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Showing 101 to 105 of 105 (0.022 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"flesh"" "subject:"lesh""
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Ostéogénie, intégration et qualité de la nacre d’un bivalve des côtes tunisiennes : Pinctada radiata (Leach, 1814) / Osteogenie, integration and quality of nacre of a tunisian coast bivalve Pinctada Radiata (Leach, 1814)Ben Ammar, Rym 15 December 2014 (has links)
La couche de nacre de la coquille de l'huître perlière Pinctada radiata des côtes tunisiennes est considérée comme un biomatériau ostéogénique prometteur. L’objectif de ce travail intitulé « Ostéogénie, intégration et qualité de la nacre d’un bivalve des côtes tunisiennes : Pinctada radiata (Leach, 1814) » consiste dans un premier temps à valoriser l’espèce P. radiata par sa qualité nutritionnelle par un suivi saisonnier de la composition de sa chair en lipides totaux et en phospholipides particulièrement les PC, PE, PS et PI. Les analyses effectuées ont montré que les lipides de P.radiata sont caractérisés par une richesse en acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI) de la série n-3 qui dépasse 3 fois celle des AGPI de la série n-6. Ces AGPI de la série n-3 en particulier l’EPA (C20:5n-3) et le DHA (C22:6n-3), sont connus comme étant les AG les plus importants dans l’alimentation humaine puisqu’ils préviennent des maladies cardiovasculaires et des pathologies ostéo-articulaires. Par ailleurs, P. radiata de la région de Maharès présente la meilleure qualité de nacre en Tunisie. Les analyses biochimiques ont montré que cette région, constitue la meilleure localisation de cette espèce qui est loin des zones portuaires et des différentes origines de stress (pêche, exploitation, zone touristique etc…). En plus de cet aspect, la zone de Maharès renferme des pintadines présentant une bonne qualité en termes d’épaisseur de nacre. Nos résultats montrent que la composition, saisonnière, en acide gras des phospholipides et en particulier des glycérophospholipides (PE, PI, PS et PC) de la nacre est riche en acides gras saturés C14 :0, C16 :0 et C18 :0 particulièrement en hiver et dans un moindre degré au printemps. La nacre, substance ostéogénique, a été également caractérisée par un taux élevé de plusieurs AGPI de la série n-3 et n-6, particulièrement (18:3n-3, 18:4n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, 22:6n-3 et le 20:4n-6). Pour démontrer les potentialités ostéogéniques des extraits de la nacre, nous avons utilisé un modèle "in vitro" utilisant 4 extraits lipidiques : l’extrait lipidique de la nacre de P.radiata (Ln), l’extrait lipidique de la chair de P.radiata (Lc), l’ESM (Ethanol soluble Matrix) de la nacre de P.radiata (Br) et l’ESM de la nacre de P.margaritifera (Bm). Nous avons comparé, in vitro, le pouvoir ostéogénique des extraits ESM des deux espèces P. radiata et P. margaritifera sur deux types de cellules les préchondrocytes ATDC5 et les préostéoblastes murins MC3T3. Les différents extraits (Ln, Lc, Br et Bm) induisent l’engagement des cellules MC3T3 vers le lignage ostéoblastique par l’activation des promoteurs des gènes spécifiques du tissu osseux, tels que: le collagène de type 1, l’ostéocalcine (OC), l’ostéopontine(OP) et le Runx2. Ces extraits induisent aussi l’engagement des cellules ATDC5 vers la différenciation endochondrale par l’activation des promoteurs des gènes spécifiques du tissu osseux, tels que: le collagène de type 1 alpha-1 (Col1a1), l’Aggrécane et le collagène de type X alpha-1 (ColXA1). De plus, nous remarquons que la fraction organique ou ESMr(Br) en comparaison avec celle de P.margaritifera (Bm) présente également les propriétés stimulantes de la nacre et la stimulation est même beaucoup plus importante. Ces résultats mettent en évidence, dans les modèles expérimentaux mis en oeuvre, l’intérêt des lipides. Ces derniers semblent jouer un rôle important dans cette stimulation. De plus, nous pouvons penser à la possibilité de l’association des molécules de nacre ou de biominéralisation avec les acides gras de la nacre et de la chair dans les défauts osseux à travers les sites actifs de l’os ou du cartilage humain présentant les différentes pathologies ostéarticulaires / The nacre layer of the shell of the pearl oyster Pinctada radiata of tunisian coast is considered a promising osteogenic biomaterial. The objective of this work entitled "Osteogenie, integration and quality of nacre of a tunisian coast bivalve: Pinctada radiata (Leach, 1814)" is a first step to enhance the species P.radiata its nutritional quality by seasonal monitoring of the composition of the flesh of total lipids and phospholipids in particular PC, PE, PS and PI. The analyzes showed that lipids of P.radiata are characterized by rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the n-3 more than 3 times that of PUFAs n-6 series. These PUFAs of the n-3 series particularly EPA (C20: 5n-3) and DHA (C22: 6n-3) are known to be the most important AG in the food as prevent of the cardiovascular disease, and joint/ bone pathologies. Moreover, P. radiata of Mahares region has the best quality of nacre in Tunisia. Biochemical analyzes showed that this region is the best location of this species that is far from the port areas and different sources of stress (fishing, exploitation, tourist area etc ...). In addition to this aspect, the area contains pintadines having good quality in terms of thickness of nacre. Our results show that the seasonal composition of fatty acid of phospholipids in particular glycerophospholipids (PE, PI, PS and PC) nacre is rich in saturated fatty acids C14: 0, C16: 0 and C18: 0 especially in winter and spring in a lesser degree. Nacre, osteogenic substance, was also characterized by a high rate of PUFA of the n-3 and n-6 rate, especially (18: 3n-3, 18: 4n-3, 20: 5n-3, 22 5n-3, 22: 6n-3 and 20: 4n-6). To demonstrate the osteogenic potential of extracts of nacre, we have established an "in vitro" model using 4 lipid extracts: the lipid extract of nacre P.radiata (Ln); the lipid extract of the flesh of P.radiata (Lc), ESM (Ethanol soluble Matrix) of the mother-of P.radiata (Br) and ESM nacre of P. margaritifera (Bm). We compared “in vitro” osteogenic power ESM extracts of both species P. radiata and P. margaritifera on two types of cells the préchondrocytes ATDC5 and the murine preosteoblasts MC3T3. The different extracts (Ln, Lc, Br and Bm) induce engagement MC3T3 osteoblast lineage cells to the activation of the promoters of specific genes of bone tissue, such as collagen type 1, osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OP) and Runx2. These extracts also induce the commitment of ATDC5 cells to endochondral differentiation by activating specific genes promoters of bone tissue, such as collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1), the aggrecan and collagen type alpha 1-X (ColXA1). Moreover, we note that the organic fraction or ESMR (Br) compared with that of P. margaritifera (Bm) also has stimulant properties of nacre and the stimulation is even more important. These results demonstrate, in experimental models used, the interest of lipids. They seem to play an important role in this stimulation. Moreover, we can think about the possibility of the association of molecules or nacre biomineralization with the fatty acids of the nacre and flesh in bone defects through the active sites of bone or cartilage presenting the human osteoarticular different pathologies
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論西歐婚姻法法制化起源—以第1至12世紀之世俗婚姻法（Secular Marriage Law）與教會婚姻法（The Marriage of Canon Law）之沿革及相互影響為探討中心 / The research of the origin of the West European marriage legislation—emphasized on the development and the interaction of the Secular Marriage Law and The Marriage of Canon Law葉光洲, Chou, Yeh-Kuang Unknown Date (has links)
本文係為探討婚姻法學研究對西歐於文藝復興、宗教改革以及婚姻還俗運動前之婚姻法沿空白所撰。並以「世俗」及「教會」兩個角度切入，依照「羅馬帝國」（西元1-476年）、「初代教會」（1-500年）、「中世紀初期」（500-1000年）、復興改革時期（1000-1200年）之歷史沿革，探討今日婚姻法中諸如婚姻之本質、婚姻之成立、婚姻障礙、婚姻成立後之權利義務及婚姻之解消等制度之由來與發展。
首先，在羅馬帝國方面。按此時期之羅馬婚姻法對「嫁妝」著墨最多，似可顯示羅馬婚姻之重點乃在婚姻締結後對男方家族財產之重新分配，而非單純身分關係之新設、連結與延伸。在此同時，亦可察見自西元一世紀起，源自聖經之教會婚姻觀，強調婚姻之本質係「丈夫與妻子連合，兩人成為一體」之「兩人一體」關係，婚姻之成立係儀式婚，成立後，丈夫與妻子需秉持「愛與順服」彼此相待，且因婚姻為「神所結合，所以人不能分開」而衍生出婚姻不可解消之基本信念。
進入中世紀初期，「神本」之婚姻觀雖藉由散落各地之教會而廣為傳播，然而，對上層王公貴族，即使有如法蘭西之卡洛琳王朝般，與教會關係良好之政權，但一般上層階級，為維護其家族利益，繼承財產與個人私慾，對「兩人一體」之婚姻觀與「婚姻不解消」主義，仍是敬謝不敏，至多於犯罪後前住教會懺悔認罪，或在晚年進入修道院度此餘生。故中世紀初期之聖俗婚姻觀影響結果，係呈現「下聖上俗」之光景。
經歷過千禧年後，整個西歐來說似可稱為進入一個「復興改革時期」。在婚姻規範方面，或因教會改革奏效，民心歸向，且部分國王亦完全服膺教會婚姻規範，故上層階級之婚姻亦逐漸展現「由俗入聖」之趨。在婚姻法制方面，則在1140年左右由格拉濟亞，藉由教會法制史首見之科學分析方式，交出名為「不和諧教會法之調合」(Concordia discordantium canonum, A Harmony of Conflicting Canons)之法令集（Decretum），其內之婚姻法案例堪稱教會婚姻法一千多年來之結晶，堪稱為西歐婚姻法制化之源頭。
綜上，本研究發現今日婚姻法之法制起源，並非僅源自於十六世紀之法國民法，而係早在十二世紀之教會婚姻法中便可窺見其萌芽之蹤影，而今日婚姻法中受教會婚姻法影響者，亦非如一般教科書所稱僅「婚姻不解消」一端，而係包括「意思婚」、「一夫一妻制」及「異性婚」，並且禁止「重婚」、「內婚」均直接或間接受十二世紀教會婚姻法之影響。 / Abstract
The study was to explore the vacant development of marriage legal history before Renaissance, Religious Reformation and marriage returned to secular(movement de la sécularization du marriage) in Western Europe. Based on the four periods of history including “Roman Empire”(A.D1~A.D476),“the early church” (A.D1~A.D500), “Middle Age(A.D500~A.D1000)”, “the period of renew and reform (A.D1000~A.D1200)”, the study explored the origin and the development of today’s marriage law such as the essence, establishment, obstacle of the marriage, the right and obligation after getting marriage, and the dissolution of marriage, etc.
At first, the law of marriage in Roman Empire was established on “Dos’’(dowry) a lot. It showed that the main focus of Roman marriage was on re-allotting the properties of the male’s family instead of simply reconstituting connecting and extending two persons’ relationship after getting marriage.
Meanwhile from the first century, the law of marriage in the Church derived from Holy Bible emphasized the essence of marriage on the relationship of “two will became one flesh” in “A man will be united to his wife and they will become on flesh”. And through a ceremony, the marriage was established. After the ceremony, husband and wife should treat each other with love and obedience. Moreover ,the basic conviction of no dissolution after of the marriage was derived from that the marriage was established on the belief “what God has joined together ,let man not separate”.
During Middle Age (A.D 500~ A.D 1000), although the churches which spread over everyplace disseminated extensively the concept of “marriage rooted in God”, the upper class of society still didn’t approve the marriage concept of “two will become one flesh” and the conviction of no dissolution of the marriage, since they wanted to safeguard their family benefits, inherit properties, and satisfy their personal desire. Even like Carolingain dynasty in France which maintained good relationship with the Church was also in the same position. The upper class most went to the church and confessed their sin after committing crime, or spent the rest of their elder life in the abbey. As a result , the marriage of the lower class was holy and the upper class was secular showed during Middle Age.
To Western Europe, after millennium seemed to be called the period of renew and reformation. (A.D 1000~ A.D 1200). Since reformation in the Church showed results ,
the public attitude was for the Church, and some kings completely obeyed the marriage regulations of the Church, the marriage in the upper class also gradually displayed from secular to holy tendency. On the marriage legal system, Gratian composed a Decretum named “Concordia discordantium canonnum, A Harmony of Conflicting Canons” in A.D.1140 . The Causae of Decretum was recognized as the excellent piece of Church one thousand years age and the origin of marriage legal system in Western Europe.
The study found that the origin of today’s marriage legal system was not only derived from French Civil Law in the sixteenth century, but from marriage law in the Church in the twelfth century, And marriage law of the church in the twelfth century impacted today’s marriage law in many aspects. The influence was not only limited on the conviction of no dissolution action of the marriage as the common textbooks declared so, but directly or indirectly on the conviction of “ consensual marriage” ,“monogamy”, and on forbidding “ plural bigamy marriage” and “consanguine marriage.
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Comparison of vacuum treatments and traditional cooking in vegetables using instrumental and sensory analysisIborra Bernad, María del Consuelo 21 October 2013 (has links)
Los objetivos de la presente tesis fueron comparar el efecto de tres técnicas de cocción en
varios vegetales y su selección para cada producto estudiado. Para ello, los trabajos realizados
han considerado los cambios en las propiedades físico-químicas, nutricionales, sensoriales y la
microestructura. Asimismo, como respuesta al reto de aplicar tratamientos equivalentes en
firmeza con diferentes técnicas de cocción se ha propuesto una metodología que combina los
diseños experimentales de superficie respuesta (RSM) con análisis instrumentales y
sensoriales.
Los tratamientos térmicos estudiados fueron la cocción tradicional (TC¿ agua hirviendo a 100
°C) junto con dos tratamientos que utilizan el vacío en el procesado: el cook-vide (CV¿ cocción
a vacío continuo donde los alimentos están en contacto con agua hirviendo a baja presión) y el
sous-vide (SV¿ cocción de alimentos previamente embolsados a vacío donde el alimento está
separado del agua de cocción). Los vegetales objeto de estudio fueron la patata morada
(Solanum tuberosum L. var. Vitelotte), la judía verde (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Estefania), la
zanahoria (Daucus carota L. cv. Nantesa) y la col lombarda (o repollo colorado) (Brassica
oleracea convar. capitata var. capitata f. rubra).
Considerando muestras con firmeza instrumental similar y las propiedades nutricionales y
sensoriales (especialmente aroma y sabor), incluyendo la aceptación del consumidor, se
recomienda la cocción SV para los vegetales estudiados, excepto para la zanahoria. En el caso
de este vegetal el cocinado tradicional (100 °C) mantiene la aceptabilidad del consumidor y
aumenta la extracción de los ß-carotenos por lo que se considera más recomendable que el
SV. / Iborra Bernad, MDC. (2013). Comparison of vacuum treatments and traditional cooking in vegetables using instrumental and sensory analysis [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/32953 / TESIS
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Penser le corps, sa puissance et sa destinée chez Spinoza : aux sources de son anthropologie / Understanding the body, its power, and its destiny in Spinoza's philosophy : at the sources of his anthropologyBrown, Julius 08 September 2015 (has links)
Spinoza évaluera la révolution copernicienne et prônera un naturalisme rationaliste et matérialiste contre la tradition onto-théologique, Aristote et Descartes en étant les deux figures clés, sans parler des théologiens et de la Bible. Spinoza interprète l’erreur du géocentrisme comme signalant deux autres erreurs : le dualisme anthropologique classique qui inféodait le corps à l’âme et l’illusion du libre-arbitre. Par la réhabilitation gnoséologique, psychophysique et socio-affective du corps, il prétend conduire l’homme au salut présent, non eschatologique, le réconciliant avec lui-même et avec le Dieu-Nature. La permanence d’une sensibilité anthropologique hébraïque y est prégnante, ce qui n’annule pas des disparités conceptuelles, métaphysiques, sotériologiques et éthiques entre lui et l’Écriture. Ces disparités pourraient rapprocher Spinoza plus d’Aristote que de Descartes. Le projet spinozien tiendra-t-il ses promesses sans retomber dans les travers du mythique et du mystique ? / Spinoza assesses the Copernican revolution and advocates a rationalist and materialistic naturalismagainst the onto-theological tradition, Aristotle and Descartes as the two main figures thereof,theologians and the Bible not to mention. Spinoza interprets the error of geocentrism as indicating twoother errors: classical anthropological dualism which subjugated the body to the soul and the illusion offree-will. By gnoseological, psychophysical and socio-emotional rehabilitation of the body, he claims tolead man to present salvation, not eschatological, reconciling him with himself and with God as Nature.The permanence of Hebraic anthropological sensibility is pregnant, which does not cancel metaphysical,soteriological and ethical disparities between him and the Bible. These disparities could bring Spinozacloser to Aristotle than to Descartes. Will the spinozian project keep its promises without relapsing intothe traps of the mythical and the mystical ?
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Jesus Christ’s humanity in the contexts of the pre-fall and post-fall natures of humanity: a comparative and critical evaluative study of the views of Jack Sequeira, Millard J. Erickson and Norman R. GulleyMwale, Emanuel 12 1900 (has links)
Bibliography: leaves 653-669 / Before God created human beings, He devised a plan to save them in case they sinned. In this plan, the second Person of the Godhead would become human. Thus, the incarnation of the second Person of the Godhead was solely for the purpose of saving fallen, sinful human beings. There would have been no incarnation if human beings had not sinned. Thus, the nature of the mission that necessitated the incarnation determined what kind of human nature Jesus was to assume.
It was sin that necessitated the incarnation – sin as a tendency and sin as an act of disobedience. In His incarnational life and later through His death on Calvary’s cross, Jesus needed to deal with this dual problem of sin. In order for Him to achieve this, He needed to identify Himself with the fallen humanity in such a way that He would qualify to be the substitute for the fallen humanity. In His role as fallen humanity’s substitute, He would die vicariously and at the same time have sin as a tendency rendered impotent. Jesus needed to assume a human nature that would qualify Him to be an understanding and sympathetic High Priest. He needed to assume a nature that would qualify Him to be an example in overcoming temptation and suffering.
Thus, in this study, after comparing and critically evaluating the Christological views of Jack Sequeira, Millard J. Erickson and Norman R. Gulley, I propose that Jesus assumed a unique post-fall (postlapsarian) human nature. He assumed the very nature that all human beings since humankind’s fall have, with its tendency or leaning towards sin. However, unlike other human beings, who are sinners by nature and need a saviour, Jesus was not a sinner. I contend that Jesus was unique because, first and foremost, He was conceived in Mary’s womb by the power of the Holy Spirit and was filled with the Holy Spirit throughout His earthly life. Second; He was the God-Man; and third, He lived a sinless life.
This study contributes to literature on Christology, and uniquely to Christological dialogue between Evangelical and Seventh-day Adventist theologians. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Phil. (Systematic Theology)
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