La variabilité spatio-temporelle de l’évolution morpho-sédimentaire du fond de la vallée de la Choisille (bassin versant : 288 km²), affluent de la Loire moyenne dans le sud-ouest du Bassin parisien (37), a été étudiée par 78 forages (8 transects), prospection géophysique, analyses sédimentologiques et datations 14C et OSL. Huit phases d’évolution du système fluviatile depuis le début Weichsélien ont été définies et corrélées avec les données palynologiques et archéologiques locales, afin de comprendre l’impact des facteurs forçants : climat ou/et anthropisation. Du Weichsélien jusqu’au début du Subatlantique, l'activité d'incision ou de sédimentation de la Choisille a évolué sous contrôle climatique strict. Depuis l’Allerød, cette évolution a été différente de celles observées sur d’autres rivières en Europe du Nord-Ouest, indiquant des spécificités climatiques et géologiques régionales. Dès l’Âge du Bronze, la rivière a évolué sous contrôle climatique et anthropique ; l'impact anthropique sur la sédimentation fut prépondérant, mais très variable dans le temps et l'espace au sein du bassin selon les potentialités agricoles des secteurs considérés. / The spatio-temporal variability of the Choisille valley morpho-sedimentary evolution (catchment: 288 km²), a tributary of the middle Loire River in the south-western Parisian Basin (37), was studied through 78 core-drillings (8 transects), geophysical prospecting, sedimentological analyses and 14C and OSL dating. Eight phases of fluvial system evolution were defined and correlated with palynological and archaeological dataset, in order to highlight the impact of forcing factors: climate and/or human activity. From the Weichselian up to the Subatlantic, the fluvial incision or sedimentation activity has strictly evolved under climate control. Since the Allerød, this evolution was different from what has been observed on other rivers of north-western Europe, indicating regional climatic or geological specificities. Since the Bronze Ages, the river has evolved under climatic and human control; the anthropogenic impact on sedimentation was dominant, but spatio-temporaly variable in the catchment, in relationship with the agricultural potentialities of the different areas.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-01-19T14:02:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoséHRA_DISSERT.pdf: 4845272 bytes, checksum: 6462e3cce9165dbc00d428bf9d3352e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-19T14:02:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoséHRA_DISSERT.pdf: 4845272 bytes, checksum: 6462e3cce9165dbc00d428bf9d3352e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The erosion of a riverbank is a natural phenomenon, being it very dynamic and capable of being accelerated by human activities. The understanding of riverbank erosion is crucial for studies related to fluvial geomorphology, because this phenomenon causes environmental disturbances, thus it can lead to problems of social and economic order. Most of the studies on riverbanks erosion were developed in temperate regions and in small watersheds of rivers. In Brazilian territory, some work was carried out in the Paraná River basin. In semi-arid regions such as the Northeast Brazil, few studies like these were developed. In rivers located in semi-arid regions, the erosive processes are observed with greater magnitude in above average rainy seasons, which favors the occurrence of the level of full riverbanks, contributing to the widening of the canal. This is quite different from rivers located in more humid regions in which the flow and rainfall are more regular, thus the widening of the river is most common. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of riverbank erosion in the Jaguaribe River, in its lower course, precisely in Quixeré town. The Jaguaribe River is one of the main rivers of Ceará, it is a semiarid river and it has its subsidiaries controlled by dams. For that it have been selected over a stretch of 10 km of the river in nine sections which were grouped into three areas types, that is: preserved areas, partially preserved areas and degraded areas. The setbacks of the monitored riverbanks were followed monthly via the pin method. Also, some soil samples were collected to determine the root density at the riverbanks, besides the application of an Infiltration test based on Maia (2014). Satellite images from 1980 and 2014 were worked for checking the uses and land use in the study area, and to analyze the morphological changes of the river. The results showed that the volume eroded in the sections monitored was considered low, degraded areas have higher volumes eroded, comparing the conserved and partially preserved areas. For the study period (June / 2014 to May / 2015) the main factor responsible for riverbank erosion was the precipitation, even this have been below the historical average. Flow rates and the change in river levels have been not decisive for erosion during the study period. Among the uses observed in the fluvial plains, pastures and irrigated agriculture stand out, suppressing the riparian forest that acts in the stability of the riverbanks. The main erosion observed in the stretch under study has been the laminar riverbank erosion, corrosion, collapse by shearing and the collapse by tipping. With this, it was found that the ciliary vegetation contributes strongly on the stability of riverbanks, minimizing erosion. The low erosive rates are related to reduced rainfall occurred in the area and it may have very high volumes in more rainy years and with higher flow rates / A erosão das margens de um rio é um fenômeno natural, sendo o mesmo muito dinâmico e passível de ser acelerado pelas atividades humanas. O entendimento da erosão marginal é fundamental, para os estudos relacionados a geomorfologia fluvial, pois além de proporcionar desequilíbrios ambientais, este processo pode acarretar problemas de ordem social e econômica. A maioria dos estudos sobre erosão de margens foram desenvolvidos em rios de regiões temperadas e em rios de pequenas bacias de drenagem, no território brasileiros alguns trabalhos foram realizados na bacia do rio Paraná, em regiões semiáridas, como é o caso da região do Nordeste brasileiros, poucos trabalhos nesta linha foram desenvolvidos. Em rios situados em regiões semiáridos, os processos erosivos são observados com maior magnitude em épocas de chuvas acima da média, o que favorece a ocorrência do nível de margens plenas, contribuindo, para o alargamento do canal. Isto é completamente diferente dos rios localizados em regiões mais úmidas no qual as vazões e precipitações são mais regulares, desta forma o alargamento do rio é mais frequente. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a dinâmica dos processos de erosão de margens no rio Jaguaribe, no seu baixo curso, precisamente no município de Quixeré. O rio Jaguaribe é um dos principais mananciais do Estado do Ceará, o mesmo é um rio semiárido e apresenta suas vazões controladas por açudes. Para isto foram selecionadas ao longo de um trecho de 10 km do rio nove seções que foram agrupadas em três tipos áreas, ou seja, áreas conservadas, áreas parcialmente conservadas e áreas degradadas. Os recuos das margens monitoradas foram acompanhados mensalmente, através do método dos pinos. Também foram coletadas amostras de solo para determinar a densidade de raiz nas margens, além da aplicação de um teste de Infiltração baseado em Maia (2014). Imagens de satélite de 1980 e 2014 foram trabalhadas para verificações dos usos e ocupações do solo na área de estudo, e analisar as mudanças morfológicas do rio. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o volume erodido nas seções monitoradas foi considerado baixo, as áreas degradadas apresentaram maiores volumes erodidos, comparadas as áreas conservadas e parcialmente conservadas. Para o período avaliado (junho/2014 a maio/2015) a principal condicionante responsável pela erosão marginal foram as precipitações, mesmo estas terem ficado abaixo da média histórica. As vazões e a variação do nível do rio não foram determinantes para erosão no período estudado. Entre os usos observados na planície fluvial, as pastagens e agricultura irrigada se destacam, suprimindo a vegetação ciliar que atua na estabilidade das margens. Os principais processos erosivos observados no trecho em estudo foram a erosão laminar das margens, a corrosão, desmoronamento por cisalhamento e o desmoronamento por basculamento. Com isso, verificou-se que a vegetação ciliar contribui fortemente na estabilidade das margens, minimizando os processos erosivos. As baixas taxas erosivas estão relacionadas as reduzidas precipitações ocorridas na área, podendo apresentar volumes bem elevados em anos mais chuvosos e com vazões mais elevadas / 2017-01-18

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-02-23T15:14:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SOUZA_Luis_2016.pdf: 44124636 bytes, checksum: 9a906bf8f920fc33ce882d3ee77fb579 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-02-23T15:15:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SOUZA_Luis_2016.pdf: 44124636 bytes, checksum: 9a906bf8f920fc33ce882d3ee77fb579 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-02-23T15:15:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SOUZA_Luis_2016.pdf: 44124636 bytes, checksum: 9a906bf8f920fc33ce882d3ee77fb579 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-23T15:15:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SOUZA_Luis_2016.pdf: 44124636 bytes, checksum: 9a906bf8f920fc33ce882d3ee77fb579 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-04 / Outra / Understanding the social and environmental processes occurring in a watershed, and creating educational strategies to facilitate the mediation of knowledge related to the environment of contextualized way emerge as a priority in the contemporary world. Thus, the objectives of this study was the analysis of natural and human constraints active in fluvial dynamics of the basin of Ribeirão Itapetinga, Atibaia-SP and the development of geography teaching activities for students of the 8th year of a state school of São Paulo, in the context of Milieu Analysis, using the watershed as a spatial unit of analysis. The research was divided into two chapters. The first deals with the analysis of natural and human factors working in the area of the basin, such as average rainfall, geomorphology and types of use and occupation of land. The second chapter relates to the application of teaching-learning approaches for students of a public school, supported by the information in the study area. Among the conditions that influence the dynamics of river basin are: waterproofing and soil erosion, problems in the planning of urban drainage, irregular occupation of river plains, deforestation, lack of riparian vegetation at certain points. Among the natural order factors, the high average precipitation and relief features were the most decisive. The educational activities were very important to the expansion of knowledge of the students, as they facilitated the process of teaching and learning, making it more meaningful and oriented citizenship / A compreensão dos processos de ordem socioambiental ocorridos em uma bacia hidrográfica, bem como a criação de estratégias pedagógicas que facilitem a mediação de conhecimentos relacionados ao meio ambiente de modo significativo e contextualizado surgem como prioridade no mundo contemporâneo. Dessa maneira, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram a análise dos condicionantes naturais e antrópicos atuantes na dinâmica fluvial da bacia do Ribeirão Itapetinga, município de Atibaia-SP e a elaboração de atividades de ensino de Geografia para discentes do 8° ano de uma escola estadual paulista, no contexto do Estudo do Meio, utilizando a bacia hidrográfica como unidade espacial de análise. A pesquisa foi dividida em dois capítulos. O primeiro trata da análise dos fatores naturais e humanos atuantes na área da bacia, como as médias de precipitação, geomorfologia e os tipos de uso e ocupação dos solos. O segundo capítulo refere-se à aplicação de metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem para alunos de uma escola pública, tendo como suporte as informações da área de estudos. Entre os condicionantes que influenciam a dinâmica fluvial da bacia destacam-se: impermeabilização e erosão dos solos, problemas no planejamento da drenagem urbana, ocupação irregular de planícies fluviais, desmatamento, a ausência de vegetação ripária em determinados pontos. Dentre os fatores de ordem natural, as elevadas médias de precipitação e as características do relevo foram os mais determinantes. As atividades pedagógicas foram muito importantes para a ampliação dos conhecimentos dos alunos, à medida que facilitaram o processo de ensino aprendizagem, tornando-o mais significativo e orientado para a cidadania.

Orientador: Fresia Soledad Ricardi Torres-Branco / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T23:34:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_MelinaMarade_D.pdf: 10651504 bytes, checksum: 954cc83b3352e5a3f66f7308ab277dd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O estudo da evolução paleoambiental de uma área de transição entre os Biomas Cerrado e Mata Atlântica no decorrer do Holoceno resultou na reconstituição da vegetação, do clima e da dinâmica fluvial do Rio Mogi Guaçú, na Estação Ecológica de Mogi Guaçú (EEcMG), Estado de São Paulo. As interpretações paleoecológicas foram baseadas na identificação das assembleias de palinomorfos, fragmentos de carvões e análises isotópicas contidas em três testemunhos rasos, onde estão foram desenvolvidas inferências paleoecológicas e paleoclimáticas. A análise dos proxy aqui utilizados evidenciou as mudanças acontecidas na vegetação e do curso principal do Rio Mogi Guaçú na EEcMG que permitiram compor as condições paleoambientais entre 7.750 anos AP até os dias atuais. Dessa forma, aproximadamente 7.750 anos AP, a EEcMG passou por uma fase climática mais úmida que a atual, possibilitando o desenvolvimento da Mata Ripícola, indicado pela presença de Mauritia L.f. Dados isotópicos para esta época caracterizam uma transição entre a floresta e o campo. Por volta de 3.000 anos AP, observa-se um aumento dos elementos do Cerrado, como a presença de Curatella Loefl., e diminuição de Mauritia L.f., que indica que este último não foi um elemento importante para a configuração da vegetação deste período, estabelecendo um clima mais seco para EEcMG, a composição isotópica aponta o predomínio de plantas C3 (floresta). No período entre aproximadamente 310 e 105 anos AP., a umidade aumenta na região com a permanência de Mauritia L.f., e mesmo com o aumento dos tipos de Cerrado, indicando que a Mata Ripícola se manteve presente. Dessa maneira, as assembleias palinológicas estudadas mostram que a Mata Ripícola esteve presente em todos os estágios, ao contrário do Cerradão, que durante os últimos 7.750 anos AP., experimentou fases de expansão e contração. Através do estudo da chuva polínica atual das três lagoas, foi possível inferir que os elementos de Mata Ripícola são predominantes aos de Cerrado, como a presença de Mauritia L.f. e a abundância de esporos que confirma esse tipo de vegetação dominante para os dias atuais, o que caracteriza um clima mais úmido na EEcMG. As análises isotópicas indicam que a floresta permanece presente, com predominância de plantas C3 (floresta) em relação às plantas C4 (campo). Fragmentos de carvão foram identificados nos três testemunhos estudados, evidenciando que paleoincêndios sempre ocorreram na EEcMG durante todo o Holoceno. O comportamento da dinâmica fluvial do Rio Mogi Guaçú durante o Holoceno mostrou que esta esteve associada à influência de eventos climáticos de escala global e que, em consequência desses, os meandros mudaram constantemente de posição ao longo da planície através do processo de erosão e deposição das suas margens, ocasionando em alguns momentos, a não preservação de palinomorfos / Abstract: The study of paleoenvironmental evolution of a transition area between the Biomes of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest during the Holocene resulted in the recovery of vegetation, climate and fluvial dynamics of Mogi Guaçú River in The Mogi Guaçú Ecological Station (EEcMG) - São Paulo State. The paleoecological interpretations were based on the identification of palynomorphs assemblies, fragments of charcoal, and isotopic analyzes contained in three shallow cores, where paleoecological and paleoclimatic inferences were developed. The analysis of the proxy highlighted the changes that occurred in the vegetation and the main course of Mogi Guaçú River at EEcMG to form the paleoenvironmental conditions from 7.750 years BP to current days. Thus, approximately 7.750 years BP, the EEcMG underwent a wetter climate than the current phase, enabling the development of a Riparian Forest with the presence of Mauritia L.f. The isotopic data features a transition between forest and field. Around 3.000 years BP, there was an increase in the Cerrado elements, as the presence of Curatella Loefl., and a decrease in Mauritia L.f. In fact, Mauritia L.f. was not an important element to configure the vegetation of the period with a drier climate for EEcMG, and the isotopic composition indicates the predominance of C3 plants (forest). Between 310 and 105 years BP., the humidity increased in the region with the permanence of Mauritia L.f., but the Cerrado types also increased, indicating that the Riparian Forest remained. Thus, the palynological assemblies show that the Riparian Forest was present in all stages, unlike Cerradão, that during the last 7.750 years BP., experienced phases of expansion and contraction. Through the study of current pollen rain of the three ponds, it was possible to infer that the elements of Riparian Forest are prevalent in the Cerrado, as the presence of Mauritia L.f. and the abundance of spores that confirms this type of dominant vegetation for current days, featuring a more humid climate at EEcMG. Isotopic analyzes show that the forest remains with a predominance of C3 plants (forest) in relation to C4 plants (field). Charcoal fragments were identified in all three cores showing the evidence that paleofires occurred at EEcMG throughout the Holocene. The behavior of fluvial dynamics of Mogi Guaçú River during the Holocene showed the influence of climatic events of global scale, and consequently, the meanders constantly changed position along the plain through erosion and deposition processes of its banks, not preserving the palynomorphs / Doutorado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Doutora em Ciências

Orientador: Paulo César Rocha / Banca: José Tadeu Garcia Tommaselli / Banca: Luis Eduardo de Souza Robaina / Resumo: Os regimes de vazões dos rios correspondem a um importante indicador para a compreensão e estabelecimento da disponibilidade hídrica de uma bacia e para a manutenção da integridade ecológica. Em decorrência, seu monitoramento quantitativo e qualitativo permite entender o seu funcionamento e prescrever as quantidades mínimas para manutenção da vida e dos processos fluviais. Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados da avaliação dos regimes hidrológicos do rio Paranapanema e seus principais afluentes que compõem sua bacia hidrográfica, assim como demais canais que constituem as Unidades de Gestão da bacia do rio Paranapanema, compreendendo uma área superior a 105.000 km². Esta análise possibilitou avaliar qualitativa e quantitativamente a variabilidade hidrológica desses rios, caracterizar seu regime, além de examinar as alterações hidrológicas ocorridas ao longo do tempo, para a elaboração de um mapeamento da história hidrológicas de tais rios. Para execução deste trabalho, foi necessário realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática de estudo e caracterização ambiental da bacia; organização, tratamento e interpretação dos dados hidrológicos fornecidos pela rede hidrometeorológica existente na bacia e disponibilidade pela ANA-BRASIL, SIGRH/DAEE-SP, SUDERHSA-PR e a Empresa Duke Energy; avaliação e relacionamento do regime hidrológico dos rios com a variabilidade climática da bacia... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The flow regimes of the rivers are an important indicator for understanding and establishment of the catchment water availability and the maintenance of ecological integrity. As a result, its quantitative and qualitative monitoring allows us to understand this operation and prescribe the minimum quantities to maintain life and fluvial processes. This research presents the results of the assessment of the hydrological regimes of the Paranapanema and major rivers that form its watershed, as well as other channels that constitute the Management Units Paranapanema River Basin, covering an area exceeding 105,000 km ². This analysis allowed us to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the hydrological variability of rivers, characterize his regime, and to examine the hydrological changes that occurred over time... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

La compétition entre les processus internes et externes contrôle l'évolution des surfaces continentales à l'échelle des temps géologiques. La topographie et le réseau de drainage actuels des Cordillères Bétiques apparaissent comme transitoires (surfaces aplanies sommitales, knickpoints) impliquant que la réponse érosive du système géomorphologique n'a pas encore contrebalancé les dernières étapes de surrection. L'exhumation des zones internes montre un épisode d'aplanissement majeur de la topographie à une altitude proche du niveau marin entre ~ 17 et 8 Ma. Certaines de ces surfaces sont préservées de l'érosion en altitude. Les rivières montrent une incision relativement mature dans les sierras orientales initiée lors de l'inversion tardi-miocène, et une surrection régionale plus récente reliée à de la topographie dynamique. Le raccourcissement post-tortonien dans les zones internes est faible (~ 5 km) tandis que la déchirure E-W de la lithosphère ibérique depuis la fin du Miocène entraîne un soutien mantellique permettant d'expliquer les hautes topographies orientales. A l'ouest, la lithosphère ibérique subit la traction du panneau plongeant impliquant une topographique moyenne plus basse. L'implication de ces processus engendre une forte composante non-isostatique de la topographie. La géométrie de la déchirure de la lithosphère ibérique permet d'expliquer l'instabilité de la ligne de partage des eaux séparant les versants atlantique et méditerranéen. Le rajeunissement du relief bétique et la réorganisation dynamique du réseau de drainage suggère une surrection brève et récente (quelques Ma) rattachée à un fonctionnement discontinu de la déchirure de la lithosphère. / Competing between internal and external processes controls the evolution of continental surfaces at geological time scale. The topography and associated drainage network of the Betics are transient (summit surfaces, knickpoints) implying that the erosional response of the geomorphic system hasn’t counterbalanced the last stages of uplift yet. Exhumation history of the internal zones shows a major planation event near sea level between ~ 18 and 7 Ma. Some of these surfaces are preserved from erosion at the summit of several sierras. Rivers in the eastern sierras show relatively mature incision pattern initiated since the Late Miocene inversion. At the regional scale the drainage network shows a more recent uplift related to dynamic topography. Post-Tortonian shortening in the Internal Zones is low (~5 km) whereas E-W tearing of the Iberian lithosphere since the Late Miocene has led to an important mantle support of the eastern topography. To the west, Iberian lithosphere is pulled by the slab and the mean topography above is deflected. These deep processes are responsible for an important non-isostatic component of the Betics topography. The tear geometry of the lithosphere beneath the Betics can explain the instability of the main divide (Atlantic/Mediterranean). Rejuvenation of the relief and the dynamic reorganization of the rivers suggest a brief and recent uplift (few Ma) related to a discontinuous tearing of the lithosphere.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:07:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_ap_me_prud.pdf: 3875821 bytes, checksum: 2d36f065e48c795c5c169901d9236254 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os regimes de vazões dos rios correspondem a um importante indicador para a compreensão e estabelecimento da disponibilidade hídrica de uma bacia e para a manutenção da integridade ecológica. Em decorrência, seu monitoramento quantitativo e qualitativo permite entender o seu funcionamento e prescrever as quantidades mínimas para manutenção da vida e dos processos fluviais. Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados da avaliação dos regimes hidrológicos do rio Paranapanema e seus principais afluentes que compõem sua bacia hidrográfica, assim como demais canais que constituem as Unidades de Gestão da bacia do rio Paranapanema, compreendendo uma área superior a 105.000 km². Esta análise possibilitou avaliar qualitativa e quantitativamente a variabilidade hidrológica desses rios, caracterizar seu regime, além de examinar as alterações hidrológicas ocorridas ao longo do tempo, para a elaboração de um mapeamento da história hidrológicas de tais rios. Para execução deste trabalho, foi necessário realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática de estudo e caracterização ambiental da bacia; organização, tratamento e interpretação dos dados hidrológicos fornecidos pela rede hidrometeorológica existente na bacia e disponibilidade pela ANA-BRASIL, SIGRH/DAEE-SP, SUDERHSA-PR e a Empresa Duke Energy; avaliação e relacionamento do regime hidrológico dos rios com a variabilidade climática da bacia... / The flow regimes of the rivers are an important indicator for understanding and establishment of the catchment water availability and the maintenance of ecological integrity. As a result, its quantitative and qualitative monitoring allows us to understand this operation and prescribe the minimum quantities to maintain life and fluvial processes. This research presents the results of the assessment of the hydrological regimes of the Paranapanema and major rivers that form its watershed, as well as other channels that constitute the Management Units Paranapanema River Basin, covering an area exceeding 105,000 km ². This analysis allowed us to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the hydrological variability of rivers, characterize his regime, and to examine the hydrological changes that occurred over time... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Depuis la fin du XIXe siècle / le début du XXe siècle, les cours d'eau européens sont affectés par une incision et une contraction généralisées des chenaux, en réponse à l'intensification des activités humaines et à la transition climatique entre le Petit Âge Glaciaire (PAG) et le Réchauffement Global actuel (RG). Sur la Garonne, ce phénomène a été observé et décrit depuis les années 1960 dans la portion dite toulousaine (linéaire de 90 km entre les confluences de l'Ariège et du Tarn). Toutefois, peu d'études se sont intéressées à l'évolution de la dynamique fluviale à plus long terme. Cette thèse propose une reconstitution de la trajectoire d'évolution de la Garonne toulousaine sur une échelle de temps pluriséculaire. L'objectif est d'évaluer : 1) l'inscription de la tendance actuelle sur la période antérieure aux années 1950 ; 2) l'effet de la transition PAG/RG et des aménagements ponctuels de l'Epoque Moderne sur la dynamique fluviale ; 3) le mode de fonctionnement hydro-sédimentaire de la Garonne avant le XXe siècle et 4) l'existence de tendances/disparités spatiales au sein du linéaire. La démarche méthodologique mise en oeuvre repose sur la complémentarité chronologique et spatiale des données traitées, issues de l'analyse des documents cartographiques historiques et de travaux de terrain menés sur 11 paléochenaux de la Garonne. Les résultats révèlent : 1) une tendance au méandrage au cours de la phase terminale du PAG (seconde moitié du XIXe siècle), marquée par des discontinuités le long du linéaire ; 2) une réduction de la dynamique fluviale amorcée dès la fin du XIXe siècle / le début du XXe siècle dans la partie amont/médiane du linéaire, en réponse à des facteurs de contrôle multiples et 3) une réduction de la dynamique fluviale plus tardive dans la partie aval, sous l'effet d'une campagne de protection des berges. Par ailleurs, cette étude fournit des données sur la période correspondant à l'Optimum Climatique Médiéval (OM, 900-1300) et révèle une faiblesse documentaire concernant le PAG avant le XIXe siècle. / Since the end of the nineteenth century, significant morphological channel changes have been observed along European rivers. The major processes involved, channel incision and narrowing, appear as the result of increasing human activities and the transition from the Little Ice Age (LIA) to Global Warming (GW). On the Garonne River (southwestern France) this phenomenon has been observed and described since the 1960th between the Ariège and Tarn tributaries (The Toulouse Garonne, 90 km). However, very few studies have focused on a longer evolutionary period. In this study, we propose to analyze the evolutionary trajectory of the Toulouse Garonne on a plurisecular timescale. The aim of this study is to assess: 1) the evolutionary tendency before the 1950th; 2) the impact of the LIA to GW transition and former human disturbances on fluvial dynamics; 3) the hydro-sedimentary pattern of the Garonne River before the twentieth century; and 4) the presence of spatial discontinuities within the reach. The analysis is based on two types of data, which are complementary in terms of chronology and spatial cover: historical maps and field data collected on 11 palaeochannels. The results show: 1) a meandering channel in the late LIA (second half of the nineteenth century), with spatial discontinuities along the Toulouse Garonne; 2) a morphological adjustment since the late nineteenth / early twentieth centuries in the upstream and middle reaches, in response to several controls and; 3) a later adjustment in the downstream reach, in response to bank protection. Furthermore, this study provides new data on morphological channel features over the Medieval Climatic Optimum (MCO, 900-1300) and reveals that only a very few data allows to assess the channel behavior over the LIA.

Ostie et Portus sont deux villes portuaires emblématiques de la façade littorale de la Rome antique. Construites au contact du Tibre et de la mer Tyrrhénienne, elles se situent dans des milieux géomorphologiquement très instables (mobilité du fleuve et du trait de côte). Nous nous proposons dans cette étude de reconstituer les dynamiques hydrosédimentaires du Tibre deltaïque à l’époque romaine (principalement aux Ier s. av. – Ier s. ap. J.-C.) et d’en identifier les conséquences sur le système Ostie-Portus. Pour mener à bien ce travail, nous nous appuyons sur des données sédimentaires issues de carottages réalisés dans le paléoméandre d’Ostie et les canaux de Portus. Ces résultats sont ensuite confrontés aux données archéologiques et historiques. Le croisement des données sédimentaires, archéologiques et textuelles permet d’envisager une crise hydrosédimentaire d’origine anthropoclimatique dans le bassin versant du Tibre s’étalant de la seconde partie du Ier s. av. J.-C. au début du Ier s. ap. J.-C. A Ostie, cette crise s’exprime par : (1) une accumulation de sédiments à l’embouchure du Tibre qui conduit au comblement du port fluvial d’Ostie ; (2) plusieurs inondations importantes (parfois torrentielles – cf. Rome) ; et (3) peut-être une hausse des niveaux phréatiques. A cela s’ajoute, avant ou pendant cette crise, une forte variabilité latérale de l’embouchure et du paléoméandre d’Ostie, qui a pu affecter le développement d’Ostie. Contraint par une forte pression démographique à Rome et par le contexte socio-économique, Claude fonde Portus au milieu du Ier s. ap. J.-C. Cette ville portuaire maritime est conçue dans l’idée de pallier les insuffisances du port d’Ostie : (1) les capacités d’accueil du port sont considérablement accrues (bassin de 200 ha) ; (2) le site d’implantation est choisi 3 km au nord de l’embouchure du Tibre pour échapper aux contraintes hydrosédimentaires qui se posaient à Ostie. Pour des raisons logistiques (transport des marchandises vers Rome), la planification de Portus est accompagnée d’un système de canaux relié au Tibre. Les ingénieurs romains prennent cependant soin de dissocier le système des canaux de celui des bassins portuaires (gestion de la charge solide) et certains de ces canaux sont envisagés comme évacuateurs de crue (gestion des inondations). Les études sédimentaires menées permettent de décrire les modalités de fonctionnement et de comblement de certains de ces canaux (Canale Traverso, Canale Romano). Ce travail est complété par une réflexion méthodologique sur le diagramme de Passega et une modélisation de l’évolution holocène de la partie nord du delta du Tibre à partir de l’analyse de carottes. / Ostia and Portus are two important harbour cities located on theThyrrenian coast, near the ancient Rome. This location corresponds to a fastly changing landscape (river and coastline mobility). The aim of this study is to reconstruct the Tiber hydrosedimentary dynamics in its delta plain during Ancient times (mainly in the 1st c. BC - 1st c. AD) and to identify their impact on the system Ostia-Portus. To complete this work, we analyse sedimentary cores drilled in the palaeomeander of Ostia and the canals of Portus. These results are compared to the archaeological and historical data. Crossing sedimentary, archaeological and textual data allows to consider hydrosedimentary anthropoclimatic crisis in the Tiber River watershed, during the period between the second part of the Ist century BC and the beginning of the Ist century AD. This crisis is expressed in Ostia, by: (1) a sediment accumulation at the mouth of the Tiber River, leading to the filling of the river mouth harbour of Ostia; (2) several major floods (at Rome - sometimes torrential floods); and (3) perhaps an increase of the groundwater levels. During this hydrosedimentological crisis or before, a strong lateral mobility of the Tiber mouth and the palaeomeander of Ostia probably affect the development of the city. Obliged by a strong demographic pressure in Rome and by the socio-economical context, Claude built Portus in the middle of the 1st century AD. Portus is planned with the idea to overcome the shortcomings of Ostia’s harbour: (1) by an increased harbour basin area (200 ha), and (2) by its establishment, 3 km north of the Tiber mouth, to avoid the main hydrosedimentary constraints. For logistical reasons (goods transport to Rome), Portus includes a fluvial canal system, connected to the Tiber River. However, Roman engineers take care to separate the canal system and the harbour basins (sediment load) and some of these canals are considered floodways (flood management). Sedimentary analysis characterise the canal functioning and filling (Canale Traverso, Canale Romano). This work is complemented by a methodological reflection on the Passega diagram and by a modeling of the Holocene evolution of the Tiber delta’s northern part , based onthe analysis of core samples.

The Western Mediterranean realm is considered as a region highly sensitive with regard to climate changes and landscape transformations. Within its semi arid and semi humid areas, even slight climatic changes but also human interventions may result in far-reaching consequences in respect of environment and ecological systems. Thus, research on landscape development has a high relevance in geosciences, especially in the light of current climate change research. It is a major concern to reveal regularities and patterns in past landscape evolution in order to provide a basis for the assessment of future developments. For the reconstruction of late Quaternary environmental conditions fluvial sediments play an important role as they almost uniquely reflect landscapes and landscape changes on a regional scale. This is due to the fact that fluvial dynamics and all enclosed processes are based on multi-causal relationships and a variety of factors like climatic conditions, vegetation development, human impact, or tectonic activity finds expression in fluvial dynamics. About 70 % of the Iberian Peninsula is influenced by moist Atlantic air masses, but in the whole area there is a considerable research gap concerning the exploration of fluvial archives. Taking this into account, this dissertation aims to systematically work out fluvial sediment successions of two river systems, namely the Jarama River in central Spain and the Guadalete River in southwestern Spain. For complementary considerations, first stratigraphic results from the middle to lower Guadalquivir River in southern Spain will be consulted. In a first step, the objective is to intensively study and document sediment profiles for the purpose of deriving a valuable composite profile for each river system. In a second step, the significance of these composite profiles regarding palaeoenvironmental conditions as well as changes will be examined. Beside the reaction of fluvial systems towards climatic changes, relationships with other influencing factors are a main issue. On the basis of a supra-regional comparison a possible coupling of fluvial geomorphic systems and large-scale climate fluctuations shall be analyzed. Furthermore, it is intended to address issues like system connectivity or varying response times and response durations. The bases for these considerations are abundant sedimentary profile records supported by electrical resistivity tomography and percussion drillings. Stratigraphic work includes the differentiation of sediment units, the identification of soil horizons, and the correlation of specific layers and horizons across different profile sections based on sedimentologic and pedogenetic characteristics. Subsequent soil-chemical and sedimentological laboratory analyses on certain key-profiles imply grain-size analyses, the measurement of organic carbon content, calcium carbonate content, pedogenic and total iron contents, as well as magnetic susceptibility. Laboratory analyses are used to strengthen results of field work and to differentiate between soils and soil sediments in ambiguous cases. The chronological resolution of the sediment successions will be provided by radiocarbon dating. The final aim is to work out a detailed fluvial sedimentation history for the late Quaternary. The precise characterization of the catchment areas, together with a comparison of the stratigraphic findings and secondary archive information from the literature, will enable the identification of relationships between fluvial dynamics and different influencing factors. In this dissertation, 36 profile sections have been worked out intensively. Furthermore, 13 percussion drillings were conducted in floodplain positions with insufficient exposure conditions. For the chronological frame 70 radiocarbon samples have been dated. The obtained results show a significant pattern of sedimentation periods and phases of stability associated with soil formation for each river system. The sedimentation history of the Guadalete and Guadalquivir Rivers could be reconstructed for the last 15 ka, while conclusions with regard to sedimentation dynamics of the Jarama River could be drawn for a period of 43 ka. Thanks to an abundance of available studies on other terrestrial archives with climatic or environmental relevance, it was possible to assess the influence of different parameters such as climate, vegetation, humankind, tectonics, and base-level changes on fluvial sedimentation dynamics. It emerged that, first and foremost, rapid climate changes had significant impact on the mobilization of sediments in the catchment area as well as their deposition in floodplain positions. On the other hand prolonged periods of climatic amelioration caused floodplain stability along with soil formation, as documented for the time spans between 13.3 and 12.7 ka, 7 and 5.1 ka, 2.8 and 2.3 ka, 1.4 and 1.2 ka, as well as 0.8 and 0.5 ka cal. BP in several river systems. Periods of increased sedimentation were initiated by phases of climatic aridification that affected fluvial systems through the weakening of the vegetation cover and the accentuation of the hydrological discharge regime. Corresponding patterns have been found for the time intervals between 8 and 7 ka, 5 and 3.8 ka, 2.2 and 1.5 ka, as well as around 1 ka and 0.4 ka cal. BP. The supra-regional effectiveness of the factor climate is contrasted by a strong regional individuality of the river catchments that is expressed by further, regionally limited phases of fluvial activity. Crucial to this development – apart from regional climate differences – are, inter alia, tectonic movements as evidenced for the Jarama River system in central Spain, or late Pleistocene and Holocene sea-level fluctuations that primarily affected fluvial dynamics along the lower course of the Guadalete River in southwestern Spain. Furthermore, it can be shown that variations in time and duration of fluvial system response are attributable to differing buffer capacities of river catchments towards external influences. The increase of human impact during the late Holocene apparently provoked a reinforcement of the effects of climatic impulses. There are clear evidences for the participation of humans in the mobilization of sediments; however, concerning the degree of influence it is hardly possible to differentiate between the factors humans and climate. / Der westliche Mediterranraum gilt als landschaftlich und klimatisch hochsensible Region, für deren semiaride bis semihumide Gebiete bereits kleinere klimatische Änderungen, aber auch Eingriffe des Menschen, mit weitreichenden Folgen für Umwelt und ökologische Systeme verbunden sein können. Forschungen zum Landschaftswandel nehmen hier vor allem vor dem Hintergrund des derzeitigen Klimawandels einen hohen Stellenwert in den Geowissenschaften ein. Ein wichtiges Anliegen ist dabei, in früheren Landschaftswandeln Muster zu entdecken, welche als Grundlage für Bewertungen zukünftiger Veränderungen dienen können. Für die Rekonstruktion spätquartärer Umweltbedingungen kommt fluvialen Sedimenten eine besondere Rolle zu. Wie kein anderes Archiv spiegeln fluviale Sedimentabfolgen Landschaftszustände und -entwicklung auf regionaler Ebene wieder. Dies ist dem Umstand geschuldet, dass fluviale Dynamik mit allen inbegriffenen Prozessen auf polykausalen Zusammenhängen beruht und somit eine Vielzahl an Faktoren, wie klimatische Verhältnisse und Vegetationsentwicklung, menschliche Einflussnahme oder tektonische Aktivität Ausdruck in fluvialer Dynamik finden. Von feuchten atlantischen Luftmassen geprägte Gebiete nehmen etwa 70 % der Fläche der Iberischen Halbinsel ein, allerdings besteht hier eine erhebliche Forschungslücke im Bereich der Analyse fluvialer Archive. Diesem Umstand soll in vorliegender Dissertation in Form einer systematischen Aufarbeitung der fluvialen Sedimentabfolgen zweier Flusssysteme in Zentralspanien (Rio Jarama), sowie in SW-Spanien (Rio Guadalete) Rechnung getragen werden. Für ergänzende Betrachtungen werden dabei erste Befunde zur stratigraphischen Gliederung des Guadalquivir-Mittellaufes in S-Spanien herangezogen. Ziel der Arbeiten ist es zunächst über umfangreiche Aufnahmen und Dokumentationen von Sedimentprofilen ein belastbares Standardprofil für jedes Flusssystem zu erarbeiten und dieses hinsichtlich der Aussagekraft in Bezug auf Paläoumweltbedingungen und vor allem -wandeln zu prüfen. Neben der möglichen Reaktion fluvialer Systeme auf klimatische Änderungen, stehen dabei vor allem auch Beziehungsgeflechte zu anderen Einflussfaktoren im Vordergrund. Anhand eines überregionalen Vergleichs soll eine mögliche Kopplung fluvialmorphologischer Systeme an großräumige Klimafluktuationen untersucht werden, zudem soll weiteren Themenkomplexen, wie der Konnektivität verschiedener Systeme oder unterschiedlichen Reaktionszeiten und -geschwindigkeiten nachgegangen werden. Grundlage für diese Betrachtungen bilden dabei aus zahlreichen Geländeaufnahmen resultierende Profilaufnahmen, sowie Ergebnisse geoelektrischer Messungen und Bohrsondierungen. Stratigraphische Arbeiten belaufen sich zunächst auf die Untergliederung verschiedener Sedimenteinheiten, die Ausweisung von Bodenhorizonten, sowie die Korrelation einzelner Schichten und Horizonte über unterschiedliche Profile hinweg anhand charakteristischer sedimentologischer und pedogenetischer Merkmale. Nachfolgende bodenchemische und sedimentologische Laboruntersuchungen an ausgewählten Profilen sollen über die Bestimmung von Korngrößenverhältnissen, Gehalten an organischem Kohlenstoff, Kalk- und Eisengehalten, sowie der magnetischen Suszeptibilität die Geländebefunde stützen und in unklaren Fällen eine Unterscheidung von Böden und Bodensedimenten erleichtern. Die zeitliche Auflösung der Sedimentabfolgen soll über Radiokarbondatierungen realisiert werden, mit dem letztendlichen Ziel, eine detaillierte fluviale Sedimentationsgeschichte für das Spätquartär zu erarbeiten. In einem weiteren Schritt werden begleitend zu einer detaillierten Einzugsgebietscharakteristik die chronostratigraphischen Befunde einem intensiven Vergleich mit in der Literatur verfügbaren Studien an Sekundärarchiven zugeführt, um Beziehungsgeflechte zwischen fluvialer Dynamik und verschiedenen Einflussfaktoren aufzudecken. Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation konnten zunächst 36 Profilaufschlüsse detailliert bearbeitet und zudem 13 Rammkernsondierungen in Flussauenpositionen abgeteuft werden. Für den chronologischen Rahmen wurden 70 Radiokohlenstoffproben datiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein deutliches Muster von Sedimentationsphasen und Zeiten der Stabilität mit einhergehender Bodenbildung für jedes Flusseinzugsgebiet. Dabei konnte die Sedimentationsgeschichte der Flusssysteme Rio Guadalete und Rio Guadalquivir für die letzten 15.000 Jahre und des Rio Jarama für die letzten 43 ka rekonstruiert werden. Dank der Fülle an verfügbaren Studien an terrestrischen Vergleichsarchiven mit klima- und umweltrelevantem Bezug war es möglich, den Einfluss der unterschiedlichen Parameter Klima, Vegetation, Mensch und Tektonik, bzw. Erosionsbasis auf die fluviale Sedimentationsdynamik zu prüfen. So zeigte sich, dass vor allem rasche Klimaänderungen in der Lage waren die Mobilisierung von Sedimenten im Einzugsgebiet und deren Ablagerung in den Flussauen zu initiieren. Dahingegen bewirkten anhaltende klimatische Gunstphasen eine Stabilisierung mit einhergehender Bodenbildung, wie für die Zeiträume zwischen 13.3 und 12.7 ka, 7 und 5.1 ka, 2.8 und 2.3 ka, 1.4 und 1.2 ka, sowie 0.8 und 0.5 ka cal. BP für sämtliche Flusssysteme zu verzeichnen ist. Perioden verstärkter Sedimentation folgten in der Regel Phasen klimatischer Aridifizierung, welche über eine Schwächung der Vegetationsbedeckung und Akzentuierung des hydrologischen Abflussregimes in der Lage waren auf das fluviale System Einfluss zu nehmen. Entsprechende Muster konnten für die Zeiträume zwischen 8 und 7 ka, 5 und 3.8 ka, 2.2 und 1.5 ka, sowie um 1 ka als auch 0.4 ka cal. BP dokumentiert werden. Dem überregional wirksamen Einfluss des Faktors Klima steht jedoch eine starke landschaftsgeschichtliche Individualität der verschiedenen Regionen gegenüber, welche in weiteren, regional begrenzten Phasen fluvialer Aktivität zum Ausdruck kommt. Ausschlaggebend sind hier neben der Ausbildung regionaler Klimaunterschiede unter Anderem tektonische Verstellungen, welche für das in Zentralspanien gelegene System des Rio Jarama belegt werden konnten, oder spätpleistozäne und holozäne Meeresspiegelschwankungen, welche sich vor allem auf die fluviale Dynamik im Unterlauf des in SW-Spanien gelegenen Rio Guadalete auswirkten. Desweiteren können Unterschiede in Reaktionsdauer und -geschwindigkeit fluvialer Systeme mit variierendem Puffervermögen der Flusseinzugsgebiete gegenüber äußeren Einflüssen erklärt werden. Das intensivierte Wirken des Menschen im Spätholozän führte allem Anschein nach zu einer Verstärkung der Wirkung klimatischer Impulse, wobei sich klare Evidenzen für eine Beteiligung des Menschen an der Sedimentmobilisierung erkennen lassen, der Umfang des Einflusses des Menschen aber in der Regel nicht klar von dem des Klimas zu trennen ist.