efficacité de gestion ? Notre étude souhaite montrer comment les acteurs en charge de la gestion du réseau routier dans un département régulièrement impacté par les inondations « gèrent » ces périodes de turbulences, avec quelles ressources et avec quels outils (plans, logiciels, dispositifs techniques, fiches actions etc.). Ce que nous souhaitons montrer, ce n’est pas tant qu’il existe des décalages entre le travail prescrit et le travail réel des opérateurs en temps de crise, mais bien les modalités de ces déplacements. En ce sens, c’est la question de l’efficacité qui est au coeur de notre démarche. Au sens étymologique, l’efficacité est une « vertu », une « force » (du latin efficacitas), elle doit nous permettre dans ce travail de saisir les décalages entre se qui se rapporte d’un côté à la planification et à une gestion organisée des crises, et de l’autre ce qui se rattache à la métis, c’est-à-dire l’intelligence pratique des acteurs en charge de l’exécution des tâches planifiées. Plutôt que d’identifier des défaillances, nous souhaitons montrer ce qui semble efficace du point de vue des acteurs, ce qui est « porteur » pour l’action, ce qui fait sens (Jullien, 1996, 1992). Quels sont les mécanismes vertueux que les acteurs mettent en place afin d’assurer une certaine efficacité de gestion, et de « faire tenir » ce moment de crise caractérisé, d’après une partie de la littérature, par la perte de repères pour l’action ? Approcher les conditions de l’efficacité demande d’une part d’analyser les pratiques des acteurs (rapport à la confiance, à l’adaptation, à l’improvisation, à l’interprétation de l’environnement et des informations), d’autre part de connaître les plans d’action qui les prescrivent. / This PhD dissertation aims at a better understanding of the mechanisms and processes which dictate the actions taken ina situation of crisis, that is to say, in a context very much characterized by urgency, and the necessity to act quickly inan unpredictable situation. After assessing the vulnerability of the road network in the event of a rapid rise in the waterlevel, we were led to raise the following questions : what are the various modes of crisis management in the event of violentrainstorms leading up to closings, interruptions or submersion of the road network ? What are the required conditions foran efficient management ? Our study intends to show the modus operandi of the actors in charge of the road networkmanagement in a district subject to frequent flooding to « manage » those times of trouble and the means and tools given tothem (maps, softwares, technical devices etc). What we originally aimed at was not so much emphasizing the gap betweenthe stipulated work and the effective work of operators in a time of crisis but rather focusing on the modalities of these« moves ». In a sense, matters of efficiency are at the heart of our approach. In its etymological meaning, efficiency is avirtue, a strength (from latin efficacitas) and it should enable us in this work to grasp the discrepancies between whatis linked on one side to the planning and organized managing of crises and on the other to metis, that is, the practicalintelligence of the actors in charge of the execution of the devised tasks. Instead of identifying the deficiency, we intend tohighlight what seems efficient from the actors’ point of view, what is « bearing » to the action, what makes sense (Jullien,1996, 1992). What are the virtuous mechanisms that the actors can devise in order to secure some kind of managementefficiency and to "hold together" this moment of crisis characterized, according to some writings, by the loss of a sense ofdirection in action ? This approach of the conditions of efficiency entails on the one hand the analysis of the actors’ practices(trust, adaptation, improvisation, interpretation of the surroundings and of information), and on the other, the knowledgeand understanding of the plans of action that prescribe them.

L'objectif scientifique de la thèse est de progresser dans la modélisation hydrologique spatiale régionale dans le contexte de crues éclairs qui représentent l'une des catastrophes naturelles les plus destructrices dans la région Méditerranéenne. L'accent est mis sur les questions de mise à l'échelle des bassins versants et la dérivation des équations et des modèles applicables aux bassins de milieu simplifiées de grande taille pour mieux décrire l'hétérogénéité du paysage et de la complexité du processus. Telles sont les questions clés pour faciliter le modèle mis en place dans le contexte de l'ensemble du bassin versant et d'essayer son application dans les bassins non jaugés trop. Pour répondre à ces questions, une modélisation hydrologique spatiale simplifiée sur les sous-bassins versants est d'abord proposé où les paramètres sont essentiellement tirées de l'information disponible (surtout cartographique). La méthode de Kirchner (WRR, 2009) qui suppose que le débit à la sortie est la seule fonction de stockage du bassin versant, est spécifiquement étudiée dans le cadre des bassins versants Méditerranéens. L'étape suivante consiste à créer un nouveau modèle hydrologique SIMPLEFLOOD distribué sur la base de « top down » méthodologie de Kirchner dans la plateforme de modélisation JAMS. Les paramètres du modèle simple sont estimés à des endroits calibrés et une régionalisation se fait en fonction de la géologie. Le bassin versant est discrétisé en sous-bassins versants d'environ 10 km2. La dernière étape consiste à procéder à un couplage de données avec le modèle hydraulique MAGE 1D développé à IRSTEA HHLY tenir compte des effets de propagation de la rivière sur les hydrogrammes simulés. Le couplage est externe, ce qui signifie que les sorties du modèle hydrologique dans le système de modélisation de JAMS deviennent les entrées du modèle MAGE hydraulique. Les sorties sont les débits qui sont transférés dans le modèle de MAGE soit comme flux latéraux (provenant des terres adjacentes) et /ou entrées d'eau locales. L'application de la thèse est le bassin versant de l'Ardèche (2388 km ²), qui est l'un des sites pilotes français pour le programme international HyMeX (cycle hydrologique dans l'expérience de la Méditerranée, http://www.hymex.org/). La thèse proposée contribue également au projet FloodScale (multi-échelle d'observation hydrométéorologique et de modélisation pour la compréhension et simulation des crues éclairs (http://floodscale.irstea.fr/). L'application de la méthodologie Kirchner (2009) montre que les résultats de simulation des débits sont bonnes pour les bassins de granit, trouvés à être caractérisée principalement par des processus excès de ruissellement et d'écoulement sous la surface de saturation. L'hypothèse simple de système dynamique fonctionne particulièrement bien dans des conditions humides (pics et les récessions sont bien modélisés). D'autre part, la performance du modèle est moins bien représentée à l'été et les périodes de sécheresse où l'évapotranspiration est large et observations de bas-débits sont inexactes. Dans le bassin versant de l'Ardèche, les précipitations simulées correspondent bien à de stations de jaugeage observés et données de réanalyse SAFRAN pendant les périodes de non-végétation. Le modèle doit encore être amélioré pour inclure une représentation plus précise de l'évapotranspiration réelle, mais fournit un résumé satisfaisant du fonctionnement du bassin versant pendant les périodes humides et d'hiver. Le couplage du modèle hydrologique obtenue avec le modèle hydraulique MAGE 1D fournit des résultats satisfaisants mais les résultats sont si réciproques comme dans le cas du modèle hydrologique ou une équation d'onde cinématique simple pour le routage des flux existe. On peut dire que dans les situations ou débordement de la rivière est significative, le couplage serai crucial. / The scientific objective of the thesis is to progress in regional spatial hydrological modeling in the context of flash floods that represent one of the most destructive natural hazards in the Mediterranean region. Emphasis is put on catchment scaling issues and derivation of simplified equations and models applicable to basins of medium to large size to best describe landscape heterogeneity and process complexity. These are the key issues in facilitating the model set up in the context of the whole catchment and trying its application in ungauged catchments too. To address these issues, a simplified spatial hydrological modeling over sub-catchments is first proposed where parameters are essentially derived from available information (cartographic utmost). For this purpose, the Kirchner (WRR, 2009) method that assumes that discharge at the outlet is only a function of catchment storage is specifically studied in the context of Mediterranean catchments. The next step is to create a new distributed hydrological model based on the data driven methodology of Kirchner within the JAMS modeling framework. The parameters of the simple model are estimated at the gauged locations and a regionalization is done according to geology. The catchment is discretized into sub-catchments of about 10 km2. The final step is to proceed with data coupling with the MAGE 1D hydraulic model developed at HHLY to consider river propagation effects on the simulated hydrographs. The coupling is external, meaning that outputs from the hydrological model in JAMS modeling system become inputs to the hydraulic model MAGE. Outputs are discharge rates in the reach network that are transferred into the MAGE model as either lateral flows (coming from adjacent land) and/or local inflows. The case study of the thesis is the Ardèche catchment (2388 km²), which is one of the French pilot sites for the HyMeX international program (Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment, http://www.hymex.org/). The proposed thesis also contributes to the FloodScale project (Multi-scale hydrometeorological observation and modeling for flash floods understanding and simulation, http://floodscale.irstea.fr/ ). The application of the Kirchner (2009) methodology shows that resulting discharge simulation results are good for granite catchments, found to be predominantly characterized by saturation excess runoff and sub-surface flow processes. The simple dynamical system hypothesis works especially well in wet conditions (peaks and recessions are well modeled). On the other hand, poor model performance is associated with summer and dry periods when evapotranspiration is high and operational low-flow discharge observations are inaccurate. In the Ardèche catchment, inferred precipitation rates agree well in timing and amount with observed gauging stations and SAFRAN data reanalysis during the non-vegetation periods. The model should further be improved to include a more accurate representation of actual evapotranspiration, but provides a satisfying summary of the catchment functioning during wet and winter periods. The coupling of the resulting hydrological model with the MAGE 1D hydraulic model provides satisfying results. However, the results show that the timing and magnitude of simulated discharge with coupled model is as good as by the hydrological model with a simple kinematic wave equation for flow routing. We argue that in situations when there is a significant overflow in the floodplain the interest of the coupling with the hydraulic model becomes crucial.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-26T19:01:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RegivaldoDeOliveiraFalcao_DISSERT.pdf: 2070708 bytes, checksum: d2030edd45895ed4d631e7484ff6f7c1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-28T21:49:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RegivaldoDeOliveiraFalcao_DISSERT.pdf: 2070708 bytes, checksum: d2030edd45895ed4d631e7484ff6f7c1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-28T21:49:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RegivaldoDeOliveiraFalcao_DISSERT.pdf: 2070708 bytes, checksum: d2030edd45895ed4d631e7484ff6f7c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-19 / O presente trabalho teve como objeto de estudo um sistema de gera??o de vapor, distribui??o de vapor e retorno de condensado de uma planta t?xtil localizada no Rio Grande do Norte. O trabalho teve como base os seguintes objetivos: Conhecer o uso do vapor saturado de ?gua nos processos de tinturaria e acabamento em uma planta t?xtil; Estudar os diversos aspectos de um sistema de distribui??o de vapor, para identificar as formas em que ocorrem perdas de energia; Obter informa??es quantitativas das principais perdas de vapor no sistema de gera??o e distribui??o de vapor e mensurar as perdas, ?gua e vapor, do sistema; Utilizar o vapor flash como forma de redu??o de custo. Para isso fez-se uso da apura??o dos ganhos financeiros apresentados nas suas respectivas melhorias. Como base de dados para o desenvolvimento do trabalho utilizou-se registros de processos industriais, dados dos sistemas de utilidades, dados de an?lises de laborat?rio e de analisadores em linha, abrangendo o per?odo de 2013. Usando-se princ?pios consagrados das leis de conserva??o de massa e energia, o tratamento desses dados mostrou que as perdas de ?gua e energia no sistema de vapor s?o expressivas e que os ganhos ambientais e econ?micos que poder?o ser obtidos com a??es de melhoria s?o bastante significativas. Tomando como base os dados e resultados obtidos sugiro que os estudos futuros deem continuidade a abordagem sobre sistemas de gera??o de vapor, distribui??o e, principalmente, retorno de condensado / This study focused object a steam generation system, steam distribution and condensate return a textile plant located in Rio Grande do Norte. The work was based on the following objectives: Knowing the use of saturated water vapor in the dyeing and finishing processes in a textile plant; To study the various aspects of a steam distribution system to identify the ways in which energy losses occur; Obtain quantitative information of the main loss in steam generation system and steam distribution and to measure the losses, water and steam system; Using the flash steam as a means of cost reduction. For it was made use of the calculation of financial gains made in their respective improvements. As a database for the development of working registers are used in industrial processes, data from utility systems, laboratory data analysis and on-line analyzers, covering the period 2013. Using the principles set conservation laws mass and energy, those data showed that the loss of water and energy in the steam system are significant and that the environmental and economic gains to be obtained with improvement actions are quite significant. Based on the data and results suggest that future studies deem the continuity approach to steam generation systems, distribution and mainly condensate return.

O aumento da ocorrência de desastres hidrológicos relacionados a inundações bruscas tem recebido maior atenção dos diversos órgãos em suas diferentes escalas, com o objetivo de reduzir ao máximo suas causas. Justamente por isso, as medidas não estruturais são medidas de extrema importância na prevenção de tais desastres. Uma dessas medidas deve ser o mapeamento de áreas de perigo de inundações. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi propor e avaliar o perigo de inundações bruscas por meio de modelagem hidrogeomorfológica na bacia do arroio Forromeco-RS. Para isso, foi utilizado o modelo CAESAR-LISFLOOD, para representar os processos hidrológicos em escala de bacia e canal. Em escala de bacia foram gerados hidrogramas a partir da criação de chuvas de projeto para diferentes tempos de retorno (TR), considerando como base o maior evento registrado nessa bacia associado a um TR de 22 anos. Esses hidrogramas foram utilizados nas simulações em escala de canal para gerar os diferentes mapas de inundação em termos de profundidade e velocidade do fluxo da água. Para analisar as áreas de perigo de inundação, foram determinados os índices de perigo (IP) associados aos diferentes TR, a partir da profundidade e a velocidade d’água. Através das análises do resultado de IP foi criado o mapeamento final de perigo associado a três tempos de retorno (5, 22, e 100 anos). Além disso, estabeleceu-se três zonas para identificar os níveis de perigo, considerando o cenário mais crítico dos três mapas. Os resultados mostraram que a maior área inundada se encontra em alto perigo, ocupando 77% da área total, o que significa que as pessoas que moram nessa região estão em perigo tanto em casa, como fora delas. Ao mesmo tempo as construções estão em alta possiblidade de serem danificadas. / The increase in the occurrence of hydrological disasters related to flash floods has begun to be more important for several organs at different scales in order to reduce their magnitude and frequency as much as possible. Precisely because of it, non-structural measures are extremely important measures for preventing such disasters. One of these important measures might be the mapping of flood hazard areas. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to propose and evaluate the flash flood hazard by means of hydrogeomorphic modeling of the Forromeco river basin, Rio Grande do Sul state. Thus, the CAESAR-LISFLOOD model was used to represent the hydrological processes at basin and channel scale. At basin scale hydrographs were generated from the creation of hyetographs for different return periods (RP), considering the largest event recorded in this basin. These hydrographs were used in the channel scale simulations to generate the different flood maps in terms of depth and velocity of water flow. In order to analyze the flood hazard areas, the hazard indexes (HI) associated with the different RPs were determined from the depth and water velocity. Through the IP analysis, the final hazard mapping associated with three RPs (5, 22, and 100 years) was created. In addition, three zones were established to identify the hazard levels, considering the most critical scenario of the three maps. The results showed that the largest flood area is in high degree hazard, occupying 77% of the total area. It indicates that people are in danger both inside and outside houses. At the same time buildings are in high possibility of being damaged.